John Holmes (Maine politician)

John Holmes
John Holmes
United States Senator; from Maine
	In office; June 13, 1820 – March 3, 1827
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	Albion Parris
	In office; January 15, 1829 – March 3, 1833
Preceded by	Albion Parris
Succeeded by	Ether Shepley
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives; from Massachusetts's 14th district
	In office; March 4, 1817 – March 15, 1820
Preceded by	Cyrus King
Succeeded by	District eliminated until 1903
Member of the Massachusetts Senate
	In office; 1813–1817
Member of the Maine House of Representatives
	In office; 1836–1837
Personal details
Born	March 14, 1773; Kingston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America
Died	July 7, 1843 (aged 70); Portland, Maine, U.S.
Resting place	Cotton Brooks, Eastern Cemetery, Portland, Maine
Political party	Democratic-Republican; National Republican
Alma mater	Rhode Island College
Profession	Lawyer

John Holmes (March 14, 1773 – July 7, 1843) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and was one of the first two U.S. senators from Maine. Holmes was noted for his involvement in the Treaty of Ghent.

Biography

Holmes was born in Kingston in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and attended public schools in Kingston. In 1796, he graduated from the College of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (the former name of Brown University) in Providence, Rhode Island. Holmes studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1799, opening a law practice in Alfred in Massachusetts' District of Maine. At this time, he was also engaged in literary pursuits.

Career

Holmes, a Democratic-Republican, was elected to the Massachusetts General Court in 1802, 1803, and 1812. He was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate in 1813 and 1814.

In 1816, Holmes was one of the commissioners under the Treaty of Ghent to divide the islands of Passamaquoddy Bay between the United States and Great Britain. He was also appointed by the legislature to organize state prisons and revise the Massachusetts criminal code.

Holmes was elected as a United States representative from Massachusetts in 1816, serving from March 4, 1817, to his resignation on March 15, 1820. During the 16th Congress, Holmes served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State. Holmes supported William H. Crawford, (a "Crawford Republican"), and John Quincy Adams. He was opposed to Andrew Jackson (an "Anti-Jackson").

Holmes supported the Missouri Compromise, and was praised by Thomas Jefferson for his pamphlet Mr. Holmes's Letter to the People of Maine. In the letter, Jefferson thanks Holmes for a copy of this pamphlet. This pamphlet defends Holmes's position on supporting the Missouri Compromise—the admission of Maine as a free state with the admission of Missouri as a slave state, which was an unpopular position in Maine. Jefferson himself rejected the compromise:

But this momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. it is hushed indeed for the moment. but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. a geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper. (...) An abstinence too from this act of power would remove the jealousy excited by the undertaking of Congress, to regulate the condition of the different descriptions of men composing a state. this certainly is the exclusive right of every state, which nothing in the constitution has taken from them and given to the general government. could congress, for example say that the Non-freemen of Connecticut, shall be freemen, or that they shall not emigrate into any other state?
— Letter by Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820^[2]

Holmes was later a delegate to the Maine Constitutional Convention. Upon separation from Massachusetts and the admission of Maine as a state, he was elected to the United States Senate and served from June 13, 1820, to March 3, 1827. Holmes was again elected to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Albion Parris, serving from January 15, 1829, to March 3, 1833. During the 17th Congress, Holmes served as chairman of the Committee on Finance (1821–1822); during the 21st Congress, Holmes was chairman of the Committee on Pensions.

After leaving the Senate, Holmes resumed his law practice. From 1836 to 1837, he was a member of the Maine House of Representatives. In 1841, Holmes was appointed as the United States Attorney for the District of Maine, a post he held until his death in Portland on July 7, 1843.^[3]

Death and legacy

Holmes was interred in a private tomb of Cotton Brooks, Eastern Cemetery.

In 1840, Holmes published The Statesman, Or Principles of Legislation and Law, a law book.^[4]

Footnotes

^ This district was moved to Maine as a result of the Missouri Compromise in 1820.
^ Founders Online, Letter to Holmes, April 22, 1820
^ "Holmes, John, (1773–1843)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
^ "The statesman, or, Principles of legislation and Law". AbeBooks.com. Retrieved August 26, 2012.

External links

United States Congress. "John Holmes (id: H000739)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Engraving of John Holmes from the Maine Memory Network

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Cyrus King	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 14th congressional district March 4, 1817 – March 15, 1820	Succeeded by district moved to Maine
U.S. Senate
Preceded by None	U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maine 1820–1827 Served alongside: John Chandler	Succeeded by Albion Parris
Preceded by Albion Parris	U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maine 1829–1833 Served alongside: John Chandler, Peleg Sprague	Succeeded by Ether Shepley
Political offices
Preceded by Nathan Sanford New York	Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance 1821–1822	Succeeded by Walter Lowrie Pennsylvania