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神権政治

神権政治(しんけんせいじ、ギリシア語: θεοκρατια)またはシオクラシー[1]英語: theocracy[2]とは、国家政体の一種で、特定宗教を統括する組織と、国家を統治する機構が実体的に同等な場合のことである。神政政治神聖政治(しんせいせいじ)とも呼ばれる[1]。対比概念は世俗主義である。

ウェブスター辞典においては「神の直接の導きによる、または神に導かれたと看做された高官による国家の統治」と定義している[3]

概要

古典ギリシア語で「神」を意味するtheos (θεος)と、「支配する」という意味の動詞 kratein (κρατειν) から派生した名詞 kratia (κρατια) との合成語であり、文字通りの意味は「神による支配」である。ユダヤ社会を指して[2]フラウィウス・ヨセフスが初めて用いたとされる[4]。現代においては、バチカン市国が該当する。

脚注

出典

  1. ^ a b 小室直樹『田中角栄の遺言』クレスト社、1994年、191-193頁。ISBN 4-87712-015-7。「デモクラシーの反対はシオクラシー」 
  2. ^ a b 神権政治』 - コトバンク
  3. ^ (Merriam-Webster)Theocracy.2017.3.13.検索。
  4. ^ English form the 17th century (OED). The Greek term is explicitly coined by Josephus and isn't attested elsewhere in Ancient Greek; Josephus marks it as a nonce coinage by calling it a "strained expression". W. Whiston tr. Josephus, Against Apion ii. §17 (1814) IV. 340: "He [Moses] ordained our government to be what, by a strained expression, may be termed a Theocracy", translating ὡς δ'ἄν τίς εἴποι, βιασάμενος τὸν λόγον, θεοκρατίαν

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