Germanium tetrafluoride

Germanium tetrafluoride
Names
	IUPAC names Germanium tetrafluoride; Tetrafluorogermane; Tetrafluoridogermanium
	Other names Germanium(IV) fluoride; Germanium fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-58-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	74195 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.101
EC Number	232-011-3;
PubChem CID	82215;
UNII	X83T8V2NRK ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1064829 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/F4Ge/c1-5(2,3)4 Key: PPMWWXLUCOODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES F[Ge](F)(F)F;
Properties
Chemical formula	GeF4
Molar mass	148.634 g/mol
Appearance	colourless gas
Density	6.074 g/L (gas), 2.46 g/mL (liquid)
Melting point	−15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) at 4 bar
Boiling point	−36.5 °C (−33.7 °F; 236.7 K) sublimates
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−50.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Molecular shape	tetrahedral
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-8.008 kJ/g
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Reacts with water to form HF, corrosive
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314, H331, H372
Precautionary statements	P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P314, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 2 W
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Germanium tetrachloride; Germanium tetrabromide; Germanium tetraiodide
Other cations	Carbon tetrafluoride; Silicon tetrafluoride; Tin tetrafluoride; Lead tetrafluoride
Related compounds	Germanium difluoride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Germanium tetrafluoride (GeF₄) is a chemical compound of germanium and fluorine. It is a colorless gas.

Synthesis

Germanium tetrafluoride is formed by treating germanium with fluorine:

Ge + 2 F₂ → GeF₄

Alternatively germanium dioxide combines with hydrofluoric acid (HF):^[3]

GeO₂ + 4 HF → GeF₄ + 2 H₂O

It is also formed during the thermal decomposition of a complex salt, Ba[GeF₆]:^[4]

Ba(GeF₆) → GeF₄ + BaF₂

Properties

Germanium tetrafluoride is a noncombustible, strongly fuming gas with a garlic-like odor. It reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid and germanium dioxide. Decomposition occurs above 1000 °C.^[5]

Reaction of GeF₄ with fluoride sources produces GeF₅⁻ anions with octahedral coordination around Ge atom due to polymerization.^[6] The structural characterization of a discrete trigonal bipyramidal GeF₅⁻ anion was achieved by a "naked" fluoride reagent 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium fluoride.^[7]

Uses

In combination with disilane, germanium tetrafluoride is used for in the synthesis of SiGe.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Germanium(IV) fluoride. sigmaaldrich.com
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 376–377. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie
^ Germaniumtetrafluorid. IFA Database
^ Mallouk, T. E.; Desbat, B.; Bartlett, N. (1984). "Structural Studies of salts of cis and trans μ-Fluoro-Bridged Polymers of Pentafluorogermanate(1-) and of the Pentafluorogermanate(1-) Monomer". Inorganic Chemistry. 23 (20): 3160–3166. doi:10.1021/ic00188a027.
^ Alič, B.; Tramšek, M.; Kokalj, A.; Tavčar, G. (2017). "Discrete GeF₅^– Anion Structurally Characterized with a Readily Synthesized Imidazolium Based Naked Fluoride Reagent". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (16): 10070–10077. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01606. PMID 28792216.

External links

"Reactivity of a Naked Fluoride Reagent and Controlled Design of Germanium Fluorido-Anions."

[sigma-1] Germanium(IV) fluoride. sigmaaldrich.com

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[Greenwood-3] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 376–377. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[Brauer-4] Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie

[de-5] Germaniumtetrafluorid. IFA Database

[6] Mallouk, T. E.; Desbat, B.; Bartlett, N. (1984). "Structural Studies of salts of cis and trans μ-Fluoro-Bridged Polymers of Pentafluorogermanate(1-) and of the Pentafluorogermanate(1-) Monomer". Inorganic Chemistry. 23 (20): 3160–3166. doi:10.1021/ic00188a027.

[7] Alič, B.; Tramšek, M.; Kokalj, A.; Tavčar, G. (2017). "Discrete GeF₅^– Anion Structurally Characterized with a Readily Synthesized Imidazolium Based Naked Fluoride Reagent". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (16): 10070–10077. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01606. PMID 28792216.

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Germanium tetrafluoride

Synthesis

Properties

Uses

References

External links

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