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Look up refinement in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Refinement may refer to: Equilibrium refinement, the identification of actualized equilibria in...

The refinement calculus is a formalized approach to stepwise refinement for program construction. The required behaviour of the final executable program...

type theory, a refinement type is a type endowed with a predicate which is assumed to hold for any element of the refined type. Refinement types can express...

Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing programs...

Rietveld refinement is a technique described by Hugo Rietveld for use in the characterisation of crystalline materials. The neutron and X-ray diffraction...

In mesh generation, Delaunay refinements are algorithms for mesh generation based on the principle of adding Steiner points to the geometry of an input...

And Their Refinement of the Decline is the seventh studio album by Stars of the Lid, released by Kranky in April 2007. The album was Kranky's 100th release...

topology and open covers of a topological space X, a star refinement is a particular kind of refinement of an open cover of X. The term has two similar but...

In the design of algorithms, partition refinement is a technique for representing a partition of a set as a data structure that allows the partition to...

omitting some of them; whereas a refinement is made from any sets that are subsets of the sets in the cover. The refinement relation on the set of covers...

Iterative refinement is an iterative method proposed by James H. Wilkinson to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions to systems of linear equations...

In numerical analysis, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a method of adapting the accuracy of a solution within certain sensitive or turbulent regions...

In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the colour refinement algorithm also known as the naive vertex classification, or the 1-dimensional version...

Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) is a technique for symbolic model checking. It is also applied in modal logic tableau calculi algorithms...

areas of improvement, and continuous process improvement actions. Backlog refinement is a process by which team members revise and prioritize a backlog for...

An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline...

Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek ἀρετή [aretḗ]) is a philosophical approach that treats dispositional virtue and character as the primary...

Failures-divergence refinement may refer to: The mathematical relation of refinement in the failures/divergences model of communicating sequential processes...

recursive in nature. The process starts with a base level polygonal mesh. A refinement scheme is then applied to this mesh. This process takes that mesh and...

In category theory and related fields of mathematics, a refinement is a construction that generalizes the operations of "interior enrichment", like bornologification...

leadership. A top-down approach (also known as stepwise design and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the...

dimension is the smallest number n such that for every cover, there is a refinement in which every point in X lies in the intersection of no more than n + 1...

to slaughter its people as in Tunis. 17 5 "A Seat of Civilisation and Refinement" Sam Deats Warren Ellis March 5, 2020 (2020-03-05) While reflecting upon...

In mathematics, a refinement monoid is a commutative monoid M such that for any elements a0, a1, b0, b1 of M such that a0+a1=b0+b1, there are elements...

In mathematical analysis and in probability theory, a σ-algebra ("sigma algebra") is part of the formalism for defining sets that can be measured. In calculus...

Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2011. "Refinements to Mother Tongue Language Policy" (Press release). Ministry of Education...

Schreier refinement theorem of group theory states that any two subnormal series of subgroups of a given group have equivalent refinements, where two...

Progressive meshes is one of the techniques of dynamic level of detail (LOD). This technique was introduced by Hugues Hoppe in 1996. This method uses saving...

someone else's – with a certain flat quality, as if later education and refinement came after a somewhat unsophisticated childhood. Streep entered the 2000s...

way to understand an ε-quadratic form is to think of it as a quadratic refinement of its associated ε-symmetric form. For instance, in defining a Clifford...

The Minkowski Portal Refinement collision detection algorithm is a technique for determining whether two convex shapes overlap. The algorithm was created...

cover has a point-finite open refinement. That is, given any open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement that is again an open cover with...

The Disordered Structure Refinement program (DSR), written by Daniel Kratzert, is designed to simplify the modeling of molecular disorder in crystal structures...

Beatles." Critics described Rubber Soul as a significant advance in the refinement and profundity of the band's music and lyrics. Considered a high point...

FDR (Failures-Divergences Refinement) and subsequently FDR2, FDR3 and FDR4 are refinement checking software tools, designed to check formal models expressed...

puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented...

The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs, pronounced as "N C 3 Rs") is a British organization with...

Essay XIX, OF POLYGAMY AND DIVORCES Part I, Essay XX, OF SIMPLICITY AND REFINEMENT IN WRITING Part I, Essay XXI, OF NATIONAL CHARACTERS Part I, Essay XXII...

and comparative abundance that marked the Mewari landscape fostered refinements unattainable in other lands. Ameri, Marta; Costello, Sarah Kielt; Jamison...

Jim Thompson House Thai greeting, the smile is an important symbol of refinement in Thai culture. Poy Sang Long in Mae Hong Son, northern Thailand The...

tempo". According to Kent Nagano, she is "a musician who has a good ear, a refinement, and a degree of perfection that is enviable". Charles Alexander of Time...

A collection of subsets of a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is said to be locally finite if each point in the space has a neighbourhood that intersects...

Elite culture of the imperial period saw skill in art as a marker of refinement and high social status. Renowned art pieces often bear inscriptions and...

representative element from every equivalence class. A partition α of a set X is a refinement of a partition ρ of X—and we say that α is finer than ρ and that ρ is...

and infinite descending chains. A subset of this lattice is known as a refinement graph. θ-subsumption was first introduced by J. Alan Robinson in 1965...

himself on the full profile refinement method in powder diffraction, which became later known as the Rietveld refinement method. The method was developed...

non-actors. Directors are trying to preserve natural atmosphere without refinement and artificial arrangement of scenes. A personality of the 1960s and the...

by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North...

isomorphism between two graphs G and H. It is a generalization of the color refinement algorithm and has been first described by Weisfeiler and Leman in 1968...

professor and a severed worker for Lumon Industries in the Macrodata Refinement (MDR) department. Zach Cherry as Dylan G./Dylan George, Mark's severed...

cover of the space has a locally finite refinement. In contrast to the definition of paracompactness, the refinement is not required to be open. Every paracompact...

was based on generalized bi-cubic uniform B-splines. The subdivision refinement algorithm was developed in 1978 by Daniel Doo and Malcolm Sabin. The Doo-Sabin...

angular pressing (ECAP) or high-pressure torsion (HPT), can lead to grain refinement and the creation of new grain boundaries with tailored characteristics...

has an interior-preserving open refinement. That is, given an open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement that is also an open cover, with...

from a given decision model. Refinement is the fourth and most critical stage in using formal decision methods. The refinement stage responds to the insights...

not necessarily composite. A restricted form of intersection types are refinement types. Intersection types are useful for describing overloaded functions...

good Gram points such that all the Gram points between them are bad. A refinement of Gram's law called Rosser's rule due to Rosser, Yohe & Schoenfeld (1969)...

progress on this problem involves using an iteratively directional TV refinement for CS reconstruction. This method would have 2 stages: the first stage...

to a distinctive style that blends northern Chinese staples with court refinement. Peking duck is perhaps the best known dish. Fuling jiabing, a traditional...

maps are used to complete the structure. The final step is a numerical refinement of the atomic positions against the experimental data, sometimes assisted...

six years later, the duo released their second double album, And Their Refinement of the Decline, in April 2007 to widespread critical acclaim. In December...

language Haskell which allows specifying correctness properties by using refinement types. Properties are verified using a satisfiability modulo theories...

remains challenged to distinguish between creating new games based on refinements of past successful games to create a new type of gameplay, and intentionally...

ISBN 978-0-7852-6487-3. OCLC 53231392. Thompson, Robb D. (2007). Solitary Refinement: Finding and Making the Most of Time by Yourself (The Hidden Power of...

typical example of a refinement model, and formula evaluation in spreadsheets are a typical example of a perturbation model. The refinement model is more general...

used for verification when two descriptions are not equivalent. During refinement, the specification is complemented with details that are unnecessary in...

and comparative abundance that marked the Mewari landscape fostered refinements unattainable in other lands. Ameri, Marta (2018). "Letting the Pictures...

control adjustments, system performance and stability improvements, and refinements to messages and overall usability on certain system screens. On September...

oil extraction and refinement are separate processes. Extraction first removes the oil, typically from a seed, nut or fruit. Refinement then alters the appearance...

army during the Second World War. Designed by Edgar Brandt, it was a refinement of the Stokes mortar. The Brandt mortar was highly influential, being...

historians, these by no means signify simply a reaction against over-refinement and reversion to a misconceived natural life. [...] This is an illusion...

Compared to the Z notation, B is slightly more low-level and more focused on refinement to code rather than just formal specification — hence it is easier to...

described this release as emphasizing "refinements to the Mac experience" and "improvements to system performance". Refinements include public transport built...

studio album, Cracker Island (2023), met generally positive reviews as a refinement of their usual style. The band's ninth studio album, The Mountain (2026)...

either positions, cylindrical lens should be tried to correct astigmatism. Refinement of axis of cylindrical lens in astigmatism correction is done by placing...

resolution limit of modularity), the Leiden algorithm employs an intermediate refinement phase in which communities may be split to guarantee that all communities...

distaff for spinning wool, tripling production. A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures...

Watch Tower Society. The publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually...

preferred direct deal-making, results, and a strong personality, over refinement, manners, or prestige. Cohn states that U.S. President Harry Truman “led...

algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced the technique in 1953 as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch's 1952 Veitch chart, which itself was a rediscovery...

partition x. Another partition Q of the given interval [a, b] is defined as a refinement of the partition P, if Q contains all the points of P and possibly some...

sets), an operation combining two simplicial sets Join (sigma algebra), a refinement of sigma algebras Join (algebraic geometry), a union of lines between...

overall layout found in the Xbox 360's controller, but with various refinements to its form. Among its changes include a smoother form, textured analog...

existed at some point in the refinement, and directed edges connect each trapezoid that is no longer in the refinement to the trapezoids that replaced...

hardware standards and data formats requires continuous architectural refinement to maintain compatibility across different device classes. Development...

Back originated the refinement calculus, an important approach to the formal development of programs using stepwise refinement, in his 1978 PhD thesis...

the entire US record industry and, apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound in 1957, it remained...

stronger criteria than other refinements, and thereby ensures that more desirable properties are satisfied. Refinements have often been motivated by arguments...

"a", "b", and "c" symbols for refinement between the numbers (unlike the French grades, it does not use the "+" refinement, and simply goes: 4a, 4b, 4c...

Cham actively collaborated with the Michaletz designers throughout the refinement process, contributing to the form of the final design. A2 (final design)...

relationship between the mean and variance that is scale invariant. A refinement in the estimation of the slope b has been proposed by Rayner. b = f −...

how the ideas of the Refinement can be used. The simple Refinements are: Aurum, the Refinement of Gold, or Mortality. The Refinement of Aurum requires the...

of the object. Typestates are capable of representing behavioral type refinements such as "method A must be invoked before method B is invoked, and method...

Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sophistication refers to the qualities of refinement, good taste, and wisdom. By contrast, its original use was as a pejorative...

peculiar consequence of this system of definitions is that any future refinement in our ability to measure c will not change the speed of light (which...

presented more technical details. MUSCLE up to version 3 uses a progressive-refinement method. Since version 5 it uses a hidden Markov model similar to ProbCons...

(Metropolitan Museum of Art) Gold roundel, 11th century Iran. It "exemplifies the refinement of Seljuq goldsmithing". Seljuk gold necklace, 11th century Iran. Bobrinski...

Dickens's biographer Simon Callow's estimation, the public display was "a new refinement added to his misery". A few months after his imprisonment, John Dickens's...

paracompact space is a topological space in which every open cover has an open refinement that is locally finite. These spaces were introduced by Dieudonné (1944)...

seats of refinement, grace and style. Mirza Ghalib of Delhi could not resist the charm of Lucknow's language and in spite of his refinements in language...

1971 Communications of the ACM article "Program Development by Stepwise Refinement", concerning the teaching of programming, is considered to be a classic...

Borkowski, Michael H.; Vazou, Niki; Jhala, Ranjit (2024-01-05). "Mechanizing Refinement Types". Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 8: 2099–2128...

show subdivisions broken into blocks with streets and alleys. Further refinement often splits blocks into individual lots, usually for the purpose of selling...

issued new vinyl presses of the album and their following album, And Their Refinement of the Decline (2007) for CAD$52, as both were out of print. Around the...

nature of processing rutile, a principal titanium ore. The extraction and refinement of rutile often lead to the release of heavy metals and other contaminants...

production of clinical reports of ex-servicemen with brain trauma. The refinement of neurosurgical techniques also facilitated increasing attempts to remove...

In the 1970s, with the formulation of cladistics and the consequent refinement of the anatomical definitions of species, this "global morphological pattern"...

Dunne's method by introducing a variation to the calculation in 2007. This refinement led to the renaming of the method as the Modified Philip-Dunne Infiltrometer...

prototyping, the product is moved to the next phase of the design cycle: design refinement. Engineers revise and improve the design to meet performance and design...

traits that may be moral, social, or intellectual. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is valued as an...

partial differential equations, including high-resolution and adaptive mesh refinement schemes. Colella is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Colella...

experimentally to an extremely high degree of accuracy. For example, the refinement of quantum mechanics for the interaction of light and matter, known as...

Millington describes it as "a diaphanous score of unearthly beauty and refinement". Apart from his operas, Wagner composed relatively few pieces of music...

Dinosaur Jr. It was released on December 14, 1987, through SST Records. A refinement of the formula introduced on the band's debut album Dinosaur, You're Living...

the significant coefficient is included in a list for further refinement in the refinement pass. And if any coefficient already known to be zero, it will...

(1912). Greek Refinements: Studies in Temperamental Architecture. Yale. Haselberger, Lothar, ed. (1999). Appearance and Essence: Refinements of Classical...

generation. Although visually similar to the Mark 2, there were many refinements underneath. The two-door model was dropped, aerodynamics were improved...

mesh refinement (AMR) as a numerical method has roots that go well beyond its first application in the field of numerical relativity. Mesh refinement first...

25, 2017. It is manufactured using Intel's second 14 nm process node refinement. Desktop Coffee Lake processors introduced i5 and i7 CPUs featuring six...

home. Ikebana is counted as one of the three classical Japanese arts of refinement, along with kōdō for incense appreciation and chadō for tea and the tea...

we can see that the lower and upper Darboux integrals are unequal. A refinement of the partition x 0 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{0},\ldots ,x_{n}} is...

considered to be real polished concrete, as there is little physical refinement of the concrete slab. However, it does provide a similar look to polished...

combines inverse entailment with general-to-specific search through a refinement graph. Inverse entailment is used with mode declarations to derive the...

were described by The Verge technology publication as focused upon "refinement, white space, cleanliness, elasticity, usefulness, and most of all simplicity...

is a type of smooth-jawed adjustable wrench, a 19th century American refinement of 18th-century English coach wrenches. It was widely used in the 19th...

capital and capital expenditure. Depending on the audience, a number of refinements and adjustments may also be made to try to eliminate distortions. Free...

Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme. Informally, a player playing by a strategy...

development process framework. The best-known and extensively documented refinement of the unified process is the rational unified process (RUP). Other examples...

models a document as a multiset of words, without word order. It is a refinement over the simple bag-of-words model, by allowing the weight of words to...

introduction of hammams into the Indian subcontinent. The evolution and refinement of Mughal and Indian architecture, and, in turn, the development of later...

revision, the Super Slim, was released in late 2012, offering additional refinements to the console's form factor. At launch, the PS3 received a mixed reception...

physically observed evidence. All scientific knowledge is subject to later refinement, or even rejection, in the face of additional evidence. Scientific theories...

great personal charm with solid qualities of character, aristocratic refinement with democratic opinions." — Beatrice Webb, 8 June 1923 By now Mosley...

space has a refinement that is a finite open cover such that any point in the space is contained in exactly one open set of this refinement. A topological...

There are three versions of the system, offering different levels of refinement through 2-, 4-, and 6-digit codes. 11 Logic 12 Mathematics 21 Astronomy...

National Academy of Engineering in 2005 for developing adaptive mesh refinement algorithms and software that have advanced engineering applications, especially...

supplier and engineering service provider in the field of processing and refinement of solid compounds for the food / feed, pharmaceutical and fine chemical...

Colella, Oliger developed the technique of adaptive mesh refinement. One adaptive mesh refinement algorithm first developed by Berger and Oliger, and later...

held in March 2017. The official indicator list below includes all the refinements made as of March 2020[update]. The lists of 169 targets and indicators...

ordinary language and that the concepts of classical physics are merely a refinement of them. Therefore, for Bohr, classical concepts need to be used to describe...

society. It is also known by the alternative title Tremaine; or, the Man of Refinement. It was a major influence on Benjamin Disraeli's debut novel Vivian Grey...

and children of the aristocracy, which she painted with much grace and refinement. Read was born in Dundee, Scotland on 3 February 1723, to Alexander and...

topological space in which every open cover admits a point-finite open refinement. Every locally finite collection of subsets of a topological space is...

and its iconic D-pad. Since then, the design has undergone continued refinements, including the addition of shoulder buttons, analog triggers, and haptic...

number of animals necessary to obtain reliable and useful information. Refinement: use of methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering,...

language. The foregoing examples are just a few of the thousands of refinements of, and variations on, the central notion of "democracy." A direct democracy...

are in place to care for the animals (refinement)? Are those involved in the project suitably qualified (refinement)? What measures have been taken to ensure...

explored during a refinement check. FDR was succeeded by FDR2, FDR3 and FDR4. The Adelaide Refinement Checker (ARC) is a CSP refinement checker developed...

being supplanted by new forms of polyphony, the earlier melo-rhythmic refinements of monophonic chant seem to have fallen into disuse. Later redactions...

Paul Dirac. Editor, Philosophical Magazine. Bunn, Alice M. (1998). Grain refinement in aluminium alloy s (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. doi:10.17863/CAM...

Marden's theorem, a refinement of Gauss–Lucas theorem for polynomials of degree three Sendov's conjecture, a conjectured refinement of Gauss-Lucas theorem...

closed-form solution. The nonlinear problem is usually solved by iterative refinement; at each iteration the system is approximated by a linear one, and thus...

choice of starting values produces a bias in the calculated values. The refinement process continues by setting the new calculated structure factor to the...

Sequential equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium for extensive form games due to David M. Kreps and Robert Wilson. A sequential equilibrium specifies...

Prior to Cannon Lake's launch, Intel launched another 14 nm process refinement with the codename Coffee Lake. Having released only one single product...

for introducing the concept of action refinement, an analogue of Niklaus Wirth's concept of stepwise refinement in the development of software systems...

GamesRadar+ said that playing League of Legends was "a vote for choice over refinement". Given the game's origins, other reviewers frequently compared aspects...

model verification and validation are an ongoing field of academic study, refinement, research and development in simulations technology or practice, particularly...

both war and trade, being used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost...

Passive Wi-Fi is a refinement of Wi-Fi technology that uses passive reflection to reduce energy consumption. Wi-Fi use can account for up to 60 percent...

at the time, he was marked out by the scale of his collection and the refinement of its contents. The abbot of Saint Samson in Dol sent him some as a gift...

colors, decrease the cost per weight, or avoid the cost of high-purity refinement.. For example, copper is added to the precious metal silver to make a...

{\displaystyle {\sqrt {S}}} , an iterative refinement is performed until some termination criterion is met. One refinement scheme is Heron's method, a special...

shard. A SN system typically partitions its data among many nodes. A refinement is to replicate commonly used but infrequently modified data across many...

security of their social position, they had no need to seek to display refinement. The upper class has also propagated its own class accent, Received Pronunciation...

being perceived, and with what degree of subjective colouring. Bal's refinement has been influential but also debated. Genette himself responded critically...

to the theory of diffusion processes with an orientation towards the refinement and further development of Itô’s stochastic calculus. In the year 2007...

theorem by Carl Ludwig Siegel to primes in arithmetic progressions. It is a refinement both of the prime number theorem and of Dirichlet's theorem on primes...

the context of aristocratic preferences to enhance beauty and display refinement, and cointerie, the idea of making oneself more attractive to others by...

algebraic number theory, the narrow class group of a number field K is a refinement of the class group of K that takes into account some information about...

Source Definition and the Definition of Free Cultural Works. Further refinements to these definitions have resulted in categories such as copyleft and...

tradition, no new learning can occur, only further interpretation and refinement. "The rejection of modernism," which views the rationalistic development...

described as 'a paragon of refinement, quietness, and fuel economy' by the European automotive press, with enough 'refinement and performance to wean anyone...

also called distribution ray tracing and stochastic ray tracing, is a refinement of ray tracing that allows for the rendering of "soft" phenomena. Conventional...

students at Cambridge University. Skewes's numbers contributed to the refinement of the theory of prime numbers. Skewes obtained a degree in civil engineering...

"underwater search" despite the previous seafloor sonar survey. Continued refinement of the analysis of Flight 370's satellite communications identified a...

from the keyboard, or because they are not aware of this typographical refinement. Using a breakable space of any kind often results in a quotation mark...

of 17 June announced. It would then be delayed to 15 July for further refinement. Denshattack! released on 15 July 2026 for Nintendo Switch 2, PS5, Xbox...

planet discovered within a star's habitable zone was found in 2007. New refinements in exoplanet detection methods, and use of existing methods from space...

motorcycle manufacturing quality. European motorcycle media noted its refinement, build quality, and pricing competitiveness relative to Japanese and European...

to new technology that in turn unlocks a new tier of manufacturing and refinement machines to support the production of the next phase of parts to be delivered...

The first draft of the script ran over 160 pages, which required much refinement from the three writers. Once filming began, they had produced 37 versions...

resolution) is the basic inference rule used in logic programming. It is a refinement of resolution that is both sound and refutation complete for Horn clauses...

describe and preserve plant and animal specimens; from Robert Patterson, refinements in computing latitude and longitude, and Caspar Wistar covered fossils...

troops during the American Civil War. These were commercial versions/refinements of the hardtack biscuits which had long been used by the British Royal...

was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. It was a development and refinement of the LaGG-3, replacing the earlier model's inline engine with the much...

Columbia population, which was lower than previously estimated due to refinements in the population model. Conservation efforts have become an increasingly...

to nose surgery until the 1970s, when Padovan presented his technical refinements, advocating the open rhinoplasty approach; he was seconded by Wilfred...

21 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022. Joe Walker, Grady (1957). "Scott's Refinement of The Gothic In Certain of The Waverley Novels" (PDF). Archived (PDF)...

generalisation of semantic equivalence is the notion of program refinement: one program is a refinement of another if it terminates on all the initial states for...

Level 3 – Impact assessment Level 4 – Process refinement (i.e. sensor management) Level 5 – User refinement Sensor fusion level can also be defined basing...

in 2026. In late 2025, additional funds were allocated for the further refinement of the aircraft design, with a focus on weight reduction and improving...

1987, with the addition of a thermostatically controlled fan. Driving refinement and motor reliability were improved with an upgrade of the fuel and ignition...

network (E2E-VarNet), combines sensitivity map estimation and iterative refinement in a fully learned pipeline, achieving state-of-the-art reconstruction...

300 mi) lesser range. By the time of the Paris Air Show in June 1985, more refinements had been made to the TA9 and TA11, including the adoption of the A320...

used to transmit information, such as an audio signal, by radio waves. A refinement of amplitude modulation, it uses transmitter power and bandwidth more...

distances of nebulae from our stellar neighborhood, and the constant refinement of technology and engineering. Nebulae have no standardized boundaries...

the kth parameter of the refinement, are equal to zero. One or more equilibrium constants may be parameters of the refinement. However, the measured quantities...

Price on February 21, 1981, but Price believed it needed significant refinement. Some early concepts were abandoned. Originally, Marty's actions in 1955...

critics considering it to largely consist of incremental improvements and refinements over its predecessor. The follow-up title, WWE 2K25, was released on...

developed a distinct philosophy of Aesthetics, which emphasised Beauty and Refinement as governing principles, not only for Art but for our actions, and stressed...

Conditional Optimization: An N-particle formalism for protein structure refinement (Thesis). Scheres SH, Gao H, Valle M, Herman GT, Eggermont PP, Frank J...

commands. These ideas were later formalized by Carroll Morgan in his refinement calculus. Z schema boxes were added by Carroll Morgan for the structuring...

in 1940 by Fred C. Koch, who developed a new cracking method for the refinement of heavy crude oil into gasoline. Fred's four sons litigated against each...

dictionary. La De Da (spelled various ways) is a derisive term for pretentious refinement or affected gentility La De Da (and variant spellings) may also refer...

reflection in programming languages. It can be applied as a stepwise refinement at system design time. Reification is one of the most frequently used...

manufacturing company Boeing. It incorporated sophisticated structural refinements that were influential in later Boeing designs. The sole prototype exhibited...

and Don clash as Tony feels uncomfortable being asked to act with more refinement, while haughty Don is displeased by Tony's uncouth habits. As the tour...

Forces trained and led the units, created in the fall of 1966, during refinement and amplification of the mobile strike concept. These guerrilla units...

in November. First run in 2007, the Kempton Mares' Hurdle was won by Refinement who was trained by Jonjo O'Neill and ridden by AP McCoy. The race, originally...

state. However, they do not pass every statistical test without further refinement. This weakness is amended by combining them with a non-linear function...

"real-time strategy" emerged from an extended period of evolution and refinement. Games sometimes perceived as ancestors of the real-time strategy genre...

Relative Intensity Ratio (RIR) or whole-pattern methods using Rietveld Refinement or PONKCS (Partial Or No Known Crystal Structures) method. The use of...

bascule name derives from the location where it is widely used, and is a refinement by Joseph Strauss of the fixed-trunnion. There are 44 movable bridges...

and noise regulations, environmental concerns, a higher expectation for refinement and the need for a high-performance 4 valve per cylinder engine made the...

an internal discipline that cultivates humility, detachment, and moral refinement rather than personal merit or reward. Sevā is a Sanskrit term meaning...

Ssangyoung models. As a member of the modular family of engines, similar refinements would take place in the six cylinder M104 petrol and 4-5-6 cylinder OM604-605-606...

in the context of behavior, refers to prescribed Islamic etiquette: "refinement, good manners, morals, decorum, decency, humaneness". Al-Adab (Arabic:...

earthiness was feeble. Yet it was essentially this spiritual quality, this refinement as expressed in speech and manner, that was the basis of his charisma...

(520 °F) for refined. The exact smoke point depends on the amount of refinement and the way the oil is stored. Avocado oil functions well as a carrier...

(link) Bevan, Gareth (July 19, 2024). "Fujifilm GFX 100S II review: a refinement of a medium format favorite". Digital Camera World. Retrieved 2025-11-06...

include those of P {\displaystyle P} and possibly others making it finer. A refinement of a tagged partition is defined so that each tag t i {\displaystyle t_{i}}...

Tongan-American family band The Jets, released on January 15, 2014, by Refinement Records. As of July 2025, it is their most recent release. Reunited features...

by Kling Klang in Germany and by Capitol Records elsewhere. A further refinement of their mechanical style, the album saw the group incorporate more immediate...

In mathematical analysis, Dini continuity is a refinement of continuity. Every Dini continuous function is continuous. Every Lipschitz continuous function...

hydrostatic pressure component. However, the mechanisms that lead to grain refinement in SPD are the same as those originally developed for mechanical alloying...

Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Châtellerault. There have been several refinements and variations of the original rifle, the most common being the M1891/30...

in very limited numbers. In the mid-to-late 1960s, aluminium-casting refinements allowed the manufacture of safer wheels that were not as brittle. Until...

Morikawa, H.; Minato, I.; Tomita, T.; Iwai, S. (1975). "Anhydrite: A refinement". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 31 (8): 2164. Bibcode:1975AcCrB..31...

City play. These additions are presented as part of broader MyCareer refinements tied to the game's Gen 9 focus and ProPLAY-powered animation systems...

piece of music and adds that Tchaikovsky brought it to a high point of refinement. (For more on this practice, see the next section.) Dance of the Sugar...

centered in China, which produced 54% of the world's steel in 2023. Further refinements in the process, such as basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS), largely replaced...

as "mules"), aircraft engines or systems and to intellectual property refinement in such fields as computer software development shielded from the hazards...

fourth-generation's revised platform, but with significant modernization and refinements, including front disc brakes, increased cabin dimensions, full double-wall...

engagements between armored warships with large-caliber guns, the invention and refinement of torpedoes from the 1860s onwards allowed small torpedo boats and other...

with laser ignition have been built. The spark-ignition engine was a refinement of the early engines which used Hot Tube ignition. When Bosch developed...

The Boland 1912 Tailless Biplane was a refinement of the Boland 1911 Tailless Biplane. The major change in the 1912 biplane is the addition of a central...

algorithm for mixtures of Gaussian distributions via an iterative refinement approach employed by both k-means and Gaussian mixture modeling. They...

Coping cards Demonstration Practice Skill refinement Relapse prevention Skill generalization Skill refinement Cognitive emotional behavioral therapy (CEBT)...

increase in popularity gradually led to refinement and eventually diversification of the screwdriver. Refinement of the precision of screws also significantly...

numerous variations of the technology offering technological development and refinement, all but the Mono-Jetronic produced 1988-1995) being multi-point injection...

from chaos theory. Instead of robots acting in a trial-and-error type of refinement to interact with their environment, chaos theory has been used to build...

search for a more complete and valuable expression of this knowledge, a refinement of the Christian attitudes which derive from this knowledge." Notable...

varying amounts of hard-hammer percussion.[attribution needed] Various refinements in the shape have been called choppers, discoids, polyhedrons, subspheroid...

efficient and affordable. Following criticisms regarding quality and refinement, Honda updated the Civic with new exterior and interior improvements in...

cockpit, a redesigned fuselage and other structural and aerodynamic refinements. The aircraft is powered by an upgraded version of the Pegasus. The AV-8B...

Steinmetz Brinton McClellan, a woman noted for her "considerable grace and refinement." Her father was of English origin, while her mother was Pennsylvania...

models and allows model manipulations such as idealization, real space refinement, manual rotation/translation, rigid-body fitting, ligand search, solvation...

low-level policies are responsible for device-level configurations. Policy refinement is the process of transforming a high-level goal or abstract policy specification...

Hollywood from the 2000s onwards, notable for adopting a high level of visual refinement, epic stories and films with deconstructivist and political narratives...

Surrealist group, claiming that Dalí had espoused race war and that the over-refinement of his paranoiac-critical method was a repudiation of Surrealist automatism...

highest level of abstraction and carries out the design as a sequence of refinement steps at various levels of abstractions. Electronic design automation...

of the superhero archetype, then Batman should be recognised for its refinement. Lee, Stan (2013). "The Two Superhero Archetypes". Stan Lee's How to Draw...

distance. It was proved by Koenraad M. R. Audenaert in 2007 as an optimal refinement of Mark Fannes' original inequality, which was published in 1973. Mark...

light novel format, allowing for additional world-building and narrative refinement. That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime (2014–2025) That Time I Got Reincarnated...

engineer. He is credited with inventing the cultivation of oysters and refinement to the hypocaust method of heating a building to provide, in addition...

Bell numbers. They are used in computer science as part of partition refinement algorithms, and in the C++ Standard Library. In horse racing, the use...

is similar to the ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into (partial) functions or injective relations. Unlike...

60 degree vee–angle eliminates the need for a balance shaft, improving refinement while reducing mechanical complexity. None of the parts are shared at...

zone of another represents a subset of it. Euler diagrams (and their refinement to Venn diagrams) were incorporated as part of instruction in set theory...

shorter 2.7 mm (0.11 in) SS190 projectile. SS190 duty The SS190 FMJ, a refinement of the SS90, was introduced in 1993. It offered superior performance over...

developed by IBM (known as the Q-coder) that also uses a relatively minor refinement developed by Mitsubishi, resulting in what became known as the QM-coder...

(Inria). Its type system includes dependent types, monadic effects, and refinement types. This allows expressing precise specifications for programs, including...

refined using a suitable combination of h-refinements (dividing elements into smaller ones) and p-refinements (increasing their polynomial degree). The...

Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (also called the Balanced Budget Refinement Act or BBRA) is a federal law of the United...

1961 by Martin Davis, George Logemann and Donald W. Loveland and is a refinement of the earlier Davis–Putnam algorithm, which is a resolution-based procedure...

labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal combustion engine,...

aid have made the more coveted first free ascent (FFA). As a further refinement, some have argued that when free climbing a specific single-pitch route...

speed and new special moves for certain characters, as well as further refinement to the character balance. Hyper Fighting is the final arcade game in the...

algebraic interior or radial kernel of a subset of a vector space is a refinement of the concept of the interior. Assume that A {\displaystyle A} is a subset...

describe a crass, overly casual person who exhibits a lack of grace and refinement. In this sense, individuals do not necessarily need to be criminally destructive...

completed work, it is accepted as her most maturely written novel, showing a refinement of literary conception indicative of a woman approaching 40 years of age...

"verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun...

Webmineral data Mindat Rieder, M.; Hybler, J.; Smrcok, L.; Weiss, Z. (1996). "Refinement of the crystal structure of zinnwaldite 2M_1". European Journal of Mineralogy...

Rose, Robert (July 2012). "The impact of huts on physiological stress: a refinement in post-transport housing of male guineapigs (Cavia porcellus)". Lab Animal...

2003, which is rarely used. The preferred name is now "OMAC2". The OMAC1 refinement, which became an NIST recommendation in May 2005 under the name CMAC....

fine food and other pleasures, sometimes with overtones of excessive refinement; an Epicurean (capitalized) is one who follows Epicureanism, a system...

merging, refinement, exaggeration, and displacement. Slocum 2009 – Simplification, smoothing, aggregation, amalgamation, collapse, merging, refinement, exaggeration...

the Intel/Hewlett-Packard Itanium architecture. However, the continuous refinement of x86 microarchitectures, circuitry and semiconductor manufacturing would...

crystal structures. SHELXL – For the refinement of crystal structures. PDB2INS – Generates input files for the refinement of macromolecules with SHELXL. CIFTAB...

being at the zenith of its power, gone is the sacred learning, hidden is refinement, hushed is the voice of Dharma. — Madhuravijayam, Translated by Brajadulal...

Trafalgar class were designed in the early 1970s during the Cold War as a refinement of the preceding Swiftsure class. Including HMS Dreadnought, the Trafalgar...

eleventh century, the system became established across the island, a refinement on a pre-existing system. Townland Carucate Túath Place Names NI - Land...

model year introduced a 225 hp (168 kW) O-470-J engine and interior refinements. 1956 introduced a 230 hp (172 kW) O-470-K engine with a new air intake...

Minutes (OTCM) #33791 initiated the simultaneous production and design refinement of the new tank, designating the production tanks as the 90mm Gun Tank...

opened his own studio (CEC Studio) in Burbank. He taught using his own refinements of the Meisner Technique. Among the actors he coached were Helen Hunt...

strictness of the basic designs thus reached was lightened by optical refinements. In spite of the still widespread idealised image, Greek temples were...

promotes the application of the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal testing) in meeting regulatory requirements for products such...

ЛаГГ-3) was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. It was a refinement of the earlier LaGG-1 and was one of the most modern aircraft available...

version also brought native screenshot editing tools, refined curves, refinements to the Always-On Display (tap to show), an upgraded Bixby with support...

Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) is the name of a widely used molecular dynamics software package originally developed by Peter Kollman's...

Catmull–Clark surfaces are defined recursively, using the following refinement scheme. Start with a mesh of an arbitrary polyhedron. All the vertices...

Series S introduced an updated version of the controller, with further refinements to its shape and ergonomics. The Xbox One controller retains roughly...

changeable. Brecht's modernist concern with drama-as-a-medium led to his refinement of the "epic form" of the drama. This dramatic form is related to similar...

pedum. Discovery of this fossil a few metres below the GSSP led to the refinement of this statement, and it is the T. pedum ichnofossil assemblage that...

refinery) flour (see Gristmill) table salt vegetable oil (see Food oil refinement for food use and Vegetable oil refining for biofuel use) air glass Continuous...

worldview. Right-wing authoritarianism was defined by Bob Altemeyer as a refinement of the research of Theodor Adorno. Adorno was the first to propose the...

World War II by the Lavochkin Design Bureau. It was a development and refinement of the Lavochkin La-5, and the last in a family of aircraft that had begun...

including Half-Life 2, Team Fortress 2, and the Portal series. Source 2 is a refinement of the Source engine initially released in 2015, and has been used for...

months. Released on February 25, 1992, Vulgar Display of Power was a refinement of the groove metal sound. The band had sought to create a heavier album...

High Sierra region in California. Its name signified its goal to be a refinement of the previous macOS version, macOS Sierra, focused on performance improvements...

3Dfx led to Glide being extensively used in the late 1990s, but further refinement of Microsoft's Direct3D and the appearance of full OpenGL implementations...

for a unified consensus on what methodology might have the power and refinement to connect a proposed "grand theory" with the various midrange theories...

Children, Travelers, and Other Voyagers, the realm of the asura is a later refinement of the heavenly realm and was inserted between the human realm and the...

receiver, which was a modification of Édouard Branly's original device with refinements to increase sensitivity and reliability; A telegraph key to operate the...

chemically and is mainly obtained as a by-product of the extraction and refinement of molybdenum and copper ores. It can assume a wide variety of oxidation...

was the successor to the popular MTR 90 released in 1982, and included refinements to tape operation, precision and controller functionality. The high build...

to reach 270 km/h (168 mph) in approximately three minutes. Further refinements led to the development of the N700A, an incremental evolution that permits...

band's filigree of interwoven guitar patterns has gained in maturity and refinement, but songwriter-singer Verlaine’s unique vision still comes through loud...

supervisor on the severed floor and regularly interacts with the Macrodata Refinement department. After Ms. Cobel is fired he is promoted to manager of the...

design philosophy. The new car, wearing a camouflage livery, featured refinements to its aerodynamics, including a redesigned front end, new sidepods,...

obtain as much information as possible from the same number of animals. Refinement which refers to methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering...

decretals and the Fourth Lateran Council. This resulted in a considerable refinement of Western canon law. He is furthermore notable for using interdict and...

Proper equilibrium in game theory is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium by Roger B. Myerson. Proper equilibrium further refines Reinhard Selten's notion...

a general implementation of intersection types. A restricted form is refinement types. Union types are types describing values that belong to either of...

identifying and right-sizing components. This method emphasizes continuous refinement as teams develop a more nuanced understanding of system behavior and requirements...

Nova Scotia. An oil processing and refinement plant in Mulgrave, Nova Scotia. An oil processing and refinement plant in Piura, Peru. An oil processing...

substituting brine for (toxic) mercury. Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, although these and similar homopolar motors...

Company in 1990, where his designs included the Stoner 96, a further refinement of the Ares LMG/Stoner 63. Ares has a history of innovative weapon systems...

standard system of units facilitates this. Scientific systems of units are a refinement of the concept of weights and measures historically developed for commercial...

generally positive reviews, with critics commending its improved graphics and refinement of returning gameplay elements from its predecessor, though its online...

by company founder and chief designer Jerry Wiegert while receiving refinements by Vector's head of engineering David Kostka. The W8 was the production...

animated films, remembered for his contributions to the creation and refinement, during the 1930s, of Walt Disney cartoon characters. Ted Osborne was...

and was intimately involved in the advances of his time; these included refinement of the pendulum as a better regulator for clocks, increased precision...

{\displaystyle \dim S\leq d} . ◻ {\displaystyle \square } The following refinement appears in Eisenbud's book, which builds on Nagata's idea: Theorem—Let...

Tour. They agreed to achieve "a sense of balance between spontaneity and refinement [...] and perhaps work on a more organic approach to the songs". The group...

a series of key concepts that experienced progressive development and refinement in a period of well over a century: Telecommunication technologies may...

original seven-layer protocol model as defined in ISO 7498, rather than refinements in the internal organization of the network layer. The OSI protocol suite...

through his indispensable advancements. Artedi contributed to Linnaeus's refinement of the principles of taxonomy. Furthermore, he recognized five additional...

Network Time Protocol. They were the first routers to implement key refinements to TCP/IP such as variable-length subnet masks. Interface Message Processor...

substructural logic proposed by French logician Jean-Yves Girard as a refinement of classical and intuitionistic logic, joining the dualities of the former...

μ . {\displaystyle h={\frac {d\lambda _{a}}{d\mu }}.} An alternative refinement is that of the decomposition of a regular Borel measure ν = ν a c + ν...

its zenith in Europe during the Renaissance, in conjunction with the refinement of drawing, use of perspective, ambitious architecture, tapestry, stained...

Threat Refinement) Level 4: Process Refinement (or Resource Management) Level 5: User Refinement (or Cognitive Refinement) Level 6: Mission Refinement (or...

leverage crowdsourcing to gather ideas for new products as well as for the refinement of established products. Lego allows users to work on new product designs...

single engineer, Lloyd Corbett is credited for several refinements to the T44 design. Refinements included the addition of a bolt roller intended to reduce...

powertrain was introduced to combat earlier criticisms of drivetrain refinement of the original car, as well as more tweaking to the suspension settings...

A subdivision (also called refinement) of a simplicial complex is another simplicial complex in which, intuitively, one or more simplices of the original...

talent", attributing to them an unparalleled cultural and intellectual refinement. He contrasted the Aryans with the Semites, helping establish an intellectual...

PMC 1207886. PMID 9093868. Simcikova D, Heneberg P (December 2019). "Refinement of evolutionary medicine predictions based on clinical evidence for the...

ethics entitled the Refinement of Character (تهذيب الأخلاق Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq), focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and the refinement of character. He...

(such as double exposure and matte compositing). Rear projection was a refinement of the use of painted backgrounds in the theatre, substituting moving...

Yakovlev Yak-18T, incorporating upgraded, modern avionics and aerodynamic refinements. The main changes in the Technoavia SM-94 series, besides the increase...

used for many disciplines of English riding, and are known for their refinement, hardiness and spirit. Welara stallions average 14 to 15 hands (56 to...

experimental wavefunction or the Hirshfeld Atom Refinement. Farrugia, L. J. "The Multipole Model and Refinement" (PDF). Jyväskylä Summer School on Charge Density;...

reliable and completely unreliable communication. Finite-blocklength refinements of the noisy-channel coding theorem study the best coding rate at a fixed...

were not aware of the actual elliptical shape of the orbit. The level of refinement of the mechanism indicates that the device was not unique, and possibly...

directly into the continuity of Ys I and Ys II. Ys Origin uses a further refinement of the fast action framework developed for Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim...

album was first reissued on CD in 1988. AllMusic called the album a "refinement of brute noise and creepily serene arrangements into a truly modern psychedelia...

ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 19, 2020. A. V. Astin & H. Arnold Karo (1959). "Refinement of values for the yard and the pound". Archived August 21, 2006, at the...

Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park by Alan Turing, with an important refinement devised in 1940 by Gordon Welchman. The engineering design and construction...

offering nothing original, and the direction was criticized for a lack of refinement. The performances of Crowe and Mann were well received. The film earned...

identifying and right-sizing components. This method emphasizes continuous refinement as teams develop a more nuanced understanding of system behavior and requirements...

Renaissance sculpture: the work focuses on architectural and artistic purity, refinement of colors through the use of ancient marbles, many of them probably salvaged...

processes large sets of objects through a two-stage approach: filtering and refinement. The filtering stage quickly eliminates less promising or irrelevant objects...

000-tons. Tillman IV-1 – One of the two sub-designs that came out of refinement of "Tillman IV." Armed instead with thirteen 18-inch guns in five twin...

been connected in many cultures with virtue, sincerity, and spiritual refinement, contributing to the name’s graceful and uplifting character. Historically...

complex. A common misconception regarding BDD is that it supposedly is a refinement of test-driven development (TDD). While it was originally derived from...

describes the work as a cyclical movement of manifestation, differentiation, refinement, and dissolution or return into unitary consciousness. Baas also emphasizes...

weeding out unsuitable candidates. Yaacov Trope and Akiva Liberman's refinement of this theory assumes that people compare the two different kinds of...

engagement, (4) consensus building and synthesis of ideas, (5) language refinement, (6) costing, (7) dissemination, and (8) implementation. This approach...

known for being the center of Edo's developing sense of elegance and refinement. Established in 1617 as the city's shogunate-sanctioned prostitution district...

member of our team. She's already brought such excitement to Macrodata Refinement and we look forward to watching her blossom". Lumon Industries. February...

term is called the lunitidal interval or high water interval. The next refinement is to accommodate the harmonic terms due to the elliptical shape of the...

sales in excess of 700,000 pairs a month by the early 1980s. Further refinements on the original design led to several significant innovations in athletic...

In this stage, austenite is being recrystallized and refined, enabling refinement of ferrite grains in a later stage. 2) Deformation in non-recrystallization...

rubbing. The drawing can be left as it is or used as the basis for further refinement. Ernst was inspired by an ancient wooden floor where the grain of the...

named for blacksmith Joseph Peavey of Maine who invented the tool as a refinement to the cant hook in the late 1850s. The Peavey Manufacturing Co. is still...

tactics and techniques in actual combat. Bugei refers to the adaptation or refinement of those tactics and techniques to facilitate systematic instruction and...

that the Iliad and Odyssey underwent a process of standardization and refinement out of older material, beginning in the 8th century BC. This process,...

surfaces and a German-made MTV-9 3-blade composite propeller. Further refinements were made, and the model won both the men's and women's team prizes at...

employed rubble walls, smaller windows and unvaulted roofs. A greater refinement marks the Second Romanesque, along with increased use of the vault and...

is the original name of a formal method for program specification and refinement, more recently called a Practical Theory of Programming, invented by Eric...

"underwhelming and mediocre" and Into Liquid Sky stating that it needs "more refinement". Sarcastic Gamer's "How to Kill a Brand" (a parody of How to Save a Life)...

71Q.534P. doi:10.1038/071534b0. Matsushita, Y.; Takéuchi, Y. (1994). "Refinement of the crystal structure of hutchinsonite, TlPbAs5S9". Zeitschrift für...

than its predecessor, the North American Accord was given a new level of refinement with chrome interior accents and higher-grade materials. The lineup still...

bomber, first flown in 1934. The Tupolev design was advanced but lacked refinement, much to the dismay of crews, maintenance personnel, and Stalin, who pointed...

which was introduced in 2011, with a new wing design and aerodynamic refinements that produced a cruise speed of 260 km/h (162 mph) on 75 kW (101 hp)...

Darley Arabian stood about 15 hands high and was of substantial beauty and refinement. The Darley Arabian sired the undefeated Flying Childers. He also sired...

the game as one of the best Pro Evolution Soccer games to date, and a refinement of its predecessor, Pro Evolution Soccer 2016. PES 2017 was succeeded...

most primitive form in the eighteenth century, then experienced several refinements and variations before being (officially) given that name in 1920." The...

economic imperialism. Multinational corporations came to offer "a dramatic refinement of the traditional business enterprise", through "issues as far ranging...

in front of the engine to be made smaller. Tank introduced a further refinement to this basic concept. He suggested placing most of the airflow components...

such as in the Microsoft VC-1 encoder, or as a metric used in sub-pixel refinement, such as in x264. Hadamard transform Motion compensation Motion estimation...

been validated can be transformed into detailed system designs through a refinement process. The language has a formal semantics, enabling proof of the properties...

countable is representable. Problem 2 (Dobbertin 1983). Is every conical refinement monoid measurable? The approach of CLP suggested by Pudlák in his 1985...

Bøgesø KP, Sánchez C (December 2012). "The discovery of citalopram and its refinement to escitalopram.". In Fischer J, Ganellin CR, Rotella DP (eds.). Analogue-Based...

same set in the partition. Disjoint-set data structures and partition refinement are two techniques in computer science for efficiently maintaining partitions...

with one's parents, and with oneself. The Báb calls for perfection and refinement in a variety of senses: in keeping rivers pure and unpolluted; in preserving...

premiere in June 2025, the series was delayed for further production refinement. A new release window was expected in late 2025. The series has received...

the startup time for the Ubuntu Software Center by around 10 seconds, refinements to Unity that included the removal of the "window dodge" feature that...

perceptions of Renée. Paloma is the only tenant who suspects Renée's refinement, and for most of the novel, the two "cross each other but don't see each...

frequently compared to actress Grace Kelly, with whom she shared "blondness, refinement, glacial good looks and all-round star quality", according to The Independent...

her compositions are noted for their expressive language and stylistic refinement. She is considered[by whom?] one of the most influential female writers...

computation is now the quantum theory of computation.") Richard Dawkins' refinement of Darwinian evolutionary theory and the modern evolutionary synthesis...

series production of the type began, after flight testing and several refinements. Deliveries of the Lansen to the Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet) took...

monoxide, PO Phosphorus dioxide, PO2 Luer, B.; Jansen, M. "Crystal Structure Refinement of Tetraphosphorus Nonaoxide, P4O9" Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 1991...

Evening Standard. April 10, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2023. "Solitary Refinement". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2013...

though, Tres Zapotes Epi-Olmec sculpture appears to lack the artisanship, refinement, and detail of its San Lorenzo and La Venta predecessors. This is only...

of life and is a form of deliverance linked with the purification and refinement of the body. The huà (化; "change; transform; convert") in bianhua occurs...

earth sesquiselenides Ln2Se3 (Ln ≡ Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) and structure refinement of Er2Se3". Journal of the Less Common Metals. 171 (1): L27–L30. doi:10...

process. The title song for the band's next album, Fireball, is a further refinement of the band's influence with drummer Ian Paice's use of the double bass...

pastry chefs during the Auld Alliance between France and Scotland, the refinement of shortbread is popularly credited to Mary, Queen of Scots in the 16th...

between Baden and France, she was well acquainted with French culture and refinements, as was the custom of that era. Because her grandfather, the reigning...

Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. T. W. Mak "Refinement of the crystal structure of zirconyl chloride octahydrate" Canadian Journal...

difference methods, numerical methods for low Mach number flows, adaptive mesh refinement, interface tracking and parallel computing. He has also worked on the...

because the vehicles "are right-sized, right-priced, and blend carlike refinement with a touch of utility." Small-sized utility-type vehicles have been...

Japan in October 1999, offering improved ergonomics and minor technical refinements. Despite its positive reception, the Neo Geo Pocket line struggled commercially...

critical praise from reviewers, including for its simplification and refinement of the series by returning to its roots. A standalone expansion, Total...

Retrieved 23 November 2016. "Wading through the noise: Jay Watson on refinement, maturity and the future of POND". 14 September 2017. "Gum (11) - Out...

precise values for the star's mass and distance are still subject to refinement. List of exoplanets discovered in 2026 Korea Microlensing Telescope Network...

overall thrust of this research moves toward a formalization and scientific refinement, done by assimilating functions of the mind as known in the Sutta and...

Retrieved October 1, 2018. Prudlo, Donald S., The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies (Brill, 2011) p. 144 "Witches in Religion"...

of the Rolls-Royce R engine and redesigned floats: minor aerodynamic refinements typically aimed at drag reduction were also made. A pair of S.6Bs, serials...

or the secretions of other insects, like the honeydew of aphids. This refinement takes place both within individual bees, through regurgitation and enzymatic...

corridor alternatives, however, have been identified for further study and refinement. The building of I-11 in Arizona as a freeway bypass from I-19 in Sahuarita...

communion cards. The craft developed over time, with new techniques and refinements being added. Until the 16th century, parchment craft was a European art...

jr and hence called McKean's theorem (1955). The second theorem is a refinement of McKean's result and called Kaufman's theorem (1969) since it was proven...

Jakubiczka, S; Volleth, M; Freigang, B; Wieacker, PF; et al. (2004). "Refinement of the deletion in 7q21.3 associated with split hand/foot malformation...

Davies, Huw (2015). "The Quasigeostrophic Omega Equation: Reappraisal, Refinements, and Relevance". Monthly Weather Review. 143 (1): 3–25. Bibcode:2015MWRv...

and debate", "the recognition that Objectivism is open to expansion, refinement, and revision", and "a policy of benevolence toward others, including...

with regard to materials handling and pipeline equipment, and additional refinement requirements". Besides living near gas and oil drilling operations, ordinary...

tamped, and then blown when required to create a crater as an obstacle. A refinement was introduced in the 1980s, with the use of a shaped charge to create...

research and consultancy in the field of petroleum exploration, recovery, refinement and responsible utilization in Uganda. The institute is located approximately...

rCOS stands for refinement of object and component systems. It is a formal method providing component-based model-driven software development. rCOS was...

Urbanity (/ˌɜːrˈbænɪtiː/) may refer to suavity, courteousness, and refinement of manner, or to urban life. It represents characteristics, personality traits...

common and offensively mean character, coarsely commonplace; lacking in refinement or good taste; uncultured; ill bred".[citation needed] In the Victorian...

through recent kit cycles and branding updates, with only minor graphic refinements to typography and shield proportions. Traditionally, the home strip combines...

breached both the 300 kg enriched uranium stockpile limit and the 3.67% refinement limit. On 5 November 2019, Iranian nuclear chief Ali Akbar Salehi announced...

of the Bernstein inequality is known as Freedman's inequality and its refinement is known as Hoeffding's inequality. 1. Let X 1 , … , X n {\displaystyle...

states that there are "a surfeit of theories", but dates the idea (as a refinement of the oyster in bacon combination) to 1800. One recurring suggestion...

and values. Policy stream: This stream deals with the development and refinement of potential policy solutions. Policymakers, analysts, and experts propose...

refinement theorem, any two subnormal series have equivalent composition series refinements Zassenhaus lemma, used to prove the Schreier Refinement Theorem...

the original AR-10 developed by Eugene Stoner but feature additional refinements instituted by KAC to maximize parts commonality with the AR-15 design...

version, adopted in the early 1990s and retained with only typographic refinements, places the Hittite Sun and football on a black field edged by a red...

influence on her education. She developed into a woman of beauty and refinement. Having turned down two prior suitors, in 1592, she married the Baron...

nested tuples of unary functions called deltas. Deltas can be program refinements (semantics-preserving transformations), extensions (semantics-extending...

Information Extraction in Media Production (AIEMPro10). Image Annotation Refinement Yohan Jin; Latifur Khan; Lei Wang & Mamoun Awad (2005). "Image annotations...

One's choice ... must therefore be based on nuances, subtleties, and refinements." He eliminates the Maudes for "disturbing errors" and "did not find...

1980s. Together with Annabelle McIver, Morgan later authored Abstraction, Refinement and Proof for Probabilistic Systems, in which the same themes were pursued...

Lamborghini V12, and an aluminium body. A number of mechanical revisions and refinements were made due to the suggestions of the Neri and Bonacini racing development...

States in April, 1996. The Eco-Drive concept introduced several technical refinements over previous solar powered watches, including light-capturing cells...

Colorado TeleTech – outsourced call centers TransMontaigne – energy and oil refinement and distribution United Launch Alliance – spacecraft launch service provider...

became obsolete with the industry preference for Panavision and more refinements in Eastmancolor film stock. Paramount produced their final Vistavision...

recent update, version 5.1A, was released in 2019 and included minor refinements to the standard. eMMC became widely used as the primary storage medium...

para-xylene (p-xylene) substantially exceeds demand for other xylene isomers, a refinement of the TDP process called Selective TDP (STDP) may be used. In this process...

Restaurant in New York City to the manager, Charles Delmonico, in 1876. After refinements by the chef, Charles Ranhofer, the creation was added to the restaurant's...

is a refinement of Perfect Bayesian equilibrium in a signaling game proposed by Banks and Sobel (1987). One of the most widely-applied refinements is the...

deployed and improvements are discovered. It is very likely that further refinements will be made to the standard, which will necessitate firmware upgrades...

effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production. After several refinements, this method, called the lead chamber process or "chamber process", remained...

implementing the design. An alternative approach is to use provably correct refinement steps to transform a specification into a design, and ultimately into...

her to educate herself through reading. She envies Lupy's elegance and refinement, but dislikes her for putting on airs. Hendreary Clock Arrietty's uncle...

ZF estimated fuel economy improvement over first generation to be 3%. Refinements were also made with respect to vibration. Major improvements are total...

are the bravest, because they are furthest from the civilisation and refinement of (our) Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them, and...

his other wife has died, and narrates his qualities to Francie (He Had Refinement). Johnny is hoping to win a raffle at his job for a piano, which he hopes...

dyed. The term blue nankeen describes hand-printed fabric of artistic refinement and primitive simplicity, which originated on the Silk Road over three...

Magazine stated, "Bright as Blasphemy isn’t a reinvention so much as a refinement: a veteran band taking stock of their strengths, pushing the edges of...

commissioning of a new sculpture in its place. The initially unnamed cube is a refinement of Alamo, with a revolving mechanism that allows the sculpture to spin...

timing are constantly varied to match the load on the engine to improve refinement. The engine uses Variable Geometry Induction, whereby air induction pipe...

Zúñiga is a Chilean computer scientist known for her research in mesh refinement for the finite element method. She is a professor of computer science...

normally he should have started". Picasso's technique of progressive refinement inspired Andre Minaux in his lithography. The series was made in an edition...

hand perfect equilibrium, or simply perfect equilibrium, is a type of refinement of a Nash equilibrium that was first proposed by Reinhard Selten. A trembling...

Gujarat. As a Member of Parliament from Jharkhand, he worked towards the refinement of the villages he adopted under the PMSAGY scheme. Born on 1 February...

architecture (MDA) Domain-specific language (DSL) Model transformation language Refinement Transformation (disambiguation) Program transformation Data transformation...

into silicon at high temperatures. An emerging, alternative process of refinement uses a fluidized bed reactor, which is lower in cost. The photovoltaic...

Executive Officer of the AMBC. On July 1, 1930, Grant provided the CFA with a refinement of plans for the eastern approaches. At this meeting, the CFA again approved...

greater volume and the rise of virtuoso composer-performers—spurred further refinement. Increased sophistication, both in manufacturing techniques and acoustical...

Deutsche Werke in the early 1920s, but was later improved by Walther, with refinements being made to the original design such as the addition of new parts like...

an officer of Napoleon's Irish Legion). In August 1797, their military refinement of the New System retained a measure of democratic practice. Townland...

in response to these objections, but Madhyamaka maintains that such refinements remain dependent on conceptual imputation rather than ontological necessity...

working classes. They rejected the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles which served the rapidly declining aristocratic order...

his machines and the various improvements that he made to them, his refinements to the electrostatic generator led to its becoming widely known as the...

used only temporarily to hold cloth in place prior to sewing, no further refinement has been considered necessary. However, some modern specialty pins are...

catalogues the mechanics of contemporary music work—rehearsals, studio refinement, media blocks, travel routines—and juxtaposes them with the ordinary tempo...

developed in isolation from non-Soviet certificating authorities. Various refinements and modifications were made between the first prototype and production...

2 Rh(O2C5H7)(CO)2 + 2 NaCl Huq, Fazlul; Skapski, Andrzej C. (1974). "Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Acetylacetonatodicarbonylrhodium(I)". Journal...

2025. James, Johnny (June 22, 2022). "Fredericton's Motherhood Make Refinement a Breeze on 'Winded'". Exclaim!. Retrieved April 12, 2025. Lapierre, Megan...

ISBN 978-0-521-45055-3. Jim Woodcock and Jim Davies, Using Z: Specification, Refinement, and Proof. Prentice-Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1996...

as maternal role attainment. Mercer has contributed many works to the refinement of this theory and is credited as a nurse-theorist. She was the Nahm Lecturer...

organisations rely on heuristics in an adaptive way. Heuristics, through greater refinement and research, have begun to be applied to other theories, or be explained...

finer than (or refines) C; likewise, C is coarser than (or coarsens) B. Refinement is a preorder on the set of prefilters. In fact, if C also refines B,...

fastidious, maundering, die-away effeminacy, which is mistaken for purity and refinement". John Cornwell comments that "the notion of Newman's effeminacy tells...

ventral tray. The second prototype, S-2, introduced some aerodynamic refinements. Testing was complicated by the unreliable engine, and S-1 was lost in...

that this ambivalence is a result of the "change in the taste and the 'refinement' spreading to, and in, the rising middle class" in the early 19th century...

is expected to emerge as a limit of refinement of the discretization. Furthermore, in the process of refinement, DDG places an emphasis on the so-called...

2021 typology, military disobedience can take four forms: "defiance, refinement, grudging obedience, and exit." A 2019 study argued that military disobedience...

for this source at VizieR. Hill, Michelle L.; et al. (2020). "Orbital Refinement and Stellar Properties for the HD 9446, HD 43691, and HD 179079 Planetary...

construction was done, without use of an architect or non-essential decorative refinements. Architectural plans for part of the complex might have been purchased...

courtesan who recast virtue as intellectual integrity and offered wit and refinement in return for patronage and a place in public life?" Veronica Franco (1546–1591)...

and couvillion. The New York Times lauded the restaurant's "cunning refinements to common dishes," such as "fried catfish set under a drift of chopped...

refer to: The state of having or expressing a good education (bildung), refinement, culture, or high culture Gardening The controlled growing of organisms...

strong conventions, vase-painters achieved remarkable results, combining refinement and powerful expression. White ground technique allowed more freedom in...

general agreement; for both the general run of men and people of superior refinement say that it is [eudaimonia], and identify living well and faring well...

than two decades. During this time, he has contributed to the design and refinement of Apple's core operating systems, including macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS...

Journal Blog. Mariani, John. "Essential By Christophe Proves The Enduring Refinement Of Modern French Cuisine In New York". "Essential by Christophe is the...

of building blocks Force fields: Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) 94, 96, 99SB, 03; Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations...

argued that it needs to be reformed. In July 2019, he again called for the refinement of capitalism and called wealth inequality a national emergency. In May...

hour: FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O → FeOCl + 5 H2O + 2 HCl Lind, M. D. (1970-08-15). "Refinement of the crystal structure of iron oxychloride". Acta Crystallographica...

The design elements vary among these ethnic groups, with the greatest refinement being found among the Maranao. The origins of okir are pre-Islamic. They...

economic significance of matcha, which had long been a symbol of elite refinement and ceremonial practice. Tea producers in Uji, who had enjoyed exclusive...