St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)

	St. Bartholomew's Church; and Community House
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	New York State Register of Historic Places
	New York City Landmark No. 0275
	St. Bartholomew Episcopal Church in 2012
Location	109 E. 50th St.; Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates	40°45′26″N 73°58′25″W / 40.75722°N 73.97361°W
Area	1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built	1903
Architect	Bertram Goodhue; McKim, Mead & White
Architectural style	Romanesque Revival, Byzantine Revival
Website	stbarts.org
NRHP reference No.	80002719
NYSRHP No.	06101.000091
NYCL No.	0275
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	April 16, 1980
Designated NHL	October 31, 2016
Designated NYSRHP	June 23, 1980
Designated NYCL	March 16, 1967

St. Bartholomew's Church, commonly called St. Bart's, is a historic Episcopal parish founded in January 1835, and located on the east side of Park Avenue between 50th and 51st Street in Midtown Manhattan, in New York City. In 2018, the church celebrated the centennial of its first service in its Park Avenue home.^[3]

In 2020, it reported 2,196 members, average attendance of 386, and $2,791,353 in plate and pledge income.

On October 31, 2016, the St. Bartholomew's Church and Community House complex was designated a National Historic Landmark, for its significance as an important example of early 20th-century ecclesiastical architecture designed by Bertram Goodhue.^[4]

Former structures

The congregation's first location was opened for service in January 1835, in a plain church at the corner of Great Jones Street and fashionable Lafayette Place.

The second location, built from 1872 to 1876^[5] at the southwest corner of Madison Avenue and East 44th Street,^[6]^[7] was designed by James Renwick, the architect of St. Patrick's Cathedral, in the Lombardic style.^[5] The building was embellished in 1902–1903 with a triple French Romanesque Revival portal by Stanford White,^[8] who took as his inspiration the church of Saint-Gilles, Gard, between Arles and Nîmes, which White had admired in 1878; the sculptures in the tympana are Renaissance-inspired. The portal was paid for by the family of Cornelius Vanderbilt II as a memorial; Vanderbilt's father, William H. Vanderbilt, had sold the site to the church.^[5] The magnificent bronze doors, with bas-reliefs in panels depicting episodes from the Old and New Testaments, were carried out by some of New York's established sculptors: Andrew O'Connor, working freely under the general direction of Daniel Chester French,^[a] executed the main door; the south door was executed by Herbert Adams, the north door by Philip Martiny.

Present structure

The current church was erected in 1916–17. The original freely handled and simplified Byzantine Revival design by Bertram Goodhue was called "a jewel in a monumental setting" by Christine Smith in 1988.^[9] Goodhue modified his design in response to the requirement that the old church portal, beloved by the parishioners, be preserved, with its bronze doors, from the Madison Avenue building and re-erected on the new site.

The foundation stone of Goodhue's original design, a vast, unified barrel-vaulted^[b] space, without side aisles or chapels and with severely reduced transepts, was laid May 1, 1917^[10] and the construction was sufficiently far along for the church to be consecrated in 1918; its design was altered during construction, after Goodhue's sudden, unexpected death in 1924, by his office associates, in partnership as Mayers, Murray and Philips; they were engaged in erecting the community house, continuing with the same materials, subtly variegated salmon and cream-colored bricks and creamy Indiana limestone; they designed the terrace that still provides the equivalent of a small square, surrounded by the cliff-like facades of Midtown commercial structures; in summer, supplied with umbrellas and tables, it becomes the outside dining area for the restaurant, Inside Park. They also inserted the "much discussed"^[6] dome, tile-patterned on the exterior and with a polychrome Hispano-Moresque interior dome, which substituted for the spire that had been planned but never built.^[c] Completed in 1930, the church contains stained-glass windows and mosaics by Hildreth Meiere, and a marble baptismal font by the Danish follower of Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen. St. Bartholomew's was completed at a cost of $5.4 million.^[6]

The church is known for a wide range of programs. It draws parishioners from all areas of New York City and surroundings. It is the final resting place for actresses Lillian Gish (1893–1993), Dorothy Gish (1898–1968), and their mother Mary Gish (1876–1948).

Landmark status

Saint Bartholomew's Church and Community House was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967,^[12] a move opposed at the time by the rector and vestry. Beginning in 1981, St. Bartholomew's found itself the subject of a much-publicized case concerning air rights in the highly-competitive New York real estate market clashing with historical preservation. Some of the members of the parish wanted to replace the community house and open terrace with a high-rise commercial structure that would re-capitalize the parish's depleted funds. Following a series of public hearings, the Landmarks Preservation Commission turned down the plans for a high-rise office building. The church unsuccessfully argued before the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Manhattan that the Landmark designation violated their constitutional rights. That decision was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which eventually resolved the matter in favor of the Landmarks Commission in 1991 by declining to hear the appeal.^[13]

In 1992, with the parish's support, the St Bartholomew's Preservation Foundation was established. After a two-year fund drive, restoration of the St. Bartholomew's site began. Leaking roof drains were made watertight, the iconic dome was temporarily secured, and the Great Terrace and 50th Street wall were rebuilt. "Inside Park," the site's popular restaurant, also opened in 1992. In 2012, the wholly independent St. Bartholomew's Conservancy replaced the St. Bartholomew's Preservation Foundation.

The National Historic Landmarks Committee of the National Park Service Advisory Board unanimously recommended that the St. Bartholomew's site be designated a National Historic Landmark, citing its importance as an exceptional work of architecture and art. On November 2, 2016, St. Bartholomew's Church and Community House were designated a National Historic Landmark.^[13] Restoration of the church's iconic dome was completed in 2017.^[14]

Music

One of the church's former choir-directors was the famous conductor Leopold Stokowski, who was brought from the United Kingdom by St. Bart's; he was followed by the organist-choirmaster David McKinley Williams. St. Bartholomew's is noted for its Skinner Organ Company pipe organ, the largest in New York and among the largest in the world. It was dedicated in a concert December 9, 1930, in a concert given by Williams.^[15] Another of the church's music directors was Harold Friedell, the well-known composer and Juilliard educator. The church's renowned choir has maintained its distinction under the direction of conductors such as organist-music director Jack Ossewaarde, William Trafka and James Litton. The Chorister Program has also had success in bringing together children ages 6–18 to sing in the church, and has been featured on shows such as The Today Show and Good Morning America.

In popular culture

In the 1981 movie Arthur, Arthur's (Dudley Moore) wedding with Susan Johnson (Jill Eikenberry) was to take place at St. Bart's. The infamous wedding scene in the remake of the same film was also filmed at St. Bart's in July 2010.
In the 1995 movie It Takes Two, the wedding of Roger Callaway (Steve Guttenberg) during the film's climax is at St. Bartholomew's.
In the 2010 film Salt, the Russian President is supposedly killed in the church while delivering a eulogy at the funeral of the late American Vice President.
In the television series Mad Men, Margaret Sterling, the daughter of Roger Sterling, plans to marry in the church.
In the television series Everything's Gonna Be Okay , Matilda, Genevieve, and Nicholas visit the church during their visit to New York.

Gallery

View from the north on Park Avenue
First stained glass window from the entrance on the north side of the church.
Stained glass rose window over balcony overlooking the pews.
Facing west, silhouette of the organ against stained glass panels in balcony.
The central altar, the choir, and the high altar in the chancel
Angel praying towards relief of the Last Supper in the baptismal chamber north of the altar.
Gallery Organ
North Chancel Organ
South Chancel Organ
Interior of the dome

References

Notes

^ O'Connor was a primary assistant of French.
^ The church makes much use of Guastavino tile for its vaulting.
^ In Goodhue's former studio at 2 West 47th Street, Christopher Gray noted the discovery of "a photograph of the office's reception room containing a huge model of St. Bartholomew's with a giant spire that was never built."^[11]

Citations

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. November 7, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
^ "St. Barts 100 | St. Bart's". stbarts.org. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
^ "Secretary Jewell, Director Jarvis Announce 10 New National Historic Landmarks Illustrating America's Diverse History, Culture". Department of the Interior. November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dunlap, David W. (2004). From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12543-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Federal Writers' Project (1939). New York City Guide. New York: Random House. p. 236f. ISBN 978-1-60354-055-1. (Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City.)
^ Gray, Christopher (October 8, 2006). "Time and Gravity Take a Toll on St. Bartholomew's Church". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
^ "St. Bartholomew's History." Archived April 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine From the church Web site. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
^ Smith, Christine (1988). St. Bartholomew's Church in the City of New York. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505406-4. OCLC 17652455. (The book discusses Goodhue's use of his sources and the technology of early twentieth-century construction, drawing from parish records and Goodhue's office papers.){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ To the Glory of God this foundation stone was laid on the first day of May in the Year of our Lord MD CCCC XVII and of the Reformation The Four Hundredth by the Right Reverend David Hummel Greer - Bishop of New York - Sometime Rector of this Parish (Foundation stone)
^ Gray, Christopher (April 16, 2000). "Streetscapes/2 West 47th Street, the Office of R. O. Blechman; One Artist Preserves the 1912 Studio of Another". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
^ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1.
^ ^a ^b "History - St. Bartholomew's Conservancy". www.stbconservancy.org. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
^ Norfleet, Chris (September 27, 2017). "St. Bart's Dome Restoration". stbarts.org. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
^ "Looking Back Into the Past" (PDF). The Diapason. 47 (2): 22. January 1, 1956.