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德川茂德

德川茂德
一橋藩第1代藩主
任期
1868年—1869年
前任明治維新後新設日语維新立藩
继任廢藩,併入尾張藩
尾張藩第15代藩主
任期
1858年—1863年
前任德川慶恕
继任德川義宜
高須藩日语高須藩藩主
任期
1850年—1858年
前任松平義建日语松平義建
继任松平義端日语松平義端
个人资料
出生(1831-06-11)1831年6月11日
天保二年五月初二)
逝世1884年3月6日(1884歲—03—06)(52歲)
明治十七年)
時代江戶時代末期-明治時代
改名鎮三郎(幼名)→松平建重(初名)→松平義比(高須藩主時代)→德川茂德(尾張藩主時代)→德川(一橋)茂榮(一橋家時代)
别名号:好德、雅号:穆堂、隱居号:玄同
戒名顯樹院殿
墓所寬永寺谷中墓地
主君德川家定家茂慶喜
高須藩日语高須藩11代藩主、尾張藩15代藩主
氏族松平氏(四谷松平家)→尾張德川家一橋德川家
父母父:松平義建、養父:德川慶勝
兄弟源之助、慶勝松平武成日语松平武成、整三郎、茂德松平容保松平定敬日语松平定敬、鐡丸、松平義勇日语松平義勇
姐妹女(上杉茂憲正室)
正室政姬丹羽長富日语丹羽長富女)
松平義端日语松平義端(長男)、達道(四男)
養子義宜

德川茂德(日语:徳川 茂徳德川 茂德とくがわ もちなが Tokugawa Mochinaga,1831年6月11日—1884年3月6日),日本幕末時代大名,美濃国高須藩日语高須藩第11代藩主,德川御三家之一的尾張藩第15代藩主,一桥德川家第10代當主。

他在高須藩時代名為松平義比(日语:松平 義比まつだいら よしちか Matsudaira Yoshichika),尾張藩時代名為德川茂德,一橋家時代名為德川茂榮(日语:徳川 茂栄德川 茂榮とくがわ もちはる Tokugawa Mochiharu)。

生平

天保二年(1831年)出生,是高須藩第十代藩主松平義建的五子。乳名是鎮三郎,后来繼承父亲义建的偏諱而取名為建重(初名)。大哥源之助、四哥整三郎夭折,二哥庆恕過继尾张德川家,三哥武成過继越智松平家,所以取代这4位哥哥,而於嘉永二年(1849年)8月16日成為父亲義建的嫡子。同年11月1日,獲第13代将军德川家定御目見」。同年12月16日,獲任命為从五位下彈正大弼,並晋升为从四位下侍从。其后改任為摄津守。嘉永3年(1850年)10月16日,因父亲隐居而就任高须藩第11代藩,改名為义比。同年12月16日,任职為左近卫权少将。

安政5年(1858年)7月5日,因為受到井伊直弼安政大狱影響,擔任尾张藩主的同父异母哥哥庆恕(之后改名庆胜)「隠居謹慎」,因而繼任尾张藩主。直弼等南纪派支持的第14代将军德川家茂授與偏諱而改名茂德(高须藩主由出生僅2個月的长子松平义端继承)。同年10月13日,晋升為从三位参议、左中将。万延元年(1860年)5月18日,亲生儿子义端早逝,哥哥庆胜的兒子原千代(之后的義宜)過繼給他作為养子,授與偏諱(茂徳的“德”)而改名徳成。此前不久的3月間,井伊直弼在樱田门外之变被暗杀,并且不久庆胜的谨慎解除,在藩内的情勢有所变化。因此,他也有意回任高须藩主(长子义端早逝后,由最小的弟弟的义勇继承高须藩主)。最終,他於文久3年(1863年)9月13日隐居,藩主让給改名為義宜的養子徳成。隐居后自號玄同(日语:玄同げんどう Gendō)。

高須四兄弟(明治11年9月攝影)
左起定敬、容保、茂榮、慶勝

庆应2年(1866年)12月27日,在兄长庆胜和弟弟松平容保会津藩主/京都守护职)的斡旋下,接替來自一桥家而继承德川宗家(就任第15代将军)的德川庆喜而继承了一橋家当主,並改名为茂荣(当初是预定由清水家继承,后来幕府接受庆胜請愿,才確認由茂荣继承一橋家)。明治维新之際,擔任德川一族的總代表與明治新政府交涉。庆应4年(1868年)3月4日從出发江户,3月25日到达江尻,向東征大总督有栖川宮熾仁亲王請求宽大处理前将军庆喜。同年3月29日獲得批准,4月4日返回江户。同年闰4月27日,表達尽快处理德川宗家一案的愿望,闰4月29日,德川家達继承德川宗家被允諾。同年5月10日,表達儘快决定德川宗家领地的愿望,5月24日,家達獲頒骏府70万石。

同样是5月24日,家達的亲生父亲田安慶賴被列為独立大名,因而成為藩主。明治2年3月,申请版籍奉还。同年9月,表達就任知藩事的意愿。同年12月27日,版籍奉还認定為废藩,因而未能成为知藩事。明治3年6月,进行家臣们的离别儀式後,一桥藩完全瓦解了。明治17年(1884年)3月,54岁而過世。官位最終升到正二位。法號是显树院殿。

除了前述的德川慶勝、松平武成、松平容保、松平义勇外,伊势桑名藩松平定敬也是他的兄弟。值得一提的是茂徳(茂荣)、慶勝、容保、定敬被共稱為“高须四兄弟”,不過其他三人在藩政、外交上的努力並不多,时代局势的演變影響到他們的一生。四男達道(接受家達偏諱而取的名字,其养子是宗敬)继承了一橋家。

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