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Alfabeto tibetano

Storia dell'alfabeto

Media età del bronzo XIX secolo a.C.

Meroitico III secolo a.C.
Ogamico IV secolo d.C.
Scrittura mongola 1204 d.C.
Hangŭl 1443 d.C.
Sillabico canadese 1840 d.C.
Deseret 1850 d.C.
Zhuyin 1913 d.C.
Ol Chiki 1925 d.C.
Mandombe 1978 d.C.
Testo tibetano

L'alfabeto tibetano è un alfabeto utilizzato per scrivere la lingua tibetana, la lingua dzongkha, la lingua ladakhi e a volte anche la lingua balti.

La scrittura è romanizzata secondo diversi sistemi. Uno dei più comuni in ambito accademico è il sistema Wylie, utilizzato anche per questo articolo.

Storia

L'invenzione dell'alfabeto tibetano è attribuita a Thonmi Sambhota nella metà del VII secolo. Secondo la tradizione Thonmi Sambhota, un ministro di Songtsen Gampo (569-649), fu inviato in India per studiare l'arte della scrittura che introdusse in Tibet. La forma delle lettere è infatti basata su un alfabeto indiano di quel periodo, ma quale tra i vari presenti all'epoca rimane oggetto di controversie.

Ci sono tre sistemi ortografici standardizzati dopo l'invenzione della scrittura. Il più importante, utilizzato per la traslitterazione delle scritture buddhiste, fu elaborato nel corso del IX secolo. L'ortografia tibetana non fu più alterata da allora, nonostante i cambiamenti sul piano della lingua parlata. Questo ricade anche sulle traslitterazioni: ad esempio "བཀའ་བརྒྱུད"་, (il lignaggio della "Trasmissione Orale", una delle 4 principali scuole del Buddhismo tibetano), "Kagyu" (lingua parlata) si traslittera "Bka'.brgyud" (lingua scritta).

Descrizione

L'alfabeto tibetano ha 30 consonanti. Le vocali sono a, i, u, e, o. Come in altre scritture indiane ogni consonante include una "a", mentre le altre vocali sono scritte con altri segni.

Traslitterazione Wylie delle consonanti tibetane
Traslitterazione Wylie delle vocali tibetane
ka kha ga nga
ca cha ja nya
ta tha da na
pa pha ba ma
tsa tsha dza wa
zha za 'a ya
ra la sha sa
ha a

Lettere utilizzate per le parole di origine sanscrita

ṭa ṭha ḍa ṇa ṣa

Vocali

ཨི ཨུ ཨེ ཨོ
i u e o

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàLCCN (ENsh2013001938 · GND (DE4416766-0
  Portale Linguistica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di linguistica

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