The governor of Virginia is the state's head of government and commander-in-chief of the state's official national guard. The first Constitution of 1776 created the office of governor, to be elected annually by the Virginia State Legislature. The governor could serve up to three years at a time, and once out of office, could not serve again for four years.[1] The 1830 constitution changed the thrice-renewable one-year term length to a non-renewable three-year term, and set the start date at the first day in January following an election.[2] This constitution also prevented governors from succeeding themselves, a prohibition that exists to the present day.[3] The 1851 Constitution increased terms to four years[4] and made the office elected by the people, rather than the legislature.[5] The commencement of the Governor's term was moved to the first day in February by the 1902 Constitution,[6] and then to the Saturday after the second Wednesday in January by the 1971 and current Constitution.[7]
If the office of governor is vacant due to death, impeachment and disqualification, or resignation, the lieutenant governor of Virginia becomes governor.[8] The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1851.[9] Prior to that a Council of State existed; it chose from among its members a president who would be "lieutenant-governor" and would act as governor when there was a vacancy in that office.[1][10] The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected at the same time but not on the same ticket. Officially, there have been 74 governors of Virginia; the acting governors are not counted.
The federal government recognized the Restored Government of Virginia, based in Wheeling, as the legitimate government in Virginia on June 25, 1861. It elected its own slate of governors, and after West Virginia was split from Virginia on June 20, 1863, the restored government relocated to Alexandria.
^The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1851 and first filled in 1852.
^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
^ abcdefghijklUnder the 1776 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve longer than three years successively.[17]
^Jefferson refused re-election and left office at the end of his term. As the legislature had not yet elected a successor, due in part to chaos stemming from the Raid on Richmond, Fleming acted as governor until the next election.[21][23][24]
^Many sources say that Hardin Burnley acted as governor, either from February 7, 1799,[42] or December 7,[43] serving until he resigned due to poor health on December 11,[44] at which time John Pendleton Jr. took over as acting governor[45] until Monroe became governor on December 19. However, details of their terms are sparse and it's unknown how official their capacity was, and Sobel's entry on Wood mentions no acting governors and says that he left office on December 19.[40]
^Giles is labeled a Democrat by Dubin[73] and Sobel,[71] and a Democratic-Republican by Glashan[18] and Kallenbach.[23]
^ abcdeUnder the 1830 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve again until three years after their term.[76]
^Tazewell resigned over disagreements with the General Assembly.[77]
^Robertson is labeled a State's Rights Democrat by Kallenbach,[23] a Democrat by Glashan,[18] and a Whig by Sobel.[79]
^Campbell is labeled a Whig by Glashan[18] and Kallenbach,[23] and a Democrat by Dubin[73] and Sobel.[81]
^Gilmer resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives for a term beginning March 4, 1841; he delayed his resignation two weeks, finally resigning due to a disagreement with the General Assembly on extradition.[83]
^ abcAfter Gilmer's resignation, Patton acted as governor until the election, but the General Assembly failed to elect a successor, so the senior members of the Governor's Council each acted as governor for a year.[23]
^ abcUnder the 1851 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[101]
^ abcdVirginia proclaimed its secession from the Union on April 17, 1861. In response, delegates from the northwestern counties assembled at Wheeling and formed the Restored Government of Virginia, which the federal government recognized as the legitimate government of Virginia on June 25, 1861. It operated a government, including state and federal elections, over the northwestern part of the state, the counties immediately around Washington, D.C., and the eastern shore. On June 20, 1863, the northwestern counties were split into their own state, West Virginia, and the Restored Government relocated to Alexandria, and after the fall of Richmond, the government relocated to Richmond to be the sole state government.
^President Andrew Johnson issued an executive order on May 9, 1865, proclaiming that the state government run by Letcher and Smith had been illegitimate as of April 17, 1861, and that Pierpont was the legitimate governor.[107] Smith continued to attempt to claim the office until May 20.[29]
^The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was January 1, with no requirement for an oath; Cameron was not sworn in until January 2, presumably because January 1 was a Sunday.[126]
^ abcdefghijklmnopqUnder the 1902 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[142]
^The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was February 1, with no requirement for an oath; Stuart was not sworn in until February 2, presumably because February 1 was a Sunday.[151]
^ abcdefghijklmUnder the 1971 constitution, governors are ineligible to succeed themselves.[194]
^“From James Madison to James Monroe, 21 March 1785,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-08-02-0137. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 8, 10 March 1784 – 28 March 1786, ed. Robert A. Rutland and William M. E. Rachal. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1973, pp. 255–257.] Accessed July 17, 2023
^"none". Weekly Raleigh Register. December 31, 1799. p. 3. Retrieved July 18, 2023. On the 19th inst. his Excellenecy James Monroe, Esq., qualified as Governor of the state of Virginia...
^"none". Richmond Enquirer. January 2, 1852. p. 2. Retrieved July 19, 2023. Governor Floyd's term expired on Wednesday, and yesterday, at 12 M., Governor Joseph Johnson appeared at the Council Chamber... when the oaths of office, required to be taken by a Governor of the Commonwealth, were administered to Governor Johnson.
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