Whitehall Street is one of New York's oldest streets, having been a 17th-century road in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. It was known as Marckvelt by 1658 and as Whitehall Street by 1731. Over the years, the street has been widened and modified to accommodate different traffic patterns. Whitehall Street contains several structures, including the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House and 2 Broadway at its northern end. The street has entrances to the New York City Subway's Whitehall Street–South Ferry station at both its ends, as well as the Staten Island Ferry terminal and Battery Maritime Building at its southern end.
Description
The northern end of Whitehall Street is commonly cited as being at Stone Street, just south of Bowling Green, where southbound traffic from Broadway continues onto Whitehall Street.[1][2] According to street signs, Whitehall Street begins half a block north at the southern edge of Bowling Green.[3] Near that location, on the site of modern-day 2 Broadway, Whitehall Street and Broadway formerly intersected with Marketfield Street.[4][5] That intersection was eliminated in 1880 for the construction of the New York Produce Exchange.[4]
Whitehall Street carries southbound traffic two blocks from Stone Street, intersecting with Bridge Street and Pearl Street.[3] These two blocks of Whitehall Street are preserved as part of the New Amsterdam street grid, a New York City designated landmark.[1] South of Pearl Street, Whitehall Street continues for another two blocks, carrying northbound traffic. The street intersects with State Street/Water Street before terminating at the FDR Drive. The southernmost block, adjacent to the Whitehall Ferry Terminal, provides access from FDR Drive to the Battery.[3]
History
Whitehall Street is one of New York City's oldest streets, having been built by c. 1626, shortly after the Dutch West India Company established New Amsterdam.[6] During the Dutch colonial era, part of the street was known as Markvelt or Marckvelt,[7][8] though the name seems to have only applied to the northern portion.[9] Another part of Whitehall Street was also known as Beurs Straat,[10] while the block from Pearl to State Streets was known as Waterside or Lang Straat.[9] In the 1640s, numerous settlers were given land grants on Whitehall Street.[11] At the intersection of what is now Pearl and Whitehall Streets, Dutch colonial governor Peter Stuyvesant built the Governor's House c. 1657.[12][13] The British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664, and thereafter the building became known as the "Whitehall", for England's seat of government, Whitehall in London.[14][15][16]
In 1676, the street was described as containing "twelve houses of the better class".[8] Under the leadership of British colonial governor Edmund Andros, a large semicircular wood-and-stone fortification was built at the southern end of the modern Whitehall Street. It was commonly known as the Whitehall Battery.[17][18] There was also a drinking well, "De Riemer's Well" in the center of Whitehall Street near Bridge Street.[19] The section between State and Pearl Streets was known as Leisler Street by 1720. The entire street had commonly become known as "Whitehall Street" by 1731.[20]
By 1790, Whitehall Street had assumed its current layout when Government House was built at the northern end of the street.[6] The section of Whitehall Street from Bowling Green to State Street was widened and straightened in 1859.[21][22]
Modifications to Whitehall Street's traffic patterns were made in the 21st century. In 2010, the New York City Department of Transportation announced plans to improve the intersection of Water and Whitehall Streets by creating a painted pedestrian plaza on an underused slip road in the northeast corner of the intersection. The block of Whitehall Street from Pearl to Water Streets would also be converted from a two-way street to a northbound-only street, with a painted sidewalk on the eastern side of the block.[23][24] In May 2012, following the successful implementation of the pedestrian plaza between Pearl and Water Streets, additional painted pedestrian spaces were proposed on both sides of Whitehall Street from Pearl Street to Bowling Green.[25][26] These improvements were completed by September 2012.[27]
The Army Building at 39 Whitehall Street, between Pearl and Water Streets, was used as offices, a military recruiting center, and an Armed Forces Examination and Entrance Station (i.e. induction center) from 1884 until the end of the Vietnam War.[38][39] Nearly three million Americans were inducted at the Army Building before it was closed after two bombings by war resisters (in 1968 and 1969[38]).[40] The damage was superficial[38] and, in 1986, it was repurposed as a glass-skinned condominium with retail space, ten additional floors, and the alternate address of 3 New York Plaza.[41]
Just south of 3 New York Plaza is 1 New York Plaza, which occupies the eastern sidewalk of Whitehall Street between Water Street and the FDR Drive. The 50-story building was built in 1969 to designs by William Lescaze & Assocs. and Kahn & Jacobs.[42]
The New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion, in Peter Minuit Plaza on Whitehall Street at the intersection of State Street, was a gift from the Netherlands to New York City, honoring the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's arrival in New York Harbor in 1609.[43] The 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) pavilion, in the shape of a flower, was designed by the Dutch architects Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos,[44] and features radiating bars of LEDs; it is both a café and a visitors center. The stone plaza is a landscaped platform ("plein" in Dutch) with benches of modern design, walkways with engraved passages from Russell Shorto's The Island at the Center of the World, about the founding of Manhattan, and a map of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam from 1660, carved in stone.[45]
Former buildings
2 Broadway was the site of the New York Produce Exchange. The exchange's structure, designed by George B. Post and completed in 1884, was the first building in the world to combine wrought iron and masonry in its structural construction.[46] It was demolished in 1957 to make way for 2 Broadway.[47]
The Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House was the site of Fort Amsterdam, constructed by the Dutch West India Company to defend their operations in the Hudson Valley. The fort became the nucleus of the New Amsterdam settlement, and in turn, of New York City.[48][28][49] The Government House was subsequently built on the site of Fort Amsterdam and, after 1799, housed a previous location of the Custom House for the Port of New York.[28][50] The old Government House was demolished in 1815,[51] and the site was later developed with the houses of several wealthy New Yorkers.[52]
Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant, now long demolished.[14][15] On the Castello Plan of 1660, Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River. The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century New Amsterdam are seen to extend behind it, laid out in a patterned parterre of four squares. Other grounds in the center of blocks behind houses are commons and market gardens.[53]
The Whitehall Street–South Ferry station (1, N, R, and W trains) of the New York City Subway is located on Whitehall Street.[62] Entrances are located at the northern and southern ends of the street (at Stone Street and the Staten Island Ferry terminal, respectively).[63] The Bowling Green subway station (4 and 5 trains), just north of the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House,[63] is also on Whitehall Street.[63][62] The small segment from South to State/Water Streets, where the M15 SBS intersects, is ran by the uptown M15, M20 and M55 (downtown buses use Broad Street).[64]
^Feirstein, Sanna (2001). Naming New York : Manhattan places & how they got their names. New York: New York University Press. p. 31. ISBN978-0-8147-2712-6. OCLC45209072.
^ abMoscow, Henry (1979). The Street Book: An Encyclopedia of Manhattan's Street Names and Their Origins. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 112. ISBN0-8232-1275-0.
Kadaverina Nama Nama IUPAC (preferensi) Pentane-1,5-diamine Nama lain 1,5-Diaminopentane Penanda Nomor CAS 462-94-2 Y Model 3D (JSmol) Gambar interaktif 3DMet {{{3DMet}}} Referensi Beilstein 1697256 ChEBI CHEBI:18127 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL119296 Y ChemSpider 13866593 Y DrugBank DB03854 Y Nomor EC Referensi Gmelin 2310 KEGG C01672 Y MeSH Cadaverine PubChem CID 273 Nomor RTECS {{{value}}} UNII L90BEN6OLL Y Nomor UN 2735 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID5075448 InChI InChI=…
East European theater of World War I Eastern FrontPart of the European theatre of World War I and the Central Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War (1917-1918)Clockwise from top left: soldiers stationed in the Carpathian Mountains, 1915; German soldiers in Kyiv, March 1918; the Russian ship Slava, October 1917; Russian infantry, 1914; Romanian infantryDate1 August 1914 – 3 March 1918(3 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days)LocationCentral and Eastern EuropeResult Centra…
Dolphin naiantDolphin hauriant In heraldry, the dolphin is an ornamental creature in the form of a large fish, bearing little resemblance to the true natural dolphin, a marine mammal. The dolphin is found as a charge in early heraldic representations, often with an arched back and fish-like fins. Its attitude is usually shown as either naiant – (Old French, now present participle nageant, swimming) that is, horizontally as though swimming in water – or hauriant – that is, shown upright. Th…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant un homme politique français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Salmon. Emeric Salmon Émeric Salmon en commémoration à Lure (2023) Fonctions Député français En fonction depuis le 22 juin 2022(1 an, 9 mois et 15 jours) Élection 19 juin 2022 Circonscription 2e de la Haute-Saône Législature XVIe (Cinquième R…
Traudl JungeJunge pada 1945LahirGertraud Humps(1920-03-16)16 Maret 1920Munich, Bavaria, GermanyMeninggal10 Februari 2002(2002-02-10) (umur 81)Munich, Bavaria, JermanSebab meninggalKankerKebangsaanJermanPekerjaanSekretaris, wartawan ilmiah sub-editorTempat kerjaAdolf HitlerDikenal atasSekretaris pribadi Adolf Hitler pada masa Perang Dunia KeduaSuami/istriHans Junge (terbunuh saat bertugas pada 1944)AnaknoneOrang tuaMax Humps and Hildegard Humps (née Zottmann)KerabatSaudari; Inge Humps …
Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Venezuela national football team di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: pa…
Voce principale: Law & Order - Unità vittime speciali. Il cast principale durante la quattordicesima stagione:Dann Florek (Cap. Donald Cragen), Danny Pino (Det. Nick Amaro), Mariska Hargitay (Det. Olivia Benson), Kelli Giddish (Det. Amanda Rollins), Richard Belzer (Serg. John Munch) e Ice-T (Det. Odafin Tutuola). La quattordicesima stagione della serie televisiva Law & Order - Unità vittime speciali, composta da 24 episodi, è stata trasmessa in prima visione negli Stati Uniti da NBC d…
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Venice–Trieste railway – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Venice–Trieste railwayGaggio station on the Venice–Trieste railway in 2008OverviewStatusin useOwnerRFILocaleItalyTerminiVeniceTri…
Campionati italiani femminili assoluti di atletica leggera 1941 Competizione Campionati italiani assoluti Sport Atletica leggera Edizione XIX Organizzatore FIDAL Date 13 luglio3 agosto (staffette) Luogo ModenaPiacenza (staffette) Discipline 10 Impianto/i Stadio Cesare MarzariStadio del Littorio Cronologia della competizione 1940(uomini, donne) 1942(uomini, donne) Manuale I XIX campionati italiani femminili assoluti di atletica leggera si sono tenuti presso lo stadio Cesare Marzari di Modena il 1…
National identity card of Iran You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Persian. (July 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to…
المسعودي تمثال تكريمي لِلعلَّامة أبو الحسن علي بن الحُسين المسعودي في النمسا معلومات شخصية الميلاد 283 هـبغداد الوفاة 346 هـالقاهرة مواطنة عربي الكنية أبو الحسن [لغات أخرى] اللقب المسعودي الديانة مسلم أقرباء عبد الله بن مسعود (سلف) الحياة العملية تعلم لدى نفطو…
Role of the trombone in jazz music Craig Harris playing trombone The trombone is a musical instrument from the brass instrument family. Trombone's first premiere in jazz was with Dixieland jazz as a supporting role within the Dixie Group. This role later grew into the spotlight as players such as J.J. Johnson and Jack Teagarden began to experiment more with the instrument, finding that it can fill in roles along with the saxophone and trumpet in bebop. The trombone has since grown to be featured…
Equipment used in the storing or serving of wine Wine accessories are things that may be used in the storage or serving of wine. Wine accessories include many items such as wine glasses, corkscrews, and wine racks. Glasses Main article: Wine glass Wine glasses are a type of glass stemware that are used to drink and taste wine from. Selection of a particular wine glass for a wine style is important, as the glass shape can influence its perception. Bottle openers See also: Corkscrew A Champagne sw…
International scientific academy Global Young AcademyFormation2010TypeAcademy of SciencesRegion WorldwideMembership 200 (full capacity)Co-ChairsFelix Moronta Barrios, Priscilla Kolibea ManteManaging DirectorBeate WagnerPast Co-ChairsKoen Vermeir, Connie NshemereirweMain organExecutive Committee, elected by the General AssemblyAffiliationsInterAcademy Partnership, International Science CouncilWebsiteglobalyoungacademy.net Members and alumni of the Global Young Academy at the 2019 anniversary Annu…
Group of four emerging national economies Not to be confused with BRICS. For other uses, see BRIC (disambiguation). It has been suggested that this article be merged into BRICS. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2023. BRICLocationBrazil, Russia, India, and ChinaTypeForeign investment strategies groupingMembershipBrazilRussiaIndiaChinaArea• Total38,464,219 km2 (14,851,118 sq mi)Population• 2022 estimate3,157,441,470GDP (PPP)2022 estimate• Total$49.967…
2023 Virginia House of Delegates election ← 2021 November 7, 2023 2025 → All 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates[a]51 seats needed for a majorityTurnout39% 15.9[1] Majority party Minority party Leader Don Scott Todd Gilbert Party Democratic Republican Leader since June 1, 2022 January 8, 2020 Leader's seat 88th–Portsmouth 33rd–Woodstock Last election 48 52 Seats won 51 49 Seat change 3 3 Popular vote 1…
Swedish professor of physics and astronomer Bengt Edlén (right) with king Gustaf VI Adolf. Bengt Edlén (2 November 1906, Gusum – 10 February 1993, Lund) was a Swedish professor of physics and astronomer who specialized in spectroscopy. He was the first who identified the unknown coronal spectral lines in the Corona, which was used to calculate the temperature of the corona. Biography Bengt Edlén was born on 2 November 1906 in Gusum, Sweden. He graduated from high school in Norrköping i…