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進軍歌

《进军歌》
Tiến Quân Ca

 越南国歌
作詞阮文高,1944
作曲阮文高,1944
採用1975年4月30日
音频样本
进军歌首段(演奏版)
越南国歌历史
阮朝 1802-1945登坛宫
阮朝 1945
第一首
第二首

登坛宫
越南,東天明珠
越南民主共和国 1946-1976
越南共和国 1949-1975
1946 - 1955
1955 - 1975

越南共和国 1965 - 1976
進軍歌
呼喚公民
原歌词
修订歌词

解放南方
越南 1976-進軍歌

进军歌》(越南語Tiến Quân Ca)是越南社会主义共和国国歌。该歌曲由阮文高于1944年二战期间作曲及填詞,并于1954年定为北越国歌;越南南北统一后成为越南社会主义共和国国歌。

歌词

《进军歌》歌词
越南语 漢喃文 漢语

Đoàn quân Việt Nam đi, chung lòng cứu quốc
Bước chân dồn vang trên đường gập ghềnh xa
Cờ in máu chiến thắng mang hồn nước,
Súng ngoài xa chen khúc quân hành ca
Đường vinh quang xây xác quân thù,
Thắng gian lao cùng nhau lập chiến khu.
Vì nhân dân chiến đấu không ngừng,
Tiến mau ra sa trường,
Tiến lên, cùng tiến lên.
Nước non Việt Nam ta vững bền.

Ðoàn quân Việt Nam đi sao vàng phấp phới
Dắt giống nòi quê hương qua nơi lầm than
Cùng chung sức phấn đấu xây đời mới,
Ðứng đều lên gông xích ta đập tan.
Từ bao lâu ta nuốt căm hờn,
Quyết hy sinh đời ta tươi thắm hơn.
Vì nhân dân chiến đấu không ngừng,
Tiến mau ra sa trường,
Tiến lên, cùng tiến lên.
Nước non Việt Nam ta vững bền.
Tiến lên, cùng tiến lên.
Nước non Việt Nam ta ...
vững bền!

團軍越南𠫾、終𢚸救國
𨀈蹎拵㘇𨑗塘岋𡹡賒
旗印𧖱戰勝𫼳魂渃、
銃外賒𢫔曲軍行歌
塘榮光𡏦殼軍讎、
勝艱勞共僥立戰區。
爲人民戰鬥空凝、
進𣭻𫥨沙場、
進𬨠、共進𬨠!
渃𡽫越南些凭𥾽。

團軍越南𠫾、𣇟鐄𭡚𢭿
𢴑𥞖㐻圭鄉過坭𡍚炭
共終飭奮鬥𡏦𠁀㵋、
𨅸調𬨠杠𦀗些㧺散。
自包𥹰些𠸂㤌㘋、
決犧牲𠁀些鮮𧺀欣。
爲人民戰鬥空凝、
進𣭻𫥨沙場、
進𬨠、共進𬨠!
渃𡽫越南些凭𥾽。
進𬨠、共進𬨠!
渃𡽫越南些……凭𥾽!

越南军团齐心去救国
曲路遠灘上腳步齊整
勝利血旗沾上國魂
遠處炮聲加入軍歌
敵尸上建光榮路
戰勝艱勞共建戰區
為人民不懈戰鬥
趕緊到沙場
前進,齊前進
越南山河永長久

越南军团随闪亮黄星
带人民国土走出火坑
共奋斗建设新生活
齐升起将枷锁打破
吾忍气吞声甚久
要为美好未来牺牲
為人民不懈戰鬥
趕緊到沙場
前進,齊前進
越南山河永長久

历史

《进军歌》的歌词是根據阮文高先前的作品《升龙》(Thăng Long)改編的[1]。早期的部分歌詞与现在有所不同。

对歌词的修改

《进军歌》在創作後的不久就經歷了許多變化。原本第一句的”Đoàn quân Việt Minh đi”(中譯:越盟[註 1]军队齐前去)改成了“Đoàn quân Việt Nam đi Chung lòng cứu quốc[2]”。1955年第一届国会第五次会议根据政府建议对《进军歌》的歌词做了一些小修改,将第1節第7行的“Thề phanh thây uống máu quân thù”改为“Vì nhân dân chiến đấu không ngừng”。一开始是要表達法國殖民时的殘暴行为和人民飢荒的痛苦,為了避免使聽者留下野蠻的印象,而在1955年變更[3][4]

作为国歌

在经历多次变更后,阮文高以石版印刷将變更后的歌词刊登在报章上[5]。1945年8月17日,這首歌在河內的集會上由一名博士在越南國旗下演唱[6][7]。同日胡志明将《进军歌》批准为越南民主共和国的国歌。1945年9月2日,越盟军樂隊在巴亭廣場正式舉行遊行并演奏《进军歌》。在此之前,演奏的音樂家改變《进军歌》中的兩個詞,以縮短歌曲中前E音的長度。“đoàn”和單詞“xác”中間的F使歌曲更加“活潑”。[8]1946年召開的北越第一屆國會第二次會議正式確定《進軍歌》為國歌

1975年南越政府垮台后,越南南方共和国越南民主共和國統一為新的越南社會主義共和國。1976年7月2日,统一后的越南国会通过决议,决定以《进军歌》为全国统一后的越南社会主义共和国国歌。

軼事

1981年,越南為选出新國歌而舉行了一場比賽。但一年多後,它再也沒有被提及,也沒有任何關於結果的官方聲明。因此,《进军歌》在今天仍然是越南的國歌[9]

版权问题

背景

2010年,阮文高的妻子严翠平(Nghiêm Thúy Bằng[註 2]致函越南文化、體育与旅遊部部長,提議向公眾、及國會同意将捐贈作品《进军歌》。严翠平表示,這是阮文高在世時的心願[10][11][12][13]

注册版权及事件经过

2015年,阮文高的家人向越南音樂版權保護中心註冊了《进军歌》的版权,要求演唱《进军歌》的所有公開表演都收取版稅,除在學校和重要國家儀式(譬如国庆阅兵)等某些特殊情况。阮文高的長子文韬(Văn Thao[註 3]对此表示他的家人从来没有对贈送《进军歌》给与越南政府这件事達成共識,所以他們想授權中心收取《进军歌》的版稅[14]

此公告让許多越南資深音樂家感到不满。音乐家阮光龍(Nguyễn Quang Long)表示國歌应屬於公眾且不拥有版稅。以演唱越南国歌《进军歌》而聞名的歌手映雪(Ánh Tuyết)表示其认为這首國歌早已成為“民歌”,所以不应有版权。

2015年8月25日,越南文化、體育与旅遊部正式致函音樂版權機構,并要求停止收取《进军歌》的版稅[15]

后续

2016年7月8日,文韬表示他和他的家人答应將把這首歌捐贈給越南和越南人民并取消版权索要,以作為他父親的遺願。此外,一封由该家族所有合法繼承人簽署的信函表示,阮文高一家答应將捐贈這首歌以供免費使用[16]

2016年7月15日,越南國會辦公室在河內舉行儀式,并接受由阮文高家屬捐贈的國歌,且授予阮文高胡志明勳章[17][18][19][20][21]。同樣在儀式上,时任副總理阮春福向阮文高遺孀严翠平頒發了總理给予其的功績證書,以表彰她為保存作曲家作品所做的努力[22][23]

参考文献

  1. ^ VietNamNet. Vnn.vietnamnet.vn. [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-03). 
  2. ^ Archived copy. [2016-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2009-09-07). 
  3. ^ Không tìm thấy nội dung này - Báo điện tử Tiền Phong. Tienphong.vn. [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-20). 
  4. ^ Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh với bài Quốc ca Việt Nam. Old.bqllang.gov.vn. [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-15). 
  5. ^ Archived copy. [2016-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2009-09-07). 
  6. ^ Bài Tiến Quân Ca, hồi ký Văn Cao trên tạp chí Sông Hương số 26, tháng 7 năm 1987
  7. ^ Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm - phần XIII : Văn Cao. Viet.rfi.fr. 11 April 2010 [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-27). 
  8. ^ Bộ Kèn đồng của Ban nhạc Giải phóng quân đã cử hành Tiến quân ca trong ngày độc lập. Btlsqsvn.org.vn. [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-28). 
  9. ^ Archived copy. [2016-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-27). 
  10. ^ Gia đình cố nhạc sĩ Văn Cao hiến tặng "Tiến quân ca". 11 July 2016 [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-02). 
  11. ^ Yêu cầu dừng thu tiền bản quyền ca khúc Tiến quân ca. Thanh Niên. 26 August 2015 [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-02). 
  12. ^ Hiến tặng tác phẩm "Tiến quân ca". [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23). 
  13. ^ "Hiến tặng Quốc ca là tâm nguyện của ông Văn Cao". [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2010-09-05). 
  14. ^ Vietnam: Family seeks royalties for national anthem. Bbc.com. 28 August 2015 [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-15). 
  15. ^ Yêu cầu dừng thu tiền bản quyền ca khúc "Tiến quân ca". Tuổi Trẻ. 26 August 2015 [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-18). 
  16. ^ [1] 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2016-12-20.
  17. ^ Lễ tiếp nhận bài "Tiến quân ca" và truy tặng Huân chương Hồ Chí Minh của Chủ tịch nước cho cố nhạc sĩ Văn Cao. Cov.gov.vn. [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-14). 
  18. ^ Composer's family presents national anthem to State, people. En.vietnamplus.vn. 16 July 2016 [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-02). 
  19. ^ Composer's family presents national anthem to State, people. English.von.vn. 16 July 2016 [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-03). 
  20. ^ Gia đình cố nhạc sĩ Văn Cao hiến tặng bài 'Tiến quân ca'. Vnexpress.net. [3 September 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-14). 
  21. ^ Composer's family presents national anthem to State, people. Vietnam News Agency. July 16, 2016 [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-02). 
  22. ^ Composer of national anthem bestowed with Ho Chi Minh Order. Nhân Dân. July 16, 2016 [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-25). 
  23. ^ Hiến tặng tác phẩm "Tiến quân ca" cho nhân dân và Tổ quốc. July 15, 2016 [2021-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-03). 

標註

  1. ^ 越盟——越南独立同盟會的简称
  2. ^ 该名字翻译自越南文——Nghiêm Thúy Bằng,而中文译名是个人翻译。因此该名称可能不是正式中文名称。
  3. ^ 该名字翻译自越南文——Văn Thao,而中文译名是个人翻译。因此该名称可能不是正式中文名称。

参见

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