Richard Louis Trumka (July 24, 1949 – August 5, 2021) was an American attorney and organized labor leader. He served as president of the United Mine Workers from 1982 to 1995, and then was secretary-general of the AFL-CIO from 1995 to 2009. He was elected president of the AFL-CIO on September 16, 2009, at the federation's convention in Pittsburgh, and served in that position until his death.[1][2]
From 1974 to 1979, Trumka was a staff attorney with the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) at their headquarters in Washington, D.C.[4] He was elected as the International Executive Board Member of UMWA from District 4 in 1981 and became president of the UMWA in 1982.[4]
Trumka's election against incumbent president Sam Church were some 3000 women miners who were hired after successful 1978 discrimination complaint brought by the Department of LaborOffice of Federal Contract Compliance Program and the Coal Employment Project, a women’s advocacy organization. Named were 153 companies. Church had responded with an off-color joke when pressed by the women for the addition to the contract for affirmative action and improved sickness and accident coverage.[7][8]
Under Trumka's tenure support for women miners changed substantially. The union officially endorsed the CEP Annual Conference, and Trumka was the keynote speaker in 1983. Trumka approved excused absences for women to attend CEP conferences and sent letters to local unions urging them to send women to the conferences.[7][8]
While President of the UMWA, Trumka led a successful nine-month strike against the Pittston Coal Company in 1989, which became a symbol of resistance against employer cutbacks and retrenchment for the entire labor movement.[9] A major issue in the dispute was Pittston's refusal to pay into the industry-wide health and retirement fund created in 1950.[10] Trumka encouraged nonviolent civil disobedience to confront the company.[11]
The United Mine Workers conducted a nationwide strike against Peabody Coal in 1993. Trumka was asked to respond to the possibility that some coal companies might hire permanent replacement workers.[12] He told the Associated Press in September 1993, "I'm saying if you strike a match and you put your finger in it, you're likely to get burned."[13] He also said, "That doesn't mean I'm threatening to burn you. That just means if you strike the match, and you put your finger in it, common sense will tell you it'll burn your finger. Common sense will tell you that in these strikes, that when you inject scabs, a number of things happen. And a confrontation is one of the potentials that can happen. Do I want it to happen? Absolutely not. Do I think it can happen? Yes, I think it can happen."[12] The Associated Press reported that he was not threatening violence and that he had said that UMWA staff had spent "thousands of man hours trying to prevent anything from happening ... to our members or by our members."[14]
Besides his domestic labor activities, Trumka established an office that raised U.S. mineworker solidarity with the miners in South Africa while they were fighting apartheid.[15] He further helped organize the U.S. Shellboycott, which challenged the multinational Royal Dutch Shell Group for its continued business dealings in South Africa.[16] For these steps, Trumka received the 1990 Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award.[17]
AFL–CIO secretary-treasurer
As secretary-treasurer of the AFL–CIO, Trumka focused on creating investment programs for the pension and benefit funds of the labor movement, capital market strategies,[18] and demanding corporate accountability to America's communities. He chaired the AFL–CIO Industrial Union Council, a consortium of manufacturing unions focusing on key issues in trade, health care, and labor law reform. He co-chaired the China Currency Coalition, an alliance of industry, agriculture, services, and worker organizations whose stated mission is to support U.S. manufacturing.[19]
Trumka's tenure as secretary-treasurer was not without controversy. In 1996, Teamsters president Ron Carey was locked in a tight reelection battle with James P. Hoffa, son of disappeared Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa and a long-time Teamsters union attorney. Hoffa was also out-raising Carey in funds by more than 4-to-1, but the Carey campaign was convinced it could win if the campaign could bypass the local leadership (which supported Hoffa) and get his message directly to Teamsters members.[20] Martin Davis, a Carey campaign consultant who owned The November Group (a direct-marketing company), allegedly contacted Trumka in the summer of 1996 and concocted a scheme whereby the Teamsters would donate $150,000 to the AFL–CIO for spurious get-out-the-vote efforts and the AFL–CIO would pay the same amount to Citizen Action (a liberal grassroots lobbying and organizing group).[20] Citizen Action would then pay $100,000 to The November Group, which would use the cash to finance Carey's direct marketing effort.[21][22][23] The alleged scheme was revealed on August 22, 1997, by a federal government official overseeing the Teamsters' election.[23][24] The federal government overturned Carey's successful reelection, and ordered a new election.[25] On November 17, 1997, a federal official disqualified Carey from seeking elective office in the union.[21] Carey was indicted on federal perjury charges in January 2001,[26] pleaded not guilty,[27] and was found not guilty on all charges on October 12, 2001.[28] Trumka invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination during the government's grand jury investigation and a congressional panel, and was never charged with any crimes.[29][30][31]
Although the AFL–CIO had a policy (enacted in the wake of several Teamsters' scandals in the late 1950s) appearing to require anyone who asserted their Fifth Amendment rights to be removed from office, AFL–CIO President John Sweeney wrote in a letter sent to AFL–CIO member unions in November 1997 that the AFL–CIO policy regarding assertion of Fifth Amendment rights had "never been applied by the federation".[32] The letter went on to say that "The policy calls for removal only when the union determines that the Fifth Amendment is being invoked to conceal discovery of corruption. The AFL–CIO, as you know, has for some time been conducting its own internal inquiry and has no basis to conclude that there was any unlawful conduct by Secretary-Treasurer Trumka. [...] It is clear that the policy does not apply."[32] During testimony before a congressional subcommittee on April 30, 1998, Sweeney said that a December 1957 resolution adopted by the AFL–CIO amended the policy so that it would not be automatically invoked but rather applied only if the invocation of Fifth Amendment rights were used "as a shield to avoid discovery of corruption".[30][33] The labor federation appeared satisfied that Trumka should not step down. After Trumka spoke to an executive session of the AFL–CIO Executive Board in January 1998, board members said their concerns about Trumka's involvement in the scandal had been alleviated.[34] On April 30, 1998, Sweeney said no evidence had yet come to light indicating any wrongdoing by Trumka.[30]
On July 1, 2008, Trumka delivered a speech denouncing racism in the 2008 presidential election.[5][35] An ad of July 1, 2009, a video with an excerpt of the speech, attracted more than 535,000 hits on YouTube.[5] Trumka's video was called "surely the first YouTube moment in the history" of the labor movement by ProPublica journalist Alec MacGillis.[36]
In March 2013, Trumka confirmed that organized labor would make an effort to work more closely with groups trying to aid immigrant workers, as the national debate on minimum wage and fair employment in the restaurant industry heated up.[39]
On August 15, 2017, a few days after the Unite the Right rally and then U.S. President Donald Trump's broadly criticized statements, Trumka quit the president's "manufacturing council" and published a statement, which included the following:
We cannot sit in a council for a President who tolerates bigotry and domestic terrorism. [...] President Trump's remarks today repudiate his forced remarks yesterday about the KKK and neo-Nazis, [...] We must resign on behalf of America's working people, who reject all notions of legitimacy of these bigoted groups.[40]
On February 4, 2018, Trumka was announced to be the first recipient of the World Peace Prize for Labor Leadership because he has dedicated his life to the cause of labor and labor rights, seeking equality, and defending the rights of working men and women.[41]
^Frank Swoboda, "Coal Miner Strike Was Symbol for Labor Movement," Washington Post, January 2, 1990.
^Swoboda, Frank (January 2, 1990). "AGREEMENT REACHED IN COAL STRIKE". Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2021. At the heart of the dispute was the industry-wide health and retirement fund created in 1950 by John L. Lewis, the late UMW president. ... Pittston, which pulled out of the coal operators association in the last round of industry negotiations, has refused to pay into any of the funds since February 1988, leaving other companies in the association to pay for former Pittston employees covered by the fund.
^"FACTBOX-Former miner Trumka heads for AFL-CIO presidency". Reuters. September 11, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2021. He led a successful 1989 strike against the Pittston Coal Co., which refused to contribute to a health and retirement fund. Trumka urged a broad range of strike actions including nonviolent civil disobedience that resulted in the arrest of thousands of strikers.
^"Teamster Aide's Conviction May Lead to Fraud." Detroit News. November 21, 1999.
^ abSammon, Bill. "House Subcommittee Cancels AFL-CIO Officials' Testimony." Washington Times. April 30, 1998.
^Sweeney's testimony was paraphrased by the Associated Press to the same effect. See: Galvin, Kevin. "AFL-CIO Head Defends Aide." Associated Press. April 30, 1998.
