Europium(III) acetate

Europium(III) acetate
Names
	Other names Europium acetate
Identifiers
CAS Number	1184-63-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	144466;
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.337
EC Number	214-670-9;
PubChem CID	164792;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70890536 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3C2H4O2.Eu/c31-2(3)4;/h31H3,(H,3,4);/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: LNYNHRRKSYMFHF-UHFFFAOYSA-K;
	SMILES CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[Eu+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	Eu(CH3COO)3
Molar mass	329,092 g/mol (anhydrous) 341,059 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance	white solid
Solubility in water	soluble in water
Related compounds
Other anions	Europium(III) oxide; Europium(III) hydroxide; Europium(III) carbonate
Other cations	Samarium(III) acetate; Gadolinium(III) acetate
Related compounds	Europium(II) acetate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Europium(III) acetate is an inorganic salt of europium and acetic acid with the chemical formula of Eu(CH₃COO)₃. In this compound, europium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It can exist in the anhydrous form, sesquihydrate^[a]^[1] and tetrahydrate.^[2] Its hydrate molecule is a dimer.^[3]^[4]

Preparation

Europium acetate can be obtained by stirring reaction of acetic acid and europium oxide under heating, and then diluting with water and crystallizing:^[5]

Eu₂O₃ + 6 CH₃COOH → 2 Eu(CH₃COO)₃ + 3 H₂O

Europium can also directly participate in the reaction:^[1]

2 Eu + 6 CH₃COOH → 2 Eu(CH₃COO)₃ + 3 H₂↑

Properties

Physical properties

The anhydrous europium acetate crystallizes monoclinically in the space group C2/c (space group no. 15) with the lattice parameters a = 1126.0(3), b = 2900.5(6), c = 799.1( 2) pm and β = 132.03(2)° with four formula units per unit cell.^[1] The sesquihydrate crystallizes monoclinically in the space group Cc (No. 9) with the lattice parameters a = 1608.7(2), b = 1665.6(2), c = 839.1(1) pm and β = 115.75( 9)° with four formula units per unit cell.^[1] The heat capacity at 280 K is 803±16 J/(mol∙K).^[6]

Chemical properties

Europium acetate can be dissolved in water, acidified with acetic acid, and the compound of divalent europium [Eu(CH₃COO)₂(CH₃COOH)(H₂O)₂] can be obtained by electrochemical reduction.^[7]

Europium acetate can be crystallized in excess glacial acetic acid to give the salt [Eu(H(CH₃COO)₂)₃](H₂O).^[1]

Decomposition

Europium acetate can be decomposed by heating, and the hydrate first loses water to obtain anhydrous, and then passes through basic acetate EuOCH₃COO, basic carbonate Eu₂O₂CO₃, and finally obtains europium oxide.^[8] The tetrahydrate of europium acetate decomposes in air over 6 stages to europium oxide.^[8]^[9]

Stage 1 at 135 °C:

Eu(CH₃COO)₃·4H₂O → Eu(CH₃COO)₃·H₂O + 3H₂O

Stage 2 at 170 °C:

Eu(CH₃COO)₃·3H₂O → Eu(CH₃COO)₃·0.5 H₂O + 0.5 H₂O

Stage 3 at 210 °C:

Eu(CH₃COO)₃·0.5H₂O → Eu(CH₃COO)₃ + 0.5 H₂O

Stage 4 at 310 °C:

Eu(CH₃COO)₃ → EuO(CH₃COO) + C₃H₆O + CO₂

Stage 5 at 390 °C:

2EuO(CH₃COO) → Eu₂O₂[CO₃] + C₃H₆O

Stage 6 at 670 °C:

Eu₂O₂[CO₃] → Eu₂O₃ + CO₂

Notes

^ Note: The sesquihydrate of europium(III) acetate has the structure [Eu₂(CH₃COO)₆(H₂O)](H₂O)₂.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Sonia Gomez Torres, Ingo Pantenburg, Gerd Meyer (2006). "Direct Oxidation of Europium Metal with Acetic Acid: Anhydrous Europium(III) Acetate, Eu(OAc)3, its Sesqui-hydrate, Eu(OAc)3(H2O)1.5, and the "Hydrogendiacetate", [Eu(H(OAc)2)3](H2O)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 632 (12–13): 1989–1994. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600154. ISSN 1521-3749. Retrieved 2019-02-01.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Herbert N. McCoy (1939-09-01). "The Salts of Europium". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 61 (9): 2455–2456. Bibcode:1939JAChS..61.2455M. doi:10.1021/ja01878a055. ISSN 0002-7863. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
^ P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2]". Polyhedron. 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN 0277-5387. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
^ Cameron J. Kepert, Lu Wei-Min, Peter C. Junk, Brian W. Skelton, Allan H. White (1999). "Structural Systematics of Rare Earth Complexes. X ('Maximally') Hydrated Rare Earth Acetates". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 52 (6): 437. doi:10.1071/CH98041. ISSN 0004-9425. Retrieved 2020-01-18.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Tang, Huian; Liu, Yanzhi; Zhao, Aiping. A preparation method of europium acetate [Patent]. CN104387254A. 2015.
^ Dobrokhotova, Zh. V.; Fomina, I. G.; Kiskin, M. A.; Bykov, M. A.; Belov, G. V.; Novotortsev, V. M. (2006), "The thermodynamic properties of rare-earth metal binuclear acetates and pivalates", Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry (in German), vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 323-329, Bibcode:2006RJPCA..80..323D, doi:10.1134/S0036024406030034, ISSN 0036-0244, S2CID 97590163{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2]". Polyhedron. 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN 0277-5387. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
^ ^a ^b Ogawa M, Manabe K. Thermal Decomposition of Europium (III) Acetate Tetrahydrate Archived 2019-02-01 at the Wayback Machine（酢酸ユウロピウム(III)4水和物の熱分解）. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 1988, 96(1117): 890-893.
^ Balboul, Basma A. A.; Zaki, Mohamed I (2011), "Thermal decomposition course of Eu(CH₃COO)₃·4H₂O and the reactivity at the gas/solid interface thus established", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (in German), vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 137-142, doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.05.004{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1] Note: The sesquihydrate of europium(III) acetate has the structure [Eu₂(CH₃COO)₆(H₂O)](H₂O)₂.

[Sonia-2] Sonia Gomez Torres, Ingo Pantenburg, Gerd Meyer (2006). "Direct Oxidation of Europium Metal with Acetic Acid: Anhydrous Europium(III) Acetate, Eu(OAc)3, its Sesqui-hydrate, Eu(OAc)3(H2O)1.5, and the "Hydrogendiacetate", [Eu(H(OAc)2)3](H2O)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 632 (12–13): 1989–1994. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600154. ISSN 1521-3749. Retrieved 2019-02-01.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Herbert N. McCoy (1939-09-01). "The Salts of Europium". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 61 (9): 2455–2456. Bibcode:1939JAChS..61.2455M. doi:10.1021/ja01878a055. ISSN 0002-7863. Retrieved 2019-02-01.

[4] P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2]". Polyhedron. 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN 0277-5387. Retrieved 2019-02-01.

[5] Cameron J. Kepert, Lu Wei-Min, Peter C. Junk, Brian W. Skelton, Allan H. White (1999). "Structural Systematics of Rare Earth Complexes. X ('Maximally') Hydrated Rare Earth Acetates". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 52 (6): 437. doi:10.1071/CH98041. ISSN 0004-9425. Retrieved 2020-01-18.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[6] Tang, Huian; Liu, Yanzhi; Zhao, Aiping. A preparation method of europium acetate [Patent]. CN104387254A. 2015.

[7] Dobrokhotova, Zh. V.; Fomina, I. G.; Kiskin, M. A.; Bykov, M. A.; Belov, G. V.; Novotortsev, V. M. (2006), "The thermodynamic properties of rare-earth metal binuclear acetates and pivalates", Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry (in German), vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 323-329, Bibcode:2006RJPCA..80..323D, doi:10.1134/S0036024406030034, ISSN 0036-0244, S2CID 97590163{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2]". Polyhedron. 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN 0277-5387. Retrieved 2019-02-01.

[Ogawa-9] Ogawa M, Manabe K. Thermal Decomposition of Europium (III) Acetate Tetrahydrate Archived 2019-02-01 at the Wayback Machine（酢酸ユウロピウム(III)4水和物の熱分解）. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 1988, 96(1117): 890-893.

[10] Balboul, Basma A. A.; Zaki, Mohamed I (2011), "Thermal decomposition course of Eu(CH₃COO)₃·4H₂O and the reactivity at the gas/solid interface thus established", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (in German), vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 137-142, doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.05.004{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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