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Vie del sale

Le vie del sale erano gli antichi percorsi e rotte di navigazione utilizzati anticamente dai mercanti del sale marino.

La via del sale che unisce le saline di Trapani a quelle dello Stagnone di Marsala

Non esisteva un'unica via del sale: i vari popoli (emiliani, lombardi, piemontesi, abruzzesi, friulani e siciliani) avevano ognuno la propria rete di sentieri e collegamenti per portare le merci, principalmente lana e armi, verso il mare e recuperare lì il sale, allora prezioso per la conservazione degli alimenti nel lungo periodo. La produzione di formaggio e di insaccati, la conservazione della carne, del pesce e anche delle olive necessitavano di elevate quantità del pregiato elemento. Ma anche attività artigianali come la concia delle pelli e la tintura richiedevano l'uso di sale.

Mettendo in comunicazione la pianura padana con la Liguria o i territori francesi della Provenza si permetteva il commercio di questo materiale prezioso, che era di difficoltoso reperimento nelle regioni del Settentrione, lontane dal mare.

Lo stesso dicasi per il commercio in altre regioni, o aree geografiche, tra le coste ove il sale era prodotto e le zone interne dove il bene era richiesto.

Storia

Le vie del sale sono rotte commerciali storiche, ancestrali, la loro origine si perde nella notte dei tempi. In Abruzzo esse erano battute dai popoli Italici prima e dagli antichi romani poi.

Dopo la caduta dei Longobardi ad opera di Carlo Magno, il Sacro Romano Impero costituì i feudi imperiali con lo scopo di mantenere un passaggio sicuro verso il mare; assegnò questi territori a famiglie fedeli che dominarono per secoli questi feudi, controllando le vallate e garantendo, in cambio di gabelle, la sicurezza dei convogli.

Il trasporto su terreni accidentati veniva effettuato a dorso di mulo poiché le strette e disagevoli mulattiere che si inerpicavano sui pendii e nelle valli non permettevano il passaggio di carri.

Dove possibile, nella pianura, si preferiva il trasporto per via fluviale per limitare i costi, mediante grandi chiatte che arrivavano a trasportare anche 60 tonnellate di sale per carico. Nel Vallese, per facilitare il trasporto del sale venne addirittura costruito un canale, il canale Stockalper, nella valle del Rodano.

Oggi le vie del sale, perso il loro valore commerciale, sono divenute meta di escursioni e trekking, snodandosi in ambienti integri e di particolare interesse naturalistico.

Le Vie

Note

  1. ^ Cenni storici sulle vie del sale liguri
  2. ^ Regione Siciliana, su pti.regione.sicilia.it. URL consultato il 5 marzo 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 maggio 2015).
  3. ^ Toscana, Touring, 1997, ISBN 8836509487.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • La via del sale lombarda, su laviadelsale.provincia.pv.it. URL consultato il 14 gennaio 2010 (archiviato dall'url originale il 28 gennaio 2013).
  • I sentieri dell'oro bianco, su accademiaaleramica.com. URL consultato il 28 giugno 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 18 febbraio 2013).
Controllo di autoritàGND (DE4179002-9
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