硝酸钛

硝酸钛
	; 硝酸钛的球棍模型
	; 硝酸钛的球棍模型
别名	硝酸钛(IV)
识别
CAS号	12372-56-4 ; 13860-02-1
PubChem	139314
ChemSpider	8123716
SMILES	[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O;
InChI	1S/4NO3.Ti/c42-1(3)4;/q4-1;+4;
InChIKey	QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
性质
化学式	Ti(NO3)4
外观	白色挥发性固体
密度	2.192 g/cm3
熔点	58 °C
沸点	分解
溶解性（水）	反应
结构
晶体结构	单斜晶系
空间群	P21/C
晶格常数	a = 7.80, b = 13.57, c = 10.34 Å
晶格常数	α = 90°, β = 125·0°, γ = 90°
配位几何	8
分子构型	扁平化的四面体
相关物质
相关化学品	硝酸锆; 硝酸铪; 磷酸钛; 高氯酸钛
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硝酸钛是一种化学性质活泼的无机化合物，化学式为Ti(NO₃)₄。

制备

与原本的制备方法类似，^[7]^[8]硝酸钛可以由五氧化二氮^[9]或硝酸氯^[10]和四氯化钛反应制得。^[4]

水合硝酸钛 [Ti(H₂O)₆](NO₃)₃则可以由钛化合物溶于硝酸中而成。^[11]

结构

硝酸钛的对称群是D_2d，有四个二齿的硝酸根配体，其中的N-O键长为1.29 Å（配位）和1.185 Å（非配位）。^[6]

性质

硝酸钛可溶于非极性溶剂四氯化硅和四氯化碳。^[12]^[8]

硝酸钛具有吸湿性，会转化为不明确的水合物。^[13]无水硝酸钛的反应性很高，甚至会和碳氢化合物反应。^[13]它也会和正十二烷、^[14]对二氯苯、苯甲醚和联苯反应。^[14]^[15]

硝酸钛受热分解成二氧化钛^[16]。

参考资料

^ Garner, C. D.; Wallwork, S. C. The crystal structures of anhydrous nitrates and their complexes. Part III. Titanium(IV) nitrate. J. Chem. Soc. A. 1966: 1496–1500. doi:10.1039/J19660001496.
^ ICSD 26639 : ICSD Structure : N₄ O₁₂ Ti. Cambridge Structural Database: Access Structures. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. [2021-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-09）.
^ Titanium(iv) nitrate (Ti(NO3)4). [27 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-01）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Chemistry of the Elements (Second Edition). N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw. P₉₆₆. 21.3.4 Compounds with oxoanions
^ Nathaniel Howell Furman; R. J. Mundy; G. H. Morrison. The Distribution of Uranyl Nitrate from Aqueous Solutions to Diethyl Ether. the University of Michigan: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Technical Information Service. 1955: 51 （英语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Garner, C. David; Ian H. Hillier; Martyn F. Guest. Ab initio self-consistent field molecular-orbital calculation of the ground state of tetranitratotitanium(IV); comments on the reactivity of anhydrous metal nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1975, (19): 1934. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/DT9750001934.
^ Reihlen, Hans; Andreas Hake. Über die Konstitution des N2O4 und N2O3 und die Additionsverbindungen von Nitro- und Nitrosokörpern an Zinn- und Titantetrachlorid. Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie. 1927, 452 (1): 47–67. ISSN 0075-4617. doi:10.1002/jlac.19274520104 （德语）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Schmeisser, Martin. Die Chemie der anorganischen Acylnitrate (ein Problem des Nitrylchlorids) und Acylperchlorate (ein Problem des Dichlorhexoxyds). Angewandte Chemie. 1955, 67 (17–18): 493–501. Bibcode:1955AngCh..67..493S. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19550671708 （德语）.
^ P. Ehrlich "Titanium Tetranitrate" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1237.
^ Schmeisser, M.; Brandle, K. Acyl nitrates and perchlorates. IV. ClNO3 as starting material for acyl nitrates. Angewandte Chemie, 1957. 69: 781. ISSN: 0044-8249.
^ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press. 2001: 1331 [28 September 2014]. ISBN 9780123526519. （原始内容存档于2021-12-01）.
^ Amos, D.W.; G.W. Flewett. Raman spectra of titanium (IV) and tin (IV) nitrates. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy. 1974, 30 (2): 453–461. Bibcode:1974AcSpA..30..453A. ISSN 0584-8539. doi:10.1016/0584-8539(74)80085-1.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Amos, D.W.; D.A. Baines, G.W. Flewett. Nitration by titanium (IV) nitrate. Tetrahedron Letters. 1973, 14 (34): 3191–3194. ISSN 0040-4039. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79808-X.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 Coombes, Robert G.; Leslie W. Russell. Nitration of aromatic compounds by tetranitratotitanium(IV) in carbon tetrachloride solution. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2. 1974, (7): 830. ISSN 0300-9580. doi:10.1039/P29740000830.
^ Schofield, Kenneth. Aromatic Nitration. CUP Archive. 1980: 97–98 [27 September 2014]. ISBN 9780521233620. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.
^ Allendorf, Mark Donald. Titanium Oxide CVD from Titanium (IV) Nitrate .... Proceedings of the Symposium on Fundamental Gas-Phase and Surface Chemistry of Vapor-Phase Materials Synthesis. The Electrochemical Society. 1999-01-01: 395–397 [27 September 2014]. ISBN 9781566772174. （原始内容存档于2021-12-01）.

扩展阅读

Partington, J. R.; A. L. Whynes. 660. Reactions of nitrosyl chloride. Part II. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1949: 3135. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/JR9490003135.
Dauerman, L.; G.E. Salser. Mass spectra of covalent inorganic nitrates: copper(II) nitrate and titanium(IV) nitrate. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1973, 35 (1): 304–306. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80643-8.

[1] Garner, C. D.; Wallwork, S. C. The crystal structures of anhydrous nitrates and their complexes. Part III. Titanium(IV) nitrate. J. Chem. Soc. A. 1966: 1496–1500. doi:10.1039/J19660001496.

[2] ICSD 26639 : ICSD Structure : N₄ O₁₂ Ti. Cambridge Structural Database: Access Structures. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. [2021-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-09）.

[tina-3] Titanium(iv) nitrate (Ti(NO3)4). [27 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-01）.

[ele-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Chemistry of the Elements (Second Edition). N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw. P₉₆₆. 21.3.4 Compounds with oxoanions

[soln-5] Nathaniel Howell Furman; R. J. Mundy; G. H. Morrison. The Distribution of Uranyl Nitrate from Aqueous Solutions to Diethyl Ether. the University of Michigan: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Technical Information Service. 1955: 51 （英语）.

[Garner1975-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Garner, C. David; Ian H. Hillier; Martyn F. Guest. Ab initio self-consistent field molecular-orbital calculation of the ground state of tetranitratotitanium(IV); comments on the reactivity of anhydrous metal nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1975, (19): 1934. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/DT9750001934.

[Reihlen1927-7] Reihlen, Hans; Andreas Hake. Über die Konstitution des N2O4 und N2O3 und die Additionsverbindungen von Nitro- und Nitrosokörpern an Zinn- und Titantetrachlorid. Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie. 1927, 452 (1): 47–67. ISSN 0075-4617. doi:10.1002/jlac.19274520104 （德语）.

[Schmeisser1955-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Schmeisser, Martin. Die Chemie der anorganischen Acylnitrate (ein Problem des Nitrylchlorids) und Acylperchlorate (ein Problem des Dichlorhexoxyds). Angewandte Chemie. 1955, 67 (17–18): 493–501. Bibcode:1955AngCh..67..493S. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19550671708 （德语）.

[9] P. Ehrlich "Titanium Tetranitrate" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1237.

[10] Schmeisser, M.; Brandle, K. Acyl nitrates and perchlorates. IV. ClNO3 as starting material for acyl nitrates. Angewandte Chemie, 1957. 69: 781. ISSN: 0044-8249.

[WibergWiberg2001-11] Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press. 2001: 1331 [28 September 2014]. ISBN 9780123526519. （原始内容存档于2021-12-01）.

[Amos1974-12] Amos, D.W.; G.W. Flewett. Raman spectra of titanium (IV) and tin (IV) nitrates. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy. 1974, 30 (2): 453–461. Bibcode:1974AcSpA..30..453A. ISSN 0584-8539. doi:10.1016/0584-8539(74)80085-1.

[Amos1973-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Amos, D.W.; D.A. Baines, G.W. Flewett. Nitration by titanium (IV) nitrate. Tetrahedron Letters. 1973, 14 (34): 3191–3194. ISSN 0040-4039. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79808-X.

[Coombes1974-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Coombes, Robert G.; Leslie W. Russell. Nitration of aromatic compounds by tetranitratotitanium(IV) in carbon tetrachloride solution. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2. 1974, (7): 830. ISSN 0300-9580. doi:10.1039/P29740000830.

[Schofield1980-15] Schofield, Kenneth. Aromatic Nitration. CUP Archive. 1980: 97–98 [27 September 2014]. ISBN 9780521233620. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.

[Allendorf1999-16] Allendorf, Mark Donald. Titanium Oxide CVD from Titanium (IV) Nitrate .... Proceedings of the Symposium on Fundamental Gas-Phase and Surface Chemistry of Vapor-Phase Materials Synthesis. The Electrochemical Society. 1999-01-01: 395–397 [27 September 2014]. ISBN 9781566772174. （原始内容存档于2021-12-01）.

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硝酸钛

制备

结构

性质

参考资料

扩展阅读

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