Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Roger Degueldre

Roger Degueldre
Born19 May 1925
Died6 July 1962 (aged 37)
Cause of deathExecution by firing squad
OrganizationOrganisation armée secrète
Known forLeader of the Commando Delta
Conviction(s)Mass murder
Criminal penaltyDeath

Lieutenant Roger Hercule Gustave Degueldre (19 May 1925 – 6 July 1962) was a French officer who was the leader of the OAS Delta Commandos in the last months of French rule in Algeria. The Commandos were responsible for attempting to ethnically cleanse the Pied-Noir neighborhoods of Algerians, as well as assassinating those considered "soft" or traitors to the cause of French Algeria.[1]

Degueldre was convicted and executed for his involvement in over 20 murders. At his court-martial, prosecutors showed that he'd been the leader of the death squads, and issued orders for the OAS to kill any isolated Muslims whom they found in the streets.[2]

Early life

There is some dispute about his origins but Jonathan Meades claimed that there was much 'disinformation' by the authorities to discredit him.[3] For example, there were allegations that he was a Belgian collaborator with the SS during World War II.[4]

He was born in Louvroil, Nord, France, a few kilometres from the Belgian border, into a working-class family. His father was a railway worker. When the Germans invaded in 1940, the family fled to the south of France.

Career

In 1942 Degueldre clandestinely entered the occupied zone to join the French Resistance under Roger Pannequin and engaged the 10th German Motorized Infantry Division at Colmar in January 1945. He then joined French Foreign Legion, under the name of Roger "Legueldre" with a claimed birth on 18 September 1925 in Gruyeres in Switzerland. As a foreigner he would be eligible to join the Foreign Legion.[5] His identity was formally corrected in 1955. He reached the rank of warrant officer in Indo-China and was received the Croix de Guerre des Théâtres d'Opérations Extérieures. After the battle of Điện Biên Phủ, he transferred to the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment and was assigned to the Algerian conflict. He was made an officer and a knight of Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour).

While defending French Algeria in 1960, he was suspected of having taken part in a failed plot against General de Gaulle shortly after his visit in Algiers. He was transferred to the 4th Foreign Regiment. He became convinced of the need for an armed struggle and deserted to operate under cover gaining a reputation for ruthlessness. He recruited Albert Dovecar as his lieutenant along with as many as 500 others.[5] In 1961, he established a force called the Delta Commandos of the Organisation armée secrète (OAS). On 15 March 1962 the group attacked Chateau-Royale in El-Biar close to Algiers and shot six leaders of the Educational Social Centers of Algeria (three French and three Algerian) on the grounds that the centres were believed to be directing resistance to French rule. Among those killed was Mouloud Feraoun.[6] Overall, is estimated that Degueldre's group were responsible for 20 to 30 deaths.[7]

Arrest and death

Degueldre was arrested on 7 April 1962, condemned to death for his complicity in more than 20 murders on 28 June. At his court-martial, prosecutors showed that he was the leader of the death squads, and had issued orders for the OAS to kill any isolated Muslims whom they found in the streets. Other attacks linked to Degueldre were the bombings of buildings, machine-gunning of Arab cafes, and the murder of a Muslim cab driver.[2]

Degueldre was executed by firing squad in the Fort d'Ivry near Paris on 6 July.[8] Three officers appointed to command the firing squad refused and were each imprisoned for 15 days and demoted.[9] Fifteen other soldiers were disciplined for refusing to form the firing squad.[10] Only one bullet from the 11-man firing squad hit Degueldre. The officer in charge emptied his revolver into Degueldre, who survived all of the shots. The officer had to get a second weapon to finish the execution, which took a total of 20 minutes.[11] He is buried in the Gonards cemetery in Versailles.[12] His partner, Nicole Gardy, was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for her part in an escape plot but fled with her family to Argentina. Amongst them was her uncle, OAS commander Paul Gardy, who was killed in a car accident in 1975.[13]

Homages and memorials

In November 1978, Jean-Marie Le Pen, president of the Front National, in his closing speech at the fifth congress of that movement, gave a homage to both Bastien-Thiry and Roger Degueldre.[14] Bastien-Thiry was executed by firing-squad in 1963 for organising the attempted assassination of General de Gaulle.

In Marignane there is a memorial to the members of the OAS terrorist organisation inaugurated on 6 July 2005, 43 years to the day after the execution of Roger Degueldre.[15] In Nice, in the municipal Alsace-Lorraine park, there is a plaque on a monument dedicated to French Algeria, inaugurated on 25 February 1973, in the presence of Jacques Médecin, mayor of Nice, with the inscription "Roger Degueldre Symbole de l'Algérie Française".[16]

References

  1. ^ Horne, Alistair (1977–2006). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962. New York Review of Books. p. 483. ISBN 978-1-59017-218-6.
  2. ^ a b "Roger Degueldre". The Salt Lake Tribune. 29 June 1962. p. 19. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  3. ^ BBC TV Programme, Jonathan Meades on France, 18 January 2012
  4. ^ Paul Henissart (1971). Wolves in the City: The Death of French Algeria. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-246-64002-2.
  5. ^ a b Horne, Alistair (1977–2006). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962. New York Review of Books. p. 483. ISBN 9781590172186.
  6. ^ "L'assassinat de Château-Royal". Le Monde diplomatique (in French). October 1992. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  7. ^ Guibert, Vincent (2000). Les Commandos Delta. Curutchet. ISBN 2-912932-26-2.
  8. ^ "Lethbridge Herald Newspaper Archives, Jul 6, 1962, p. 1". NewspaperArchive.com. 6 July 1962. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  9. ^ Bail, Raymond Muelle, Appelés en Algérie, Trésor du Patrimoine, 2001, page 101.
  10. ^ "Deltas & Collines :: Le REFUS d'OBEIR :: Capitaines_BALBY_de_VERNON_CABANNE_MARTET". deltas-collines.org. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  11. ^ Méfret, Jean-Pax (2007). 1962 L'Été du Malheur. Pygmalion. ISBN 978-2-7564-0131-7.
  12. ^ Pouillot, Henri. "Versailles (78) - Roger Degueldre" (in French). Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  13. ^ "Le général Paul Gardy est mort en Argentine". Le Monde.fr (in French). 29 October 1975. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  14. ^ Colombani, Jean-Marie (14 November 1978). "Le Front National". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  15. ^ "L'OAS a Marignane". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2005. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  16. ^ "le mémorial des rapatriés à Nice" (in French). 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022..

Read other articles:

Sebastian Jung Jung pada 2010.Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Sebastian Alexander JungTanggal lahir 22 Juni 1990 (umur 33)Tempat lahir Königstein im Taunus, Jerman BaratTinggi 1,79 m (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Bek kananInformasi klubKlub saat ini VfL WolfsburgNomor 24Karier junior1994–1998 1. FC Königstein1998–2009 Eintracht FrankfurtKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2008–2009 Eintracht Frankfurt II 30 (1)2009–2014 Eintracht Frankfurt 148 (4)2014– VfL Wo…

This article is about the DC Comics series. For the group of characters loosely known as the Batman family, see List of Batman supporting characters. Batman FamilyVarious members of the Batman Family on the cover of Batman Family #17 (May 1978). Art by Michael Kaluta and Tatjana Wood.Publication informationPublisherDC ComicsScheduleBi-monthlyFormatOngoing seriesPublication dateSeptember–October 1975 – October–November 1978No. of issues20, then 15 more in Detective Comics #481–495 (Decemb…

Paul DanoDano di acara Festival Film Cannes tahun 2015LahirPaul Franklin Dano19 Juni 1984 (umur 39)Kota New York, New York, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktor, produser, penyanyi, musisiTahun aktif1998-sekarangPasanganZoe Kazan (2007–sekarang) Paul Franklin Dano (/ˈdeɪnoʊ/) (lahir 19 Juni 1984)[1] merupakan seorang aktor, produser, penyanyi dan musisi Amerika Serikat. Ia memulai kariernya di teater Broadway sebelum memulai perannya dalam film The Newcomers (2000). Ia memenangka…

Квентин Массейс Уродливая герцогиня. ок. 1513 англ. Amorfus Woman[1] Дерево, масло. 62,4 × 45,5 см Национальная галерея, Лондон (инв. NG5769)  Медиафайлы на Викискладе «Уродливая герцогиня» — картина Квентина Массейса, хранящаяся в Лондонской национальной галерее. �…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Kahn. Axel KahnAxel Kahn en 2015.FonctionsPrésidentLigue nationale contre le cancer28 juin 2019 - 11 mai 2021Jacqueline Godet (d)Daniel NizriPrésidentComité consultatif commun d’éthique Inrae-Cirad-Ifremer-Ird (d)2016-2021Louis SchweitzerPrésidentParisbiotech Santé2009-2016Président d'universitéUniversité Paris-Descartes20 décembre 2007 - 20 décembre 2011Jean-François DhainautFrédéric DardelVice-présidentCommission de génie génétique1990-1995…

American politician For the federal judges, see James Maxwell Moody and James M. Moody Jr.. James M. Moody, US Representative from North Carolina James Montraville Moody (February 12, 1858 – February 5, 1903) was a United States Representative from North Carolina. Moody was born near what is now Robbinsville, Graham (then Cherokee) County, North Carolina, February 12, 1858 and moved with his parents to Haywood County. He attended the common schools and Waynesville Academy, also Candler College…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marie et Béarn (homonymie). Marie de BéarnTitre de noblesseVicomtesse de Béarn1170-1171Prédécesseur Gaston V de BéarnSuccesseur Gaston VI de BéarnBiographieNaissance Vers 1145Décès 1186 ou après 1187Famille Gabbaret (d)Père Pierre I de BéarnMère Matelle de Baux (d)Fratrie Gaston V de BéarnConjoint Guillaume de MoncadeEnfants Gaston VI de BéarnGuillaume Ier de Béarnmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Arbre…

Young adult novel by Mal Peet The Penalty First edition coverAuthorMal PeetCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishSeriesPaul FaustinoGenreYoung adult sports novelPublisherWalker BooksPublication date2 October 2006Media typePrint (hardcover & paperback)Pages264 pp (first edition)ISBN1-84428-099-3OCLC70672530LC ClassPZ7.P3564 Pen 2007[1]Preceded byKeeper Followed byExposure  The Penalty is a sports novel for young adults by Mal Peet, published by Walker Books…

Scientific society in Washington, D.C. The Philosophical Society of WashingtonFormationMarch 13, 1871; 153 years ago (1871-03-13)FounderJoseph HenryLocationCosmos Club in Washington, D.C., U.S.PresidentLarry MillsteinWebsitepswscience.org Joseph Henry, the society's first president Founded in 1871, the Philosophical Society of Washington is the oldest scientific society in Washington, D.C. It continues today as PSW Science. Since 1887, the Society has met regularly in the assem…

周處除三害The Pig, The Snake and The Pigeon正式版海報基本资料导演黃精甫监制李烈黃江豐動作指導洪昰顥编剧黃精甫主演阮經天袁富華陳以文王淨李李仁謝瓊煖配乐盧律銘林孝親林思妤保卜摄影王金城剪辑黃精甫林雍益制片商一種態度電影股份有限公司片长134分鐘产地 臺灣语言國語粵語台語上映及发行上映日期 2023年10月6日 (2023-10-06)(台灣) 2023年11月2日 (2023-11-02)(香港、…

عيد أبو الحمد معلومات شخصية مواطنة مصر  الحياة العملية المهنة ممثل  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   عيد أبو الحمد ممثل مصري.[1][2][3] عن حياته كان لبساطة ملامحه سببا قويا في تميزه بأداء الأدوار الكادحة والتي عانت كثيرا في حياتها راضية بقليلها انه الممثل عيد أبو الحمد ال…

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддійсь…

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддійсь…

Diagram yang menggambarkan dualisme properti. Dualisme properti adalah pendekatan dalam filsafat budi yang meyakini bahwa walaupun alam semesta hanya terdiri dari satu substansi fisik, terdapat dua jenis properti yang berbeda, yaitu properti fisik dan budi. Dalam kata lain, menurut pendekatan ini properti budi (seperti kepercayana, keinginan, dan emosi) merupakan bagian dari substansi fisik (yaitu otak). Di sisi lain, dualisme substansi merupakan pandangan bahwa terdapat dua jenis substansi, yai…

Orsara Bormida komune di Italia Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaDaerah di ItaliaPiemonteProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Alessandria NegaraItalia Ibu kotaOrsara Bormida PendudukTotal388  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah5,1 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian220 m Berbatasan denganMontaldo Bormida Rivalta Bormida Trisobbio Morsasco Strevi SejarahHari liburpatronal festival Santo pelindungMartinus dari Tours Informasi tambahanKode pos15010 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0144 ID ISTAT006119 K…

This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Roger Glover – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) British bassist (born 1945) Rog…

1949 film Don't Play with LovePaul Klinger and Bruni LöbelDirected byHans DeppeWritten byGustav Kampendonk (play)Karl Georg KülbProduced byArtur BraunerMax KoslowskiStarringLil DagoverAlbrecht SchoenhalsBruni LöbelCinematographyEkkehard KyrathEdited byJohanna MeiselMusic byFranz GrotheProductioncompanyCCC FilmsDistributed bySchorcht FilmverleihRelease date 23 November 1949 (1949-11-23) Running time89 minutesCountryWest GermanyLanguageGerman Don't Play with Love (German: Man spi…

ما تيجي نرقصمعلومات عامةتاريخ الصدور 1 مارس 2006اللغة الأصلية العربيةالبلد  مصرالطاقمالمخرج إيناس الدغيديالكاتب أسامة فهميالبطولة يسراعزت أبو عوفتامر هجرسهالة صدقيطلعت زينصناعة سينمائيةالمنتج شركة فايف ستارزالتوزيع الأخوة المتحدين للسينما (داخلي)روتانا للإنتاج السين�…

Short video game often contained within another video game This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Minigame – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A beachstickball minigame in A Short Hike A minigame (also spelled mini game and mini-game, …

Oracomune(IT) Ora(DE) Auer Ora – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Trentino-Alto Adige Provincia Bolzano AmministrazioneSindacoMartin Feichter (lista civica Bürgerliste Auer) dal 22-9-2020 Lingue ufficialiItaliano, Tedesco TerritorioCoordinate46°20′48.73″N 11°17′50.89″E46°20′48.73″N, 11°17′50.89″E (Ora) Altitudine242 m s.l.m. Superficie11,79 km² Abitanti3 888[2] (31-12-2020) Densità329,77 ab./km² Comuni conf…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya