This article is about Malcolm X Boulevard in Manhattan. For Malcolm X Boulevard in Brooklyn, see Utica Avenue. For Malcolm X Avenue in Washington, DC, see Congress Heights. For the ballet by William Grant Still, see Lenox Avenue (Still).
Lenox Avenue – also named Malcolm X Boulevard; both names are officially recognized – is the primary north–south route through Harlem in the upper portion of the New York Cityborough of Manhattan. This two-way street runs from Farmers' Gate at Central Park North (110th Street) to 147th Street. Its traffic is figuratively described as "Harlem's heartbeat" by Langston Hughes in his poem Juke Box Love Song.[2]
Originally a part of Sixth Avenue, the segment north of Central Park was renamed in late 1887[4] for philanthropist James Lenox. In 1987, it was co-named Malcolm X Boulevard, in honor of the slain civil rights leader.[5][6]
Co-signing of Lenox Avenue and Malcolm X Boulevard
The avenue was the heart of Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s. The street brought together African Americans, Latinos, British West Indians, and Spaniards who developed relationships over common interests such as jazz and food.[7] In 1932, Harlem was so firmly established as the world capital of jazz and African-American culture in general that "black cinema" films like Harlem Is Heaven were playing on the nation's big screens. Jazz flourished and grew like it could have in no other time and place. "You might have had 15 great clubs on one block, all going at once," said the trombonist and bandleader Wycliffe Gordon. "Imagine going into a joint to check out Willie 'The Lion' Smith, and sitting next to you are Duke Ellington and James P. Johnson." Lenox Avenue is thought by some to be one of the most important streets in the world for African American culture.[8]
The Savoy Ballroom was located between 140th and 141st Streets on Lenox Avenue.[9] Other historical venues of Lenox Avenue are Sylvia's Restaurant, located between 126th and 127th; and the Lenox Lounge, located between 124th and 125th.
Transportation
The IRT Lenox Avenue Line runs under the entire length of the street, serving the New York City Subway's 2 and 3 trains. The M7 and M102 serve Lenox north of West 116th Street, respectively coming from west and east, and the M1 joins in north of West 139th Street. All three run to West 147th Street (Harlem) or from West 146th Street (opposite terminals).
Lenox Avenue – 1937 composition and 1938 ballet by William Grant Still[10]
The corner of Lenox Avenue and 125th Street is mentioned in the song "When the Revolution Comes" by The Last Poets on their self-titled album (1970).[11]
The video for Madonna's 1994 single "Secret" was shot on Lenox Avenue.[12]
"Lenox Avenue: Midnight", a well-known poem by Langston Hughes, is set on Lenox Avenue, as is his "The Weary Blues". The avenue is mentioned in his "Juke Box Love Song" and "Consider Me".
The avenue is featured in the first verse of the original Irving Berlin lyrics of "Puttin' On the Ritz". The song refers to the then-popular fad of poor but flashily dressed black Harlemites parading up and down Lenox Avenue, "Spending ev'ry dime / For a wonderful time".
The last line of the "Strut Miss Lizzie" patter has "...get set for Lenox Avenue."
In the 1995 movie Die Hard with a Vengeance, Simon Peter Gruber requires Lieutenant John McClane to get to the crossing of Lenox Anenue and the 128th Street, where he is quickly meeting with buddy Zeus (played by Samuel L. Jackson), although the scene was actually shot in Audubon Avenue, close to West 175th Street (Washington Heights, Manhattan)
![The Ebenezer Gospel Tabernacle at 121st Street, formerly the Lenox Avenue Unitarian Church (1889)[13]: 59](File:Ebenezer_Gospel_Tabernacle_Lenox_Av_jeh.jpg)
![Ephesus Seventh-Day Adventist Church at 123rd Street, formerly the Second Collegiate Church of Harlem (1887)[13]: 64](File:2nd_Ref_Church_Harlem_sunny_jeh.jpg)
