The state has had 46 elected governors, as well as 11 acting governors who assumed powers and duties following the resignation or death of the governor. Before becoming a state, Arkansas Territory had four governors appointed to it by the president of the United States. Orval Faubus (1955–1967) served the longest term as governor, being elected six times to serve 12 years. Bill Clinton (1979-1981; 1983-1992), elected five times over two distinct terms, fell only one month short of 12 years, and Mike Huckabee (1996-2007) served 10 years for two full four-year terms. The shortest term for an elected governor was the 38 days served by John Sebastian Little before his nervous breakdown; one of the acting successors to his term, Jesse M. Martin, took office only three days before the end of the term, the shortest term overall.
Arkansaw Territory (renamed Arkansas Territory, circa 1822)[a] was split from the Missouri Territory on July 4, 1819.[4] As territorial secretary from 1819 to 1829, Robert Crittenden served as acting governor whenever the appointed governor was not in the state. This meant that Crittenden was the first person to perform the duties of governor, since James Miller did not arrive in the territory until nine months after his appointment.[5]
The Arkansas Constitution of 1836 established four-year terms for governors,[33] which was lowered to two years in the 1874, and current, constitution.[34] An amendment in 1984 increased the terms of both governor and lieutenant governor to four years.[35] Governors were originally limited only to serving no more than eight out of every twelve years,[33] but the 1874 constitution removed any term limit. A referendum in 1992 limited governors to two terms.[36][37]
Until 1864, the constitutions provided that, should the office of governor be rendered vacant, the president of the senate would serve as acting governor until such time as a new governor was elected or the disability removed, or the acting governor's senate term expired.[38][39] This led to some situations where the governorship changed hands in quick succession, due to senate terms ending or new senate presidents being elected. For example, after John Sebastian Little resigned in 1907, 3 senate presidents acted as governors before the next elected governor took office. Should the president of the senate be similarly incapacitated, the next in line for the governorship was the speaker of the state house of representatives.
The 1864 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor[40] who would also act as president of the senate,[41] and who would serve as acting governor in case of vacancy.[42] The 1868 constitution maintained the position,[43] but the 1874 constitution removed it and returned to the original line of succession.[44] An amendment to the constitution, passed in 1914 but not recognized until 1925,[45] recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who becomes governor in case of vacancy of the governor's office.[46] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.
Arkansas was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic party. It elected three Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 92 years passed before voters chose another Republican.
^The territory was formally organized with the name "Arkansaw", but spellings including "Arkansas" and "Arkansa" remained common until around 1822, when the popularity of the Arkansas Gazette helped standardize the spelling as "Arkansas".[3]
^The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
^Miller was nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, on March 3, 1819.[7] However, to avoid the hot southern summer, he delayed his departure from New Hampshire until September, and took an indirect route, finally arriving in the territory on December 26.[8]Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor while Miller was delayed.[5] Miller was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 3, 1823.[9]
^Miller resigned citing poor health; at the time of his resignation, he had been absent from the territory for 18 months.[10]
^Izard was nominated on February 22, 1825,[12] confirmed by the Senate on March 3,[13] and took office on May 31.[11] Until he arrived in the territory, Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor, though Crittenden himself was out of state when Izard arrived.[14] Izard was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 9, 1828.[15]
^Fulton was nominated on February 2, 1835,[22] and confirmed by the Senate on February 23,[23] for a term to begin March 9. No contemporary reporting has been found as to when Fulton was sworn in, but one source refers to Pope saying his term would not end until March 28,[24] and another notes Fulton's commission did not arrive until March 24,[25] when he was out of state.[26]
^According to the numbering generally used, acting governors are not numbered.[47]
^The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864 and abolished in 1874. It was recreated in 1914, and was not filled until 1927. The amendment to the constitution creating the office was narrowly voted in by the electorate in 1914. The Speaker of the House declared that the measure had lost, because even though it had received the majority of the votes cast for that particular ballot measure, winning 45,567 to 45,206, it had not received the majority of votes cast across the whole election, determined by looking at the question on the ballot with the highest total number of votes for or against. On that ballot, this figure was 135,517 votes, so it was ruled that at least 67,758 votes in favor would have been required for the measure to pass, essentially counting blank votes as votes against. In 1925, it was discovered that a 1910 law amended this requirement such that only a majority of the votes on the specific question was required. Therefore, the 1914 initiative was declared to be valid.[45]
^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
^Drew resigned due to the low salary he received as governor.[64]
^Roane was out of state enough in 1851 that John R. Hampton, president of the Senate, was sworn in as acting governor on June 25, 1851.[70] However, Sobel states Hampton was acting governor in September 1851.[71] No source has been found as to when Roane returned to active work.
^Roane was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term vacated by Thomas S. Drew's resignation.[73]
^Conway was out of state in 1857, and president of the Senate John R. Hampton was sworn in as acting governor and served from April 21 to September 14.[71]
^Under the 1836 constitution, governors were not eligible to serve more than eight years in any term of twelve years.[80]
^Rector resigned two weeks before the end of his term, having lost re-election. Sources suggest he resigned because he was so badly defeated in the election,[84] or because the new constitution would shorten his term.[86]
^This term was shortened to two years due to the 1861 constitution moving the election schedule.[88]
^Sobel's entry on Fletcher mixes information with a similarly named man who ran for governor twice; even contemporary sources would confuse the two.[89]
^Governor-elect Flanagin was not sworn in until November 15, 1862;[31] in the interim, Fletcher acted as governor.[86][90] Fletcher is omitted from most lists of Arkansas governors.
^Some sources state Flanagin left office on April 18, 1864, but that was when Isaac Murphy was sworn in as governor by occupation authorities after winning the 1864 election. Following the evacuation of Little Rock on September 10, 1863, Flanagin was governor in exile at Washington, Arkansas.[94] Flanagin's last official act as governor was to preside over the Arkansas State Military Board during its final meeting at Washington on June 1, 1865;[95] six days after the Trans-Mississippi Department was surrendered to Union authorities at New Orleans.
^Murphy was chosen as provisional governor by the Unionist constitutional convention on January 20, 1864;[101] he refused to exercise power until the constitution was ratified and he was elected by popular vote. He was formally inaugurated on April 18.[98]
^Sources disagree on Murphy's party: the state says Independent,[96] Sobel says Democratic,[98] and Kallenbach says Union.[62]
^ abcClayton resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. He had delayed his resignation to prevent Lieutenant Governor Johnson from succeeding him; party machinations led to Johnson's resignation and acceptance of the office of secretary of state, so that Hadley, as president pro tempore of the senate, could act as governor for the remainder of the term.[107]
^ abcPresident of the Senate Moore acted as governor until the legislature adjourned,[166] at which time a new president pro tempore of the Senate was chosen, Pindall, who acted as governor until his senate term expired.[168] For the remaining three days of the gubernatorial term, Martin, the new president pro tempore of the Senate, acted as governor.[163] Further complicating the situation, Pindall was out of state from May 9 to May 14, 1908, during which time Allen Hamiter, speaker of the House, served as acting governor.[163]
^ abcOldham acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.[183] The new president, Futrell, acted as governor[185] until Hays was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term.[186] Conflict over whether or not Futrell could succeed Oldham as acting governor led to the Arkansas Supreme Court ruling that he could.[187]
^U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 21st Cong., special sess., 8–9, accessed January 31, 2023.
^"none". The Arkansas Gazette. June 3, 1829. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. His Excellency John Pope, Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, arrived here on Sunday evening last, from Kentucky, and has entered on the discharge of the duties of his office.
^"none". Arkansas Times and Advocate. March 6, 1835. p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. We are informed by Gov. Pope, that his term of office expires on the 23rd of the present month, and not on the 5th, as has been elsewhere stated.
^"none". Arkansas Times and Advocate. March 27, 1835. p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. The nominations of Wm. S. Fulton and Lewis Randolph, as Governor and Secretary of this Territory, were confirmed by the Senate of the U.S. on the 23rd ult., and we believe the commission of Governor Fuilton has arrived. He is now absent from this place...
^"none". True Democrat. January 16, 1849. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023. His Excellency Richard C. Byrd, as President of the Senate, is now the acting Executive of the State...
^"Acting Governor". The Arkansas Banner. July 1, 1851. p. 2. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
^"none". Arkansas Intelligencer. April 28, 1849. p. 3. Retrieved July 31, 2023. ... do hereby declare and make known that John S. Roane is constitutionally elected Governor of the State of Arkansas...
^ ab"none". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. Little Rock, Arkansas. November 8, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved February 2, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Gov. Rector, after the delivery of his message, resigned, and Judge Fletcher, thereby becomes Governor until the Governor elect is installed.
^"none". Washington Telegraph. November 26, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023. Hon. Harris Flanagin, the Governor elect arrived in this city on Thursday afternoon, and will be installed today.
^"none". The Daily World. January 14, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023. Homer M. Adkins, 50-year-old former Internal Revenue Collector for Arkansas, became this state's 33rd governor today...
^"none". The Daily World. Associated Press. January 14, 1975. p. 4. Retrieved August 1, 2023. David Pryor took the oath of office as Arkansas 39th elected governor...
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Radio station in Montreal, Canada For the CKOI radio network, see CKOI (network). CKOI-FMVerdun, QuebecBroadcast areaGreater MontrealFrequency96.9 MHz (FM)BrandingCKOI 96.9ProgrammingFormatCHR/Top 40 (French)OwnershipOwnerCogeco(Cogeco Diffusion Acquisitions Inc.)Sister stationsCHMP-FM, CKAC, CFGL-FM, CKBE-FMHistoryFirst air dateDecember 6, 1976 (as CKOI-FM)Former call signsCKVL-FM (to 1976)Call sign meaningCKOI is an homonym of C'est quoi?, meaning What is it?.Technical informationClassC1ERP148…