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Marvin Harris

Marvin Harris
Nascimento 18 de agosto de 1927
Brooklyn
Morte 25 de outubro de 2001 (74 anos)
Gainesville
Cidadania Estados Unidos
Alma mater
Ocupação antropólogo, professor universitário, sociólogo, filósofo
Empregador(a) Universidade da Flórida, Universidade Columbia

Marvin Harris (Brooklyn, 18 de agosto de 1927Gainesville, 25 de outubro de 2001) foi um antropólogo dos Estados Unidos, principal teórico do "materialismo cultural". Entre as influências de seu trabalho pode-se incluir a repercussão na teoria do comportamento e na antropologia cultural

Realizou diversos estudos sobre a temática étnico-racial na África, Índia e América do Sul (inclusive no Brasil), sua obra inclui dezenove livros, onde também discorre sobre alimentação.

Hipodescendência

É de Marvin Harris o termo hipodescendência, conceito em que indivíduos miscigenados: "a criança das uniões inter-étnicas/raciais pertence a raça/etnia considerada biológica ou socialmente inferior".

Tal observação já ter sido notada antes por teóricos do racismo científico, como Madison Grant quando disse que "o cruzamento entre um branco e um índio é um índio; o cruzamento entre um branco e um negro é um negro; o cruzamento entre um branco e um hindu é um hindu; e o cruzamento entre alguém de raça europeia e um judeu é um judeu." (Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, 1916) situação histórica e culturalmente utilizada em todos os antigos sistemas escravistas e segregadores, também relacionado ao conceito racialista norte-americano conhecido como "One Drop rule", onde o indivíduo que tem "uma gota de sangue" não-branco (1/8 qualquer ascendentes até os bisavós) ou (1/16 qualquer ascendente até os tetravós) é considerado não-branco e pertencente ao grupo étnico considerado inferior.

Livros de Marvin Harris em português

  • Padrões Raciais Nas Américas. RJ, Civilização Brasileira, 1967
  • A Natureza das Coisas Culturais RJ, Civilização Brasileira, 1968
  • Vacas, Porcos, Guerras e Bruxas: os Enigmas da Cultura. RJ, Civilização Brasileira, 1978
  • Canibais e Reis. PT, Edições 70, 1990

Artigos e capítulos de livros

«Republished 1992 in», Current Anthropology, Supplement Inquiry and Debate in the Human Sciences: Contributions from Current Anthropology 1960-1990, 33 (1): 261–276, JSTOR 2743946, doi:10.1086/204026Acessível livremente 

    • "Race, Conflict, and Reform in Mocambique." In The Transformation of East Africa, 157 - 83.
  • 1967
    • "The Classification of Stratified Groups." In Social Structure, Stratification, and Mobility, 298 - 324. Washington, D.C.: Pan-American Union.
    • "The Myth of the Sacred Cow." Natural History (March):6-12.
  • 1968
  • 1969 - "Patterns of Authority and Superordination in Lower Class Urban Domiciles." Proposta de pesquisa apresentada à National Science Foundation. Manuscrito não publicado.
  • 1970 - "Referential Ambiguity in the Calculus of Brazilian Racial Identity." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 26:1-14.
  • 1971 - "Comments on Alan Heston's 'An Approach to the Sacred Cow of India." Current Anthropology 12: 199-201
  • 1972 - "Portugal's Contribution to the Underdevelopment of Africa and Brazil." Em Ronald Chilcote, ed., Protesto e Resistência em Angola e Brasil Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 209–223
  • 1974 - "Reply to Corry Azzi." Current Anthropology 15: 323.
  • 1975 - "Why a Perfect Knowledge of All the Rules That One Must Know in Order to Act Like a Native Cannot Lead to a Knowledge of How Natives Act." Journal of Anthropological Research 30: 242-251
  • 1976 - "Levi-Strauss et La Palourde." L'Homme 16: 5 - 22.
  • 1976 - "History and Significance of the Emic/Etic Distinction." Annual Review of Anthropology 5:329-50.
  • 1977 - "Why Men Dominate Women" New York Times Magazine
  • 1977 - "Bovine Sex and Species Ratios in India." Artigo lido nas reuniões da American Anthropological Association em Houston
  • 1978
    • «India's Sacred Cow» (PDF), Human Nature, 1 (2): 28–36, fevereiro 1978, cópia arquivada (PDF) em 22 de junho de 2011 Also published in A.L. Tobias & P.J. Thompson, ed. (1980), Issues in Nutrition for the 1980s: An Ecological Perspective, Monterey, California: Wadsworth 
    • "Origins of the U.S. Preference for Beef." Psychology Today, October: 88-94.
  • 1979
    • "The Human Strategy: Our Pound of Flesh." Natural History 88:30-41.
    • "Reply to Sahlins." New York Review of Books.
  • 1980 - "History and Ideological Significance of the Separation of Social and Cultural Anthropology." In Beyond the Myths of Culture: Essays in Cultural Materialism, ed. Eric Ross, 391-407. New York: Academic Press
  • 1982 - "Mother Cow" Anthropology 81/82, Annual Editions
  • 1984
    • «Animal Capture and Yanomomo Warfare: Retrospective and New Evidence», Journal of Anthropological Research, 40 (1): 183–201, JSTOR 3629698, doi:10.1086/jar.40.1.3629698 
    • "A Cultural Materialist Theory of Band and Village Warfare: The Yanomamo Test." In Warfare, Culture, and Environment, ed. R. Brian Ferguson, 111-40. Orlando: Academic Press
  • 1987 - "Cultural Materialism: Alarums and Excursions." In Waymarks: The Notre Dame Inaugural lectures in Anthropology
  • 1990 - "Emics and Etics Revisited; Harris's Reply to Pike; Harris's Final Response." In Emics and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate, edited by Thomas N. Headland, Kenneth L. Pike, and Marvin Harris, 48-61, 75-83, 202-16. Newbury Park: Sage.
  • 1991 - "Anthropology: Ships that Crash in the Night." In Perspectives on Social Science: The Colorado Lectures, edited by Richard Jessor, 70-114. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • 1992 - "Distinguished Lecture: Anthropology and the Theoretical and Paradigmatic Significance of the Collapse of the Soviet and European Communism." American Anthropologist 94:295-305.
  • 1993
    • "Who are the Whites?" Social Forces 72: 451-62.
    • "The Evolution of Gender Hierarchies: a Trial Formulation." in Sex and Gender Hierarchies, ed. Barbara Diane Miller
  • Robert Borofsky, ed. (1994), «Cultural Materialism is Alive and Well and Won't Go Away Until Something Better Comes Along», Assessing Cultural Anthropology, ISBN 978-0-07-006578-9, New York: McGraw Hill 
  • 1995
    • "Commentary on articles by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Roy D'Andrade. Current Anthropology 36: 423-24.
    • "Anthropology and Postmodernism" em Ciência, Materialismo e o Estudo da Cultura (dedicado a Harris) editado por Martin F. Murphy e Maxine L. Margolis.

Livros

Ligações externas

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