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Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
Hispanic Americans make up an increasing share of the United States (U.S.) electorate. A significant proportion of Hispanic and Latin Americans vote for the Republican Party, and increasing numbers have been elected to office as Republicans. Opinion pieces that have appeared in magazines and websites such as FiveThirtyEight and The Atlantic have frequently argued that there is no such thing as a "Latin vote", as Latins and Hispanics do not tend to vote in a singular bloc.[1][2] Factors such as age, location, income, sex, religion, ethnicity, education, and immigration status can all significantly influence voting factors among Hispanics and Latins.[3] HistoryThe U.S. Census indicates that the Hispanic and Latin population of the U.S. is the fastest growing minority group in the country.[4] More than 12.8% of eligible voters nationwide are Hispanic or Latin.[5] 20th centuryPrior to the 1950's, Hispanic political affiliation swayed back and forth between the two major parties. From the American Civil War to the Great Depression, the majority of American Spanish Hispanics, as well as the majority of African-Americans, were Republicans. However, following the Great Depression, more Hispanics began to side with the Democratic party, due to Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal agenda. Many Hispanics were distrustful of Herbert Hoover and the Republican party, who they viewed as responsible for the economic crash.[6] American Hispanics first began to widely support a Republican candidate, Dwight D. Eisenhower, during the 1952 U.S. presidential election. Hispanic World War II veterans were drawn to support Eisenhower due to his service in the war, as well as the belief that he would be able to end the Korean war. Other non-veteran Hispanic voters were drawn to Eisenhower, due to his promotion of hard work, freedom, prosperity, and religious spirituality. Hispanic conservatives created groups such as "Latinos con Eisenhower" and pinned political buttons on their shirts stating "Me Gusta Ike".[7] In 1980, Republican Ben Fernandez became the first Hispanic to ever run for President of the United States.[8] Over the next decade, Ronald Reagan viewed Hispanic and Latin social values as closely related to conservative values, as both tended to place an emphasis on religious faith, family, and hard work. Additionally, both groups tended to maintain a strong opposition to abortion and same-sex marriage. Reagan often stated that "Hispanics are conservative. They just don’t know it.”[9] A record 29 million Hispanics and Latins were eligible to vote in the 2018 midterm elections, accounting for 12.8% of all eligible voters, a new high. They made up an estimated 11% of all voters nationwide on Election Day, nearly matching their share of the U.S. eligible voter population (U.S. citizens ages 18 and older).[10] 21st centuryIn the 2018 midterm elections, three out of four Hispanic and Latin voters supported a Democratic candidate.[11] However, Republicans are often supported Cuban-American and Venezuelan-American voters,[12] as well as among Latin voters in Florida and Texas.[11] Mexican-Americans, Puerto Rican-Americans, Salvadoran-Americans, Guatemalan-Americans, and Dominican-Americans tend to support the Democratic Party. As the latter groups are far more numerous (Mexican-Americans make up 64% of the Latin population in the United States),[13] the Democratic Party typically receives the majority of the Latin vote. Although Latins as a whole, tend to support Democratic candidates, the Democratic Party has lost ground among their voting population since its high-water mark in 2012.[14] In 2004, according to research by the Thomás Rivera Policy Institute, 58% of Hispanic and Latin voters self-identified as a Democrat, while 22% identified as a Republican and 19% as an Independent.[15] In 2006, 69% of Latin voters supported Democratic candidates in congressional races, while 30% supported Republican candidates. In 2008, 67% of Latins voted for then-Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama, while 31% of Hispanics voted for then-Republican presidential nominee John McCain.[16] During the 2010 midterm elections, 31% of eligible Hispanic and Latin voters turned out to vote.[17] 60% of Latins supported Democratic candidates, while 38% of Hispanics supported Republican candidates.[18] A 2012 study by the Center for Immigration Studies projected that in November 2012 Hispanics and Latins would comprise 17.2% of the total U.S. population, 15% of adults, 11.2% of adult citizens, and 8.9% of voters. By comparison, the report found that in 2012, Caucasians are expected to be 73.4% of the national vote and blacks are expected to be 12.2%. The report noted that by weight, "eight percentage points of the Latin vote nationally equals slightly less than one percentage point of the Caucasion vote." The study also compared the 8.9% Latin share of voters to veterans (12% of the electorate), those with family incomes above $100,000 (18%), seniors 65 and older (19%), married persons (60%), and those who live in owner-occupied housing (80%).[19] In terms of voter turnout, the Center for Studies projected that 52.7% (±0.6) of eligible Latins would vote in the 2012 election, an increase from 49.9% in 2008 and a continuation of the past decade's long upward trend. The projected Latin voter participation rate is 52.7% compared to 66.1% for Caucasians and 65.2% for blacks in 2008.[19] In 2012, 70% of Hispanic and Latin voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Democratic Party, while 20% of Hispanic voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Republican Party.[20] In 2014, out of the 25 million eligible Hispanic voters, 27%, or 6.8 million, cast ballots ballots.[21] During the 2016 presidential election, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump was supported by 57% of Cuban-American voters in Florida, while Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton received 40% of the vote[whose?].[22] In 2018, 29.1 million Hispanics and Latins were eligible to vote. 62% of Hispanic and Latin voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Democratic Party, whereas 27% of Hispanic voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Republican Party. Hispanic voters who primarily spoke English were more likely to support Republican candidates (33%), compared to voters who only spoke Spanish (15%).[23] In Florida, 66% of Cuban-Americans supported Republican gubernatorial nominee Ron DeSantis, while only 33% supported Democratic gubernatorial nominee Andrew Gillum, a 2 to 1 ratio for Republicans.[22] According to a 2019 Gallup Poll, 29% of Hispanics and Latins identify as conservative, and that same number, 29%, voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.[24] In the 2022 U.S. House Elections, 39% of Hispanic voters backed Republican candidates and 60% backed Democratic candidates.[25] This marks a decline for Democrats from the 2020 election, where Biden won roughly 65% of Hispanic voters to Trump's 33%. Elections
Key issuesIn an October 2010 Pew Hispanic Center report, Hispanics ranked education, jobs, and health care as their top three issues of concern, while immigration ranked as the fourth most important issue.[38] In 2020, the economy, health care, and the COVID-19 pandemic were reported to be the top three most important issues for Hispanic voters.[39] EconomyIn 2022, economic issues remain the primary concern for Hispanic voters. In a Wall Street Journal poll, Hispanic men stated that Republicans possessed better economic policy, by a margin of 17 points, while Hispanic women stated that Democrats had better economic policy, by a 10-point margin.[40] Gun ControlAccording to a 2022 Pew Research Center poll, 54% of Hispanic Republicans and conservative-leaning independents find it more important to protect gun ownership rights than to control gun ownership. In comparison, 83% of non-Hispanic Republicans hold the same belief.[41] Gender-neutral terminologyThe use of the gender-neutral term "Latinx" is highly unpopular among Hispanic and Latin voters, with over 90% disliking the term.[42] The term has been used by prominent Democratic politicians such as Joe Biden, Elizabeth Warren, and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez; who have been widely mocked by many Republicans, Hispanics, and Latins for its use.[43][44][45][46] A 2021 poll found that 30% of Hispanic voters are less likely to vote for a politician who uses the term "Latinx". 68% of Hispanic voters prefer the term "Hispanic", while 21% of voters prefer the term "Latin". By comparison, only 2% of Hispanic voters embrace the term "Latinx". Furthermore, 40% of American Hispanics state that the term "Latinx" bothers or offends them.[47][48] ImmigrationHispanic voters who are immigrants or the children of immigrants are more likely to vote for the Democratic Party, while Hispanic voters whose ancestors have lived in the United States for multiple generations are more likely to be split or vote for the Republican Party.[1][2] The Hispanic vote is sometimes associated with immigration issues such as immigration reform, immigration enforcement, and amnesty for undocumented immigrants. However, immigration could be an issue no more important than unemployment or the economy for many Hispanic American citizens.[49] Timeline of events  .jpg)          This is a timeline of significant events in Spanish, Hispanic and Latin history which have shaped the conservative movement in the United States.
Politicians
Judges
Athletes and entertainers
Law
Science
Columnists, authors and journalists
Education and Business
Activists
See also
Further reading
References
Information related to Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States |
Index:
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