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Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)

 Broad Street
 "J" train​"Z" train
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Southbound/terminating platform
Station statistics
AddressBroad Street & Wall Street
New York, New York
BoroughManhattan
LocaleFinancial District
Coordinates40°42′25″N 74°00′39″W / 40.70694°N 74.01083°W / 40.70694; -74.01083
DivisionB (BMT)[1]
Line   BMT Nassau Street Line
Services   J all times (all times)
​   Z rush hours, peak direction (rush hours, peak direction)
TransitBus transport New York City Transit: M15, M15 SBS, M55, SIM1, SIM1C, SIM2, SIM3C, SIM5, SIM15, SIM32, SIM33C, SIM34, SIM35, X27, X28
MTA Bus: BM1, BM2, BM3, BM4, QM7, QM8, QM11, QM25
Ferry transportation Staten Island Ferry at Whitehall Terminal
StructureUnderground
Platforms2 side platforms
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedMay 29, 1931; 93 years ago (1931-05-29)[2]
Accessiblenot ADA-accessible; accessibility planned
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Traffic
20231,214,353[3] Increase 17.6%
Rank253 out of 423[3]
Services
Preceding station New York City Subway New York City Subway Following station
Fulton Street
J all times ​Z rush hours, peak direction
toward Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer
 Terminus
Location
Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line) is located in New York City Subway
Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)
Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line) is located in New York City
Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)
Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line) is located in New York
Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)
Track layout

Legend
to Fulton Street
to Whitehall St–South Ferry
to Court Street
Street map

Map

Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only Stops rush hours in the peak direction only

The Broad Street station is a station on the BMT Nassau Street Line of the New York City Subway at the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets in the Financial District of Manhattan. It serves as the southern terminal for J trains at all times and for Z trains during rush hours in the peak direction.

The station was built as part of the Dual Contracts, signed between the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (later reorganized as the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT) and the city in 1913. The Nassau Street Line was one of the last lines to be completed under the Dual Contracts, and construction did not proceed until James Walker was elected as mayor of New York City in 1926. This station opened on May 29, 1931, as part of the final portion of the Nassau Street Line. Despite being under Broad and Nassau Streets, with Wall Street as the cross-street, this station was named after Broad Street to prevent confusion with other stations. Between 1990 and 2015, Broad Street was only open on weekdays and weekday nights.

History

Planning and construction

On March 19, 1913, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; after 1923, the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation or BMT[4]) and the city signed Contract 4 of the Dual Contracts, which provided for the construction of certain lines, including the Nassau Street Line.[5] In July 1915, the New York Public Service Commission received the rights to build subway entrances within five buildings near the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets, which would have served the proposed BRT station there. Among the buildings were the New York Stock Exchange Building, the Mills Building, and 23 Wall Street.[6] Most of the BMT's Dual Contracts lines were completed by 1924, except for the Nassau Street Line.[5] BMT chairman Gerhard Dahl was persistent at requesting that the city build the line, saying in 1923 that the BMT was willing to operate the line as soon as the city completed it.[7] At the time, the BMT was planning to construct two stations on the Nassau Street Line, including one at the intersection of Wall and Broad Streets.[8] However, mayor John Hylan refused to act during his final two years in office.[5] BOT chairman John H. Delaney believed that the line was unnecessary because both of its planned stations would be extremely close to existing subway stations.[9] Meanwhile, the BMT claimed that the city's failure to complete the line was overburdening other BMT lines.[10] By January 1925, the BMT was asking its passengers to pressure Hylan into approving the remainder of the Nassau Street Line.[11] Work did not commence until after James Walker succeeded Hylan as mayor at the end of 1925.[5]

The city government agreed to build the Nassau Street Line in May 1927,[12] after the BMT sued the city for $30 million.[12][13] At the time, the city wanted to take over the BMT's lines but could not do so until all Dual Contracts lines were completed.[13] The BOT received bids for the construction of the line that July,[14] but it rejected every bid the next month because of concerns over the lowest bidder's ability to complete the work.[13][15] That September, contractors again submitted bids to the BOT; some bidders offered to build the entire line, while others only offered to construct the segments of the line to the north or south of Liberty Street.[14] The BOT awarded construction contracts for the line's construction two months later. The Marcus Contracting Company was hired to build the portion north of Liberty Street, including the Fulton Street station, for $4.7 million, while Moranti and Raymond were hired to build the portion to the south for $5.7 million.[16][17] The New York City Board of Estimate approved the contracts in January 1928, allowing the builders to construct the line using the cut-and-cover method, despite merchants' requests that the line be constructed using tunneling shields.[18]

The line was constructed 20 feet (6.1 m) below the active IRT Lexington Avenue Line, next to buildings along the narrow Nassau Street, and the project encountered difficulties such as quicksand.[5][19] When the construction contracts were awarded, work had been projected to be completed in 39 months.[5] Nassau Street is only 34 feet (10 m) wide, and the subway floor was only 20 feet (6.1 m) below building foundations. As a result, 89 buildings had to be underpinned to ensure that they would stay on their foundations. Construction had to be done 20 feet below the active IRT Lexington Avenue Line. An area filled with quicksand with water, which used to belong to a spring, was found between John Street and Broad Street.[5] Additionally, the station underpinned the former Sub-Treasury building (now Federal Hall) at the northeast corner of Wall Street and Nassau Street; the city had to receive permission from the United States Congress to dig under the building, and it constructed a new foundation for that edifice.[20] Construction was done at night so as to not disturb workers in the Financial District.[5][21]

By early 1929, sixty percent of the work had been finished.[5][22] The project was 80 percent complete by April 1930.[23][21] Later that year, a federal judge ruled that the city government did not have to pay the BMT $30 million in damages for failing to construct the Nassau Street Line.[24] The total construction cost was $10.072 million[19][25] for 0.9 miles (1.4 km) of new tunnels, or $2,068 per foot ($6,780/m), which was three times the normal cost of construction at the time.[5]

Operation

Grecian revival tablet and frieze circa 1996 from original Vickers design

The station opened on May 29, 1931, completing what was known as the "Nassau Street Loop".[26][27][28] The loop ran from the line's previous terminus at Chambers Street, running through the Fulton Street and Broad Street stations before merging with the Montague Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.[29] The completion of the line relieved congestion on several BMT lines to southern Brooklyn, which previously had to operate to Midtown Manhattan using the Broadway Line.[30] When the line was completed, Culver Line trains began operating on the loop; previously, elevated Culver Line trains from Coney Island ran only as far as Ninth Avenue, where transfers were made to West End subway trains. The new line provided an additional ten percent capacity compared with existing service through DeKalb Avenue. Service on the Jamaica Line was extended to operate to this station.[31][32]

The station is under Broad and Nassau Streets, with Wall Street as the cross-street, but was named after Broad Street to distinguish it from the two other Wall Street stations nearby, at Broadway and at William Street.[20][33] When the station opened, it had 14 exits to nearby buildings.[20][21] Banking firm J.P. Morgan & Co., which occupied a structure at 23 Wall Street (on the southwest corner with Broad and Nassau Streets), paid for the installation of bronze rails and stanchions on the subway entrance just outside its building. Other entrances were built to the basements of the Equitable Building and the Bankers Trust Company Building. In addition, there were street entrances outside the New York Stock Exchange Building; to the intersection of Broad Street and Exchange Place; and to the northwest corners of Nassau and Cedar Streets.[20]

In April 1993, the New York State Legislature agreed to give the MTA $9.6 billion for capital improvements. Some of the funds would be used to renovate nearly one hundred New York City Subway stations,[34][35] including Broad Street.[36] From September 30, 1990,[37] to June 14, 2015, the Broad and Fulton Street stations were closed during weekends, making them two of the only New York City Subway stations that lacked full-time service.[38]

Proposed elevators

A proposed skyscraper at 45 Broad Street will provisionally include an entrance to the station that contains elevators, making the station compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.[39] The plans call for two elevators, one for each platform, at the northeastern and southwestern corners of Broad Street and Exchange Place.[40] The New York City Council approved the construction of the elevators in July 2018, and granted the developers an additional 71,391 square feet (6,632.4 m2) in zoning rights in exchange for building the elevators.[41]

Residents and tenants of 15 and 30 Broad Street opposed construction of glass-and-metal elevators, saying they posed a risk for terrorist attacks; the buildings' occupants hired a security consultant who determined they were a terrorist risk.[42] However, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority hired its own security consultant who found they would not make the area more prone to terrorist attacks. Regular riders at the Broad Street station also advocated for the elevators because only six of the 30 stations served by the J and Z trains were wheelchair-accessible as of 2020.[42]

Station layout

Ground Street Level Entrance/exit
Mezzanine Fare control, station agent, out-of-system passageway to Wall Street
Platform level Side platform
Northbound ← "J" train ("Z" train PM Rush) toward Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer (Fulton Street)
Southbound "J" train"Z" train termination track →
(No service: Court Street)
Side platform
A consist of R42 cars in J service at Broad Street

This station has two tracks and two side platforms[43] and is approximately 535 feet (163 m) long.[21] The J train stops here at all times, while the Z train stops here during rush hours in the peak direction.[44] The Broad Street station is the southern terminus of both routes; the next station to the north is Fulton Street.[45] In contrast to the Fulton Street station, which is built on two levels because of the narrowness of Nassau Street, the Broad Street station is wide enough to accommodate both tracks on the same level.[20][21] South of this station, there are two center stub tracks ending at bumper blocks used for laying-up and relaying trains.[20][43] Trains terminate on the southbound track and continue to the center stub tracks, where they reverse direction. There is also a single switch north of the station to enable trains on the southbound track to return to the northbound track.[43]

Further south, the two tracks of the BMT Nassau Street Line merge with the BMT Broadway Line via a flying junction as it enters the Montague Street Tunnel into Downtown Brooklyn.[43] After the line merges with the Montague Street Tunnel, the next station to the south is Court Street.[43] No regular service has used this connection since the M train was rerouted in June 2010.[46][47]

The station originally had red tile bands, similar to those used on the Independent Subway System.[48][49] This station was renovated in the late 1990s and a mosaic design was added to the platform walls. Beneath a small green and gold trim-line is a larger gold trim-line with a maroon border and white "B" and "BROAD ST" tablets on a blue-green background at regular intervals.[50]

Exits

Entrance next to 23 Wall Street, following the restoration of full-time service to the station

This station has three entrance and exit areas, with eight total stairways. The full-time entrance/exit is at the north end above the platforms. Two staircases from each side go up to a mezzanine containing a turnstile bank and station agent's booth. Outside of fare control, two street stairs go up to the southeastern corner of Wall and Broad Streets (outside 23 Wall Street).[51] Two more street stairs go up to the southwestern corner of the same intersection and lie outside of the New York Stock Exchange Building (NYSE). After the September 11 attacks in 2001, the stair facing away from Wall Street was closed off by the New York City Police Department, which had instituted a security zone around the NYSE.[5][50] In 2012, the stair facing towards Wall Street was closed when the security zone was reorganized.[52] In 2017, the two exits were proposed to be sealed as part of general improvements in that area, but no action was taken.[53] In 2019, the MTA again proposed permanently closing and removing the stairways to allow the NYSE to improve the streetscape just outside the building.[52]

The other two fare entrances/exits are unstaffed and at platform level. The northbound platform has a part-time bank of both regular and HEET turnstiles and three street stairs, one to the northeastern corner of Exchange Place and Broad Street (outside 15 Broad Street) and two along Broad Street between Exchange Place and Beaver Street (outside the Broad Exchange Building).[51] The southbound platform has turnstiles that were originally HEET access, but were converted to exit-only following the elimination of through service at this station. Two staircases go to Broad Street between Exchange Place and Beaver Street, outside 30 Broad Street.[51] A third on the southwestern corner of Exchange Place and Broad Street was closed and sealed. There is another exit-only staircase at the station leading to the northwestern corner of Broad Street and Exchange Place. It was previously closed by the New York City Police Department as well, but was reopened when security zone was reorganized.[50]

Outside of fare control, the station's main entrance/exit has a long passage that is only open weekdays from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. It runs north three blocks to the basement of 28 Liberty Street, where two sets of doors and a wide staircase lead to an unmarked entrance/exit at the east side of Nassau Street at Cedar Street. This entrance also provides access to the Wall Street/William Street station (2 and ​3 trains) and the Wall Street/Broadway station (4 and ​5 trains).[51] The passage also has two closed exits; one led to the northwestern corner of Wall Street and Nassau Street and was closed by 1992.[54] The other led to the northwestern corner of Cedar Street and Nassau Street, near 140 Broadway, but was closed by 1999 and has since been repurposed into an emergency exit.[55] Halfway through the passage, a short staircase from the west side leads up to a narrower passageway that runs through the basement of the Equitable Building before two offset High Entrance/Exit Turnstiles provide entrance to the Wall Street/Broadway station.[51] Inside fare control, the passage splits in half with each branch leading to either side platform of Wall Street.[56] Free connections between the BMT Nassau Street Line and IRT Lexington Avenue Line are available at the next three stations north (Fulton Street, Chambers Street, and Canal Street).[45]

Lower Manhattan transit
Legend
"1" train Franklin Street
Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall "4" train​"5" train (arrow for u "6" train)
"1" train​"2" train​"3" train Chambers Street
Chambers Street "J" train​"Z" train
"A" train​"C" train (arrow for u "E" train) Chambers Street–WTC
City Hall "R" train​"W" train
"2" train​"3" train Park Place
"1" train WTC Cortlandt
Cortlandt Street "R" train​"W" train
(arrow for l  HOB   NWK ) World Trade Center
Fulton Street "2" train​"3" train​"4" train​"5" train​"A" train​"C" train​"J" train​"Z" train
"1" train Rector Street
Rector Street "R" train​"W" train
"4" train​"5" train Wall Street
Wall Street "2" train​"3" train
"4" train​"5" train Bowling Green
Broad Street (arrow for u "J" train​"Z" train)
"R" train (arrow for u "1" train "W" train) South Ferry/Whitehall Street
Whitehall Terminal
South Ferry loops

References

  1. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  2. ^ "Mayor Drives Train in New Subway Link". The New York Times. May 30, 1931. p. 11. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  4. ^ State of New York Transit Commission Third Annual Report for the Calendar Year 1923. New York State Transit Commission. 1924. p. 501.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Linder, Bernard (February 2016). "Contract 4 Subway Controversy". The Bulletin. Vol. 59, no. 2. Electric Railroaders' Association. pp. 1, 6. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  6. ^ "Have Obtained Valuable Rights: Public Service Gets Free Many Station Entrances on New Routes". New-York Tribune. July 11, 1915. p. C2. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 575403970.
  7. ^ "Agree to Extension of 14th St. Subway; B.M.T. Relinquishes Demand for Elevated Structure Specified in Contract". The New York Times. December 19, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  8. ^ "Nassau St. Subway Plan Nearly Ready; Southern End Completed, but Northern Section Involves a More Difficult Problem". The New York Times. March 3, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  9. ^ Young, James C. (June 12, 1927). "Nassau Loop Builders Face a Difficult Task; The Half-Mile of Subway in the Heart of New York's Financial District Raises Construction Problems Never Before Encountered". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  10. ^ "B.M.T. Plans Work to Cost $2,000,000; Directors Approve Program of Improvements to Be Made This Year". The New York Times. May 20, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  11. ^ "B.M.T. Asks Public to Make Hylan Act; Offers $15,000,000; Starts Campaign to Force Construction of the Nassau Street Subway". The New York Times. April 6, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  12. ^ a b "City Will Build Nassau St. Tube; Forced to Yield; Link for the B.M.T., Less Than a Mile in Length, Will Cost $13,000,000". The New York Times. May 28, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
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  17. ^ "Board Awards Nassau Street Tube Contracts". The Standard Union. November 23, 1927. p. 3. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  18. ^ "Approves Open Cut for Nassau St. Link; Estimate Board Overrules the Pleas for Tunnel Method of Subway Construction". The New York Times. January 27, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
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  20. ^ a b c d e f Harrington, John Walker (May 17, 1931). "Nassau St. Loop In Subway Opens Memorial Day: Link for 3 Divisions, Costing 11 Millions a Mile, to Speed Service 40 P. C. Task Debated 18 Years 4-Track System in Broad St. Part of Switching Plan Scenes and Charts in Forging of City's New Underground Railway Link". New York Herald Tribune. p. A12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114183895.
  21. ^ a b c d e "Bids Asked for B.-M.T. Subway in Manhattan". The Brooklyn Citizen. April 20, 1930. p. 3. Retrieved May 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Engineers Study Nassau St. Loop; 200 Spend 3 Hours in Subway of B.M.T. System Watching All Phases of Work". The New York Times. January 20, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  23. ^ "New B.M.T. Link is 80% Complete; Nassau-Broad St. Tracks to Be Finished by Autumn, Transit Board Says". The New York Times. April 20, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  24. ^ "B.M.T. Loses to City in $30,000,000 Suit; Court Rules in 8-Year-Old Action New York Is Not Liable for Building Delay". The New York Times. August 2, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
  25. ^ "Mayor Inspects New Nassau St. Subway Today: City Officials To Be Guests of B.M.T. in Tour of Links That Open Tomorrow". New York Herald Tribune. May 29, 1931. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114186438.
  26. ^ Cunningham, Joseph; DeHart, Leonard O. (January 1, 1993). A History of the New York City Subway System. J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang. Archived from the original on May 2, 2022. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  27. ^ "Mayor Drives Train In New Subway Link; The Mayor Becomes A Motorman". The New York Times. May 30, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  28. ^ "Walker Operates First Train in Nassau St. Loop: Tests Out Whistle Before Sudden Stop for Which Instructor Takes Blame New B. M. T. System Link Other Officials at Opening of $10,000,000 Subway Nassau Street Subway Is Formally Opened". New York Herald Tribune. May 30, 1931. p. 3. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114103146.
  29. ^ Derrick, Peter (April 1, 2002). Tunneling to the Future: The Story of the Great Subway Expansion That Saved New York. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814719541. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  30. ^ "Nassau-Broad Subway Route Opens May 30: 14th St. Link of B. M. T. Line From 6th to 8th Aves. Also To Be Finished Then Both Cost $13,630,313 City Labored Three Years on Engineering Projects". New York Herald Tribune. May 10, 1931. p. 2. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114181918.
  31. ^ "Nassau St. Service Outlined By B.M.T.; Loop to Be Used for Direct Connection From Brooklyn and Jamaica to Manhattan". The New York Times. May 21, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  32. ^ "B.M.T. Provides Through Service On Culver Line: Additional Trains on Nassau St. Loop and 14th St. Extension Run May 30". New York Herald Tribune. May 21, 1931. p. 43. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114100391.
  33. ^ "Nassau St. Subway To Open On May 30; Its Construction an Engineering Feat Because Many Buildings Had to Be Underpinned. Cost $10,072,000 To Build It Will Link B.M.T.'s Centre Street Loop With Tunnel Under East River. 14th St. Extension Ready Connection With Eighth Avenue Line Will Go Into Operation on the Same Day". The New York Times. May 10, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  34. ^ Benenson, Joel (April 1, 1993). "Albany deal to save the $1.25 fare". New York Daily News. p. 1059. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  35. ^ Faison, Seth (April 3, 1993). "$9.6 Billion Package for M.T.A. Is Crucial to its Rebuilding Plans". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  36. ^ "Stop the Fussing". Newsday. May 28, 1993. p. 56. Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  37. ^ See:
  38. ^ See:
  39. ^ Warerkar, Tanay (July 28, 2016). "Supertall at 45 Broad Street will come with new subway elevators". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  40. ^ Bindelglass, Evan (July 28, 2016). "45 Broad Street Supertall Coming with New Subway Elevators, Financial District". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  41. ^ Brenzel, Kathryn (July 5, 2018). "City Council approves 70K sf bonus for Madison Equities' FiDi supertall". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  42. ^ a b Nir, Sarah Maslin (January 22, 2018). "In New Proposed Subway Elevators, Some See a Terrorism Risk". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  43. ^ a b c d e Dougherty, Peter (2020). Tracks of the New York City Subway 2020 (16th ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 1056711733.
  44. ^ "J/Z Subway Timetable, Effective December 15, 2024". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
  45. ^ a b "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  46. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (March 19, 2010). "Under a New Subway Plan, the V Stands for Vanished". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  47. ^ Prendergast, Thomas (March 19, 2010). "Modifications to NYCT Transit Service Revisions" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  48. ^ Carlson, Jen (February 18, 2016). "Map: These Color Tiles In The Subway System Used To Mean Something". Gothamist. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  49. ^ Gleason, Will (February 18, 2016). "The hidden meaning behind the New York subway's colored tiles". Time Out New York. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  50. ^ a b c Jeremiah Cox. "Broad Street (J,Z) - The SubwayNut". subwaynut.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  51. ^ a b c d e "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Lower Manhattan" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  52. ^ a b "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 22, 2019. pp. 206–210. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  53. ^ "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 21, 2017. pp. 117–120. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  54. ^ April 1992 Transit Authority Committee Agenda. New York City Transit Authority. April 16, 1992. pp. E.144. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  55. ^ Postal, Matthew A. (June 25, 2013). "140 Broadway" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. pp. 5, 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 6, 2013.
  56. ^ Jeremiah Cox. "Wall Street (4,5) - The SubwayNut". subwaynut.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
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