Madagaska

Repoblikan'i Madagasikara
Republique de Madagascar
Jamhuri ya Madagaska


(Bendera ya Madagaska)	(Nembo ya Madagaska)

Wimbo wa Taifa: Tanindrazana, Fahafahana, Fandrosoana
(kwa Kimalagasi: Nchi ya wenyeji, Uhuru, Maendeleo) |

Lugha rasmi

Kimalagasi
Kifaransa

Mji Mkuu

Antananarivo

Rais
Waziri Mkuu

Andry Rajoelina
Christian Ntsay

Eneo
- Jumla
- 0.9% Maji

Ya 46 duniani
km² 587,041

Umma
- Kadirio (Ya 52 duniani)
- Jumla (26,262,313 )
- Umma kugawa na Eneo 35.2

Ya 174 duniani
; (Ya 142 duniani)

GDP Chumo cha uchumi
- Jumla
- kwa kipimo cha umma

126 kadir
$15.82 billion (223)
$900 (214)

Uhuru

26 Juni 1960

Fedha

Ariari

Saa za Eneo

UTC +3

Wimbo wa Taifa

Ry Tanindraza nay malala ô (Eh, nchi yetu asili) |

Intaneti TLD

.mg

kodi za simu

261

¹Lugha ya Malagasi, kulingana na katiba ndiyo lugha ya Taifa. Lugha ya Kifaransa, haijatiwa umaakini kama Lugha rasmi.

Jamhuri ya Madagaska (au Madagasikari) inaenea katika kisiwa cha Madagaska (pia: Bukini) kilichopo katika Bahari Hindi mashariki kwa pwani ya Afrika.

Jina

Jina Madagaska lina maana ya "Kisiwa kikubwa" na linatokana na lugha ya wenyeji, Wamalagasi ambao waongea Kimalagasi.

Jiografia

Makala kuu: Mikoa ya Madagaska na Orodha ya miji ya Madagaska

Kisiwa chenyewe ni cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani.

Upekee wa kisiwa unatokana na kwamba kilimeguka kutoka India miaka milioni 88 hivi iliyopita, halafu kilibaki bila watu hadi karne ya 5 hivi BK.

Ekolojia

Kisiwa hicho ni pia mazingira makubwa ya aina ya violezo ambayo ni asilimia 5 ya violezo vyote vya mimea na wanyama vya dunia nzima.

Asilimia 90 ya viumbehai asili ni maalumu wa Madagaska, kama vile wanyama aina ya kima awali wanaoitwa lemuri, ndege ambao waambukiza ugonjwa na mti wa mbuyu.

Historia

Makala kuu: Historia ya Madagaska

Mfalme Andrianampoinimerina (1787-1810).

Madagaska ni kati ya maeneo ya mwisho kufikiwa na kukaliwa na binadamu.

Wa kwanza kufika walitokea visiwa vya Indonesia (kama mwaka 350-550 BK).

Baadaye tu walihamia watu kutoka bara la Afrika (mwaka 1000 hivi) na wengineo (Waarabu, Wahindi, Wazungu, Wachina n.k.).

Kuanzia mwaka 1787 hadi mwaka 1897 kisiwa kilizidi kuunganishwa kisiasa chini ya Ufalme wa Merina.

Watawala walikuwa watu kutoka familia ya Andrianampoinimerina, mwanzilishi wa taifa hilo, ambaye alikuwa ametokea katika kabila la Wamerina

Kabila hilo lilikuwa kubwa na muhimu kuliko yote 18 ya kisiwa hicho. Makazi yake yalikuwa katika uwanda wa juu wa kati lakini lilienea sehemu kubwa ya Bukini.

Wamerina walikuwa na makao makuu ya utawala wao Antananarivo; baada ya kugawiwa kwa ufalme wao mnamo 1710 kitovu cha malaka kati ya Wamerina ikahamia kwenye mlima wa Ambohimanga lakini tangu kuunganishwa kwa Wamerina mnamo 1794 mji mkuu ukulikuwa tena Atananarivo. Kutoka hapo waliweza kueneza mamlaka yao katika sehemu nyingine za kisiwa hicho.

Makabila yote ya wenyeji yalizungumza lugha moja na yalikuwa na mila na desturi zinazofanana, hivyo yaliweza kujenga umoja wa kiutamaduni uliowafanya wawe jamii moja kimsingi.

Watawala hao wa kifalme waliweza kutekeleza mambo mbalimbali kuendeleza Bukini katika vipindi vyao kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kutoka Uingereza na Ufaransa ambao kwa kiasi fulani ulidhoofisha mamlaka ya kifalme.

Kisiwa hicho hatimaye kiligeuzwa kuwa koloni la Ufaransa. Hii ni kwa kuwa, ingawa sera ya kuisasisha ya Bukini kwa namna fulani iliimarisha uwezo wa nchi hiyo wa kutetea uhuru wake, lakini kwa ujumla sera hiyo ilidhoofisha ufalme huo kwa kuongeza utegemezi wake kwa mataifa ya kigeni.

Watu

Mwaka 2018 idadi ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kuwa milioni 26.3. Wenyeji wengi wana mchanganyiko wa damu: DNA inaonyesha kuwa wakazi wa kwanza kutoka Indonesia wameichangia asilimia 50 hivi na Waafrika vilevile. Wanaoishi sehemu za ndani ni wa Kiindonesia zaidi, wakati wale wa pwani ni wa Kiafrika zaidi.

Lugha

Lugha ya taifa ni Kimalagasi. Lugha rasmi za Madagaska ni Kimalagasi na Kifaransa (angalia pia orodha ya lugha za Madagaska).

Dini

Mwaka 1993 nchini Madagaska kulikuwa na dini za jadi (52% hivi), Ukristo (41%, Waprotestanti wakiwazidi kidogo Wakatoliki), Uislamu (7% hivi) n.k. Tangu hapo wafuasi wengi wa dini za jadi wameongokea Ukristo, hasa wa Kiprotestanti.

Utamaduni

Pamoja na kutokea mazingira tofauti sana, Wamalagasi wamechanganyikana sana na kuwa na utamaduni na lugha aina moja, ya Kiindonesia zaidi.

Tazama pia

Marejeo

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Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins". Katika Hutchins, Michael (mhr.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Juz. la 8 (tol. la 2). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
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Ellis, William (1859). Three visits to Madagascar during ... 1853-1854-1856. London: Oxford University.
Emoff, Ron (2004). "Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song". Katika Dawe, Kevin (mhr.). Island Musics. New York: Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-703-3.
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Kennedy, David (2007). The Library of Congress World War II companion. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5.
Kent, Raymond (1976). From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic. Ann Arbor, MI: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-8421-0.
Kitchen, Helen A. (1962). The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa. Washington, D.C.: Praeger.
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Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre (2008). Shipwrecks of Madagascar. New York: AEG Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-60693-494-4.
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Viungo vya nje

WikiMedia Commons

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Madagascar

Country Profile from BBC News
Madagascar entry at The World Factbook
Madagaska katika Open Directory Project
Madagascar Ilihifadhiwa 29 Agosti 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine. from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Wikimedia Atlas of Madagascar
Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar from International Futures

20°S 47°E / 20°S 47°E / -20; 47

Nchi za Afrika
Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya) \| Afrika Kusini \| Algeria \| Angola \| Benin \| Botswana \| Burkina Faso \| Burundi \| Cabo Verde \| Chad \| Cote d'Ivoire \| Eritrea \| Eswatini \| Ethiopia \| Gabon \| Gambia \| Ghana \| Guinea \| Guinea Bisau \| Guinea ya Ikweta \| Jibuti \| Kamerun \| Kenya \| Komori \| Kongo (Jamhuri ya) \| Kongo (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya) \| Lesotho \| Liberia \| Libya \| Madagaska \| Malawi \| Mali \| Misri \| Morisi (Visiwa vya) \| Mauritania \| Moroko \| Msumbiji \| Namibia \| Niger \| Nigeria \| Rwanda \| Sahara ya Magharibi \| Sao Tome na Principe \| Senegal \| Shelisheli \| Sierra Leone \| Somalia \| Sudan \| Sudan Kusini \| Tanzania \| Togo \| Tunisia \| Uganda \| Zambia \| Zimbabwe
Maeneo ya Afrika ambayo ni sehemu za nchi nje ya Afrika
Hispania: Kanari · Ceuta · Melilla \| Italia: Pantelleria · Pelagie \| Ufaransa: Mayotte · Réunion \| Uingereza: · St. Helena · Diego Garcia \| Ureno: Madeira

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Afrika bado ni mbegu.
Je unajua kitu kuhusu Madagaska kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni?
Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.