List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990
This is a list of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990 or whose deaths or exact circumstances thereof are not substantiated. Many people who disappear end up declared presumed dead and some of these people were possibly subjected to forced disappearance.
An American lawman-turned-outlaw, Alvord had been a Cochise County, Arizona deputy, but had turned to crime—primarily train robbery—by the early 1900s. He was last seen in 1910 working as a Panama Canal employee. Alvord's ultimate fate is unknown.
Hungarian-American engineer and aviation pioneer who designed and flew the first monoplane to be built in the United States. Reported as suicidal due to his lack of commercial success, Pfitzner is said to have committed suicide in Marblehead Harbor on 12 July 1910. His body was never found, and there were rumoured sightings of him in New York City in September.
Manhattan socialite and perfume heiress Dorothy Arnold vanished after buying a book in New York City. She intended to walk through Central Park, but was never seen again.
DiGaetano disappeared shortly after stepping down as boss of the Bonanno crime family. It is believed that he and his wife returned to Italy, but not known for certain.
Bobby Dunbar disappeared during a fishing trip. A child found in the custody of William Cantwell Walters of Mississippi eight months later was ruled to be Bobby Dunbar by a court-appointed arbiter, and Walters was found guilty of kidnapping. The child grew up as Bobby Dunbar, had four children of his own, and died in 1966. In 2004, DNA tests proved that the child found was not related to Bobby's brother, Alonzo.
The American writer known for An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and The Devil's Dictionary was supposedly last heard from in a letter of December 1913 to his secretary and companion, Carrie Christiansen. Theories of his demise are plentiful; some claim that he perished in war-torn Mexico or perhaps was executed as a spy in the municipal cemetery of Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, where a gravestone bearing his name was erected in 2004. Professional American skeptic Joe Nickell, however, has concluded that Bierce deliberately misled the public about his destination, and that Bierce actually went to the Grand Canyon where he committed suicide.
A lieutenant in the Chilean Army, Bello disappeared during a qualifying examination flight over central Chile that was to be his final flight. At some point during the flight, Bello became lost in the clouds and was never seen again. Although search efforts commenced within hours, no trace of him or his aircraft was ever found.
Kelly, an American lawyer, politician, and Civil War veteran who was earlier in his life the 29th speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly, was last seen at his law office in Boston and was thought to be taking a train home to his residence in Sharon, Massachusetts. He was never found, despite an intensive search by hired detectives.
Milroy, a rugby union player who represented Scotland and Watsonians, was commissioned in the Black Watch at the start of World War I, but went missing on 18 July 1916, presumably killed. According to his great nephew, Milroy's mother never believed he was dead, and left the lights on in the house at night should he ever return.
Linkson, an English footballer enlisted in the 1st Football Battalion to fight in France, went missing in a battle to seize Guillemont Station during the Battle of the Somme. His body was never found.
Forlano, an Italian footballer and founding partner of the Juventus Football Club, fought as captain of the Bersaglieri during the First World War. He went missing in Villanova (today Nova Vas nad Dragonjo, Slovenia) while combating Austrian forces, and his remains were never recovered.
A Canadian RAF World War I flying ace credited with 19 victories, Reid's aircraft disappeared over Ypres while flying with the No. 10 (Naval) Squadron. His remains were never found.
Georges Guynemer was a French World War I flying ace who mysteriously disappeared on 11 September 1917 in Poelcappelle, Belgium. Reported missing in action on failing to return from a combat flying mission, Guynemer was never seen or heard from again.
World War I flying ace Windisch was reportedly captured as a prisoner of war in a French prison. Reports differed on his status, with some rumors claiming that he died in captivity. He was never seen again and his true fate is unknown.
Danish zoologist Knud Andersen mysteriously disappeared in June 1918. His colleague Oldfield Thomas submitted his final manuscript on his behalf, stating that Andersen expected "to be absent from his scientific work for some time."
Quette, a French World War I flying ace credited with ten confirmed and five unconfirmed aerial victories, disappeared five days after being temporarily promoted to sous lieutenant.
Gould was a British World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories. He and his gunner/observer, Second Lieutenant Ewart William Frederick Jinman, were reported missing in action near Douai, France, on 14 August 1918.
Lemay disappeared in 1920, and on 8 March 1921 the body of an unidentified boy was found murdered in Waukesha, Wisconsin, and nicknamed Little Lord Fauntleroy. Many years later authorities said that the body might have been that of Lemay.
Trishatny, a Russian politician and founding member of the Union of the Russian People, was detained and disappeared by Cheka authorities on 1 April 1920.
A founding member of the Union of the Russian People, Sergei Trishatny was detained by Cheka authorities on 17 January 1920 for his connection to the monarchist party. He escaped from a detention camp in Petrograd on 1 April, the same day his younger brother Alexander was detained. The Cheka officially added him to their wanted list on 21 April. His ultimate fate is unknown.
The Mennoniterelief worker from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania left the U.S. on 1 September 1920 to travel to Russia. While there, he was arrested by military authorities at the village of Halbstadt, likely on suspicion of being a spy. He was held with other political prisoners and later transferred; his fate after that is unknown.
Yakiv Sukhovolski was a Ukrainian writer and anarcho-syndicalist who went missing from Millerovo, Ukrainian SSR in September 1920. Whatever became of him is unknown.
The British former Member of parliament was not seen again after 28 September 1920 after telling friends he was going to the Queen's Hotel in Leicester Square and would be back, but did not return. He was also seen the same day by an artist who knew him entering a house in Thames Ditton belonging to Maundy Gregory, corrupt honours dealer, who is alleged to have murdered Grayson who had been investigating his activities.
Dubrovin, a Russian politician and leader of the Union of the Russian People, was supposedly arrested and killed by Cheka authorities for organizing pogroms and murders in the mid-1900s. However, poor record keeping and claims from different historians place his last known sightings from 1918 to 1929, making it unclear when his actual disappearance occurred.
Tulsa race massacre probably began because Rowland, an African American shoe shiner at a nearby store, tripped in an elevator and grabbed onto Page, a white elevator operator, to avoid falling, causing Page to scream, and a witness probably mistook this for an attempted rape. A small number of sources theorize that Rowland and Page could have been lovers who were having a lover's quarrel in the elevator. It is uncertain if either Dick Rowland or Sarah Page was their real name, and Sarah Page has been theorized to have been as young as 15 or as old as 21, although most sources agree she was 17. Rowland himself survived the Tulsa Race Riot, likely because his police protection in jail ironically made him safer than almost any other black person in Tulsa. Both Page and Rowland disappeared after Page helped get the charges against Rowland dropped following the Tulsa Race Riot, and nothing is known for sure about the rest of their lives.
The Cameroonian train driver living in Germany went to visit to his home country in 1922; after being denied entry there, he traveled to his cousin in Monrovia, Liberia. There his trail is lost.
Fawcett, a British archaeologist and explorer, together with his eldest son and a friend, was last seen traveling into the jungle of Mato Grosso in Brazil to search for a hidden city called the Lost City of Z. Several unconfirmed sightings and many conflicting reports and theories explaining their disappearance followed, but despite more than a dozen follow-up expeditions and the recovery of some of Fawcett's belongings, their fate remains a mystery.
British spy Sidney Reilly set off for the Soviet Union in an attempt to overthrow the Bolshevik regime and was said to have been captured and shot on 5 November 1925 but it is not known for sure since no location of his body is known. The photo of him seen dead was said to be alleged and it was even speculated that he was still alive, given that there were later sightings of him.
An American college student, Corbett was last seen leaving her residence on the campus of Smith College on the morning of 13 November. Extensive searches of urban and wilderness areas across Western Massachusetts failed to yield any evidence of her fate. Her case received wide publicity through regional newspapers and national wire services.
An Australian politician, McDonald set off from Martin Place, Sydney, for a meeting with Jack Lang two blocks away but failed to arrive. He was possibly murdered by his political rival Thomas Ley. In 1947, Ley was convicted at the Old Bailey of the "Chalkpit Murder", that of a barman in England, and sentenced to hang, but was then declared insane and sent to Broadmoor high-security psychiatric hospital, where he died of a cerebral hemorrhage two months later.
A retired American sheriff, Clark disappeared en route to visit his daughter by stagecoach during the Halloween weekend. His disappearance has the distinction of being the oldest active missing person case in the United States.
The Austro-Hungarian military intelligence officer, Polish brigadier general, staff officer and aviator disappeared en route to a meeting in Warsaw, Poland by train.
An American musician and a pilot from Columbia, South Carolina, Redfern became known during the summer of 1927 for attempting to fly from Brunswick, Georgia to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He was last sighted inland over Venezuela on 26 August.
The American newlyweds Glen and Bessie Hyde were last seen on 18 November 1928 and disappeared while attempting to raft the Colorado River rapids of the Grand Canyon.
Davis, an American lawyer and political activist in Baltimore, Maryland, disappeared under suspicious circumstances on 15 April 1929 and was never heard from again.
Griffin, an Irish postman, disappeared from the village of Stradbally, County Waterford on Christmas Day 1929. He is alleged to have been murdered in a drunken altercation and his body disposed of to conceal the fact that the pub was illegally serving alcohol on Christmas Day, a fact which would have threatened the livelihoods of both the publican and members of the local police force allegedly drinking at the premises.
Crosbie Garstin was a poet and best-selling novelist who mysteriously disappeared in the Salcombe estuary on 19 April 1930. Garstin's body was never recovered.
A Los Angeles crime family boss who "vanished"; the only trace of him was his wrecked car found two days after his disappearance in Venice, California.
Moroney went missing after her mother, a struggling 17-year-old mother of two, gave her to a stranger calling herself "Julia Otis" in exchange for $2 on the understanding that the woman would take care of the girl in California for a short time and then return her to the Moroneys' Chicago home when things were better. She never did, and the ensuing investigation attracted national media attention. The girl was never located, and the case remains the oldest unsolved missing-persons case of this nature in the files of the Chicago Missing Persons Bureau. A California woman's belief that she was Mary Agnes has subsequently been disproven by DNA testing. Familial DNA testing performed in 2023 determined that Jeanette Burchard, a Florida woman who had died in 2003, was indeed Mary Agnes Moroney. Though the results are conclusive, since Burchard's body itself has not been tested, and the perpetrator(s) have not been identified, the case is still officially unsolved. However, the Chicago Police cold case unit have pronounced the case closed.
An associate justice of the New York Supreme Court, Crater was last seen leaving a restaurant on West 45th Street in Manhattan. He was never seen or heard from again. His mistress, Sally Lou Ritz, 22, was falsely said to have disappeared a few weeks later, but was interviewed by police as late as July 1937. Crater's disappearance, which prompted one of the most sensational manhunts of the 20th century, was the subject of widespread media attention and a grand jury investigation. Crater was declared legally dead in 1939 and his missing persons file was officially closed in 1979; however, cold case squad detectives have investigated new leads as recently as 2005.
Kauppi was a Finnish composer primarily known for his 1925 composition Päiväkummun pidot (The Feast at Solhaug). Following the premiere of his poorly reviewed Nummisuutarit (The Cobblers on the Heath), he was last seen in Tampere on 24 October 1930, and is thought to have committed suicide.
Los Angeles crime family boss; vanished while driving from his home to pick up a relative; declared legally dead seven years later. No trace of him was ever found.
Author Jack Black is believed to have committed suicide in 1932 by drowning as he reportedly told his friends that if life got too grim, he would row out into New York Harbor and, with weights tied to his feet, drop overboard.
Both Spanish aviators disappeared in the vicinity of Villahermosa, Mexico on 20 June 1933 while on a flight to Mexico City in the Br.19 TF Super BidonCuatro Vientos, which they previously used for a flight from Spain to Cuba ten days prior.
Johnston, an American college athlete and coach, sent a postcard to his wife from Zanesville, Ohio, saying he was on his way to Chicago to publish a book after being fired as head football coach of what is now Appalachian State University. No one heard from him after that.
Estonian Greco-Roman wrestler Baumann was erroneously reported as having died during the First World War, but later reports claim that he had died sometime before 19 February 1934, while working as a wrestler and circus artist.
Riel was an American woman who vanished on the day of a scheduled paternity hearing against her former boyfriend. The case was complicated by anonymous telephone calls placed to a local train station the night of her disappearance and a telegram sent to her attorney weeks later from an unknown individual impersonating her. Extensive police searches across Central Massachusetts failed to locate her and the case was never solved.
Li Yuan was a politician of the Republic of China and later Manchukuo who disappeared in 1935. The circumstances of his later life and death are unknown.
Yoshio Fujimaki was a printmaker who disappeared from fellow printmaker Tadashige Ono's home in Mukojima Ward, Tokyo. While the circumstances of his disappearance are unclear, Ono believed he threw himself in to the Sumida River, which was a subject of one of his artwork.
A JewishNew York City mobster and hitman, Weinberg was last seen leaving a Midtown Manhattan nightclub. Several conflicting reports emerged about the manner of his death, but none were ever confirmed and his body was never recovered.
Argentine anarchist militant, politician, and fugitive Roscigna was sent to prison in 1927 and released in 1936. He disappeared after that and was never seen again.
French air pilot Jean Mermoz went missing on 7 December 1936 while flying his Latécoère 300Croix-du-Sud near Aubenton, Aisne. It is assumed that the plane crashed in the sea, but it is unconfirmed since his body was never recovered.
An American communist and ex-intelligence agent for the Soviet Union, Juliet Poyntz disappeared on 3 June 1937. A police investigation turned up no clues to her fate, and her belongings, all of her clothing and hand luggage in her room appeared to be untouched.
Whitfield, the nephew of wealthy steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, mysteriously disappeared shortly after he departed from Roosevelt Field on Long Island, New York on the morning of 17 April 1938.
Gaines was a central figure in the legal case Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, which was an early success for the civil rights movement. One evening, he left his Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity house in Chicago, having told the housekeeper he was going to buy some stamps, and was never seen or heard from again. Some accounts suggest he was living in New York or Mexico City in the late 1940s.
Polish footballer Ptak disappeared during the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was believed to have been killed by the NKVD when attempting to cross the border.
An American child prodigy novelist, Follett had enjoyed critical and commercial success with two novels published before she was 14 in the late 1920s. Her work suffered after that due to the collapse of her parents' marriage and changing popular tastes; she became increasingly despondent throughout the 1930s until in 1939, believing her husband had been involved with another woman, she walked out of her apartment with $30 ($589 in 2021) and was never seen again.
Kou Yingjie who was also known by his courtesy name of "Bichen" was a military leader of the Republic of China (1912–1949) who belonged to the Zhili clique. Kou disappeared sometime in the 1940s after he was appointed to the Councilor in the General Staff Office and was never heard of again.
A Polish chess master, Appel disappeared following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. His fate, and the precise whereabouts of his fate, remain unknown.
American naval officer Thomas Calloway Latimore, who was captain of the USS Dobbin and the 24th (22nd unique) Governor of American Samoa, disappeared in Hawaii believed to be in July 1941.
As one of the foremost Estonian political leaders, Tõnisson was arrested during the Soviet occupation, put on trial and was thought to have been shot around July 1941, but his exact whereabouts after the trial remain unknown.
Yevdokimov, a major general of the Red Army who commanded the 50th Rifle Division in the Byelorussian SSR during Operation Barbarossa, was discharged and sent to a civilian hospital after he suffered a mental breakdown, but his further fate is unknown.
Zatonski, an American RAF pilot and member of the No. 238 Squadron, disappeared while engaging a German Messerschmitt Bf 109. Neither his remains nor his plane were ever recovered.
Brown, an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, is believed to have been killed after his regiment moved up to the front enemy line to make a final stand.
An Australian flying ace of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, Mayers disappeared after being forced to land in the Western Desert. His aircraft was later found, but he was not and it is believed that he either died by ground fire or later while being transported to Europe to be interned in a prisoner of war camp.
A Luftwaffeflying ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, Schentke was last seen on 25 December 1942 when bailing out of his aircraft over Soviet positions after it was damaged by debris.
A Hungarian lawyer, military officer, and communist, Rudnyánszky was last seen in the Russian SFSR in 1943. It is believed that he may have died that year.
Xia Suchu was a Republic of China politician who was important during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940). He disappeared in February 1943 after resigning as Chief to the Agency for State Affairs of the North China Political Council, and his whereabouts thereafter are unknown.
German Luftwaffeflying ace Scheel is believed to have been killed after shooting down two Yak-9 fighters and subsequently colliding with the wreckage of the second. However, one source indicates that he may have bailed out and landed behind enemy lines. He was reportedly seen alive at a camp at Yelabuga in 1946, and in a camp at Solny in 1948 receiving medical treatment.
Josef Jennewein was a German world champion alpine skier from St Anton am Arlberg, Austria who served as a Luftwaffe fighter pilot credited with 86 air victories. He was posted as missing in action on the Eastern Front near Mtsensk in Oryol Oblast, Russian SFSR on 27 July 1943 and was never seen or heard from again.
Stotz, an Austrian Luftwaffe military aviator and Staffelkapitän, was last seen drifting down over Soviet held territory after bailing out of his aircraft following aerial combat with Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters.
German Luftwaffemilitary aviator Korts and his wingman were last seen in combat with Soviet P-39 Airacobra fighters in the vicinity of Amvrosievka on 29 August 1943.
German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace Schmidt is thought to have been accidentally shot down by allies while fighting in the Ukrainian SSR.
An English novelist, Billany served as a lieutenant in the British Army when he was captured and became a prisoner of war in Italy. After the capitulation of Italy, he hid in the countryside from the Germans. Billany and three others eventually attempted to make their way over the Apennines towards the Allied forces. They were last seen on 20 November 1943 in Capistrello, Italy.
Kizzire, an American football player and later a USAAC pilot, was shot down over Papua New Guinea. His plane was found in a lagoon, but his remains were never recovered, and Kizzire was declared dead on 22 January 1946.
A flying ace with fifteen confirmed kills, Cragg was reported missing in action near Cape Gloucester, New Britain on 26 December 1943. His P-38 aircraft was last observed descending to the ground after being shot down in combat with enemy fighters. On the mission he was shot down, Cragg claimed his 15th aerial victory, becoming a triple ace. He was declared legally dead in 1946.
Grynszpan was the Jewish exile from Germany whose 1938 assassination of diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris, France was the trigger for Kristallnacht in Germany. For various reasons, largely legal delays, a planned trial was never held in either France or (after 1940) Germany during which Grynszpan was held in various prisons and concentration camps. Adolf Eichmann testified at his 1961 trial in Jerusalem that he had interrogated Grynszpan in Magdeburg in either late 1943 or early 1944, but after that there is no record of his whereabouts or ultimate fate. The West German government had him declared legally dead in 1960.
A Filipino physician and guerilla sympathizer, Mencias was arrested by the Kenpeitai for his affiliation with the anti-Japanese forces. It is presumed that he was executed by them not long after his arrest, but his ultimate fate is unclear.
A Red Army soldier who took part in numerous battles, most notably the Battle of the Dnieper, Osipov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 10 January 1944, but disappeared sometime later in the month.
Werner Scholl was the younger brother of Hans and Sophie Scholl, who were best known for their resistance to Nazism as part of the White Rose. He was declared missing in action in June 1944, assumably dying on the Soviet front.
Fox disappeared in Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire. Witnesses claim they saw Fox riding on the handlebars of a bike being pedalled by a 25–30-year-old man. In 2001 a witness came forward claiming he saw a local resident digging a hole on his property in the area where Fox disappeared. The property owner was revealed to have been convicted of rape and child molestation but Fox's remains were not found.
Silver is the only Women Airforce Service Pilots member to go missing during World War II. She departed from Mines Field (Los Angeles International Airport) for Palm Springs, on 26 October 1944, flying a P-51D Mustang destined for New Jersey. She never arrived at Palm Springs and due to reporting errors, a search for her was not started until three days later. Despite an extensive ground and water search no trace of Silver or the aircraft were found.
These two Slovak generals and commanders of the 1st Czechoslovak army during the Slovak National Uprising, fighting against the occupying Nazi forces, were captured in Pohronský Bukovec and transported to Flossenbürg, where both men were presumably tortured and killed.
Amann, a German water polo player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics, went missing in action in 1944 or 1945 during World War II, with his official date of death given as 24 December 1945.
The Filipina civic leader, social worker, suffragette, and founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines was arrested on 27 August 1944, tortured, and last seen on 6 January 1945, presumably being executed by the occupying Japanese forces and buried in an unmarked grave after that.
A Swedish diplomat credited with saving the lives of at least 20,000 Hungarian Jews during the Holocaust, Wallenberg was arrested on espionage charges in Budapest following the arrival of the Soviet army. His fate remains a mystery despite hundreds of purported sightings in Soviet prisons, some as recent as the 1980s. In 2001, after 10 years of research, a Swedish-Russian panel concluded that Wallenberg probably died or was executed in Soviet custody on 17 July 1947, but to date no hard evidence has been found to confirm this. In 2010, evidence from Russian archives surfaced suggesting he was alive after the presumed execution date.
Deisenhofer, a German Waffen-SS commander who served in several combat divisions on the Eastern and Western fronts, disappeared while travelling to a new command post.
An SS-Obergruppenführer and Higher SS and Police Leader in Silesia, Schmauser disappeared while driving from Waldenburg (today, Wałbrzych) in a convoy of several vehicles. He encountered German troops near Altenrode, who warned him that Soviet armored spearheads had already broken through, but he drove on anyway. He is believed to have been captured or killed by the Red Army and was legally declared dead on 23 February 1945, effective 31 December.
A German Sicherheitsdienst member serving in Riga, Latvia, Lange ordered the mass extermination of numerous Jews in several ghettos. Shortly after being reassigned to Poland, he was surrounded by Soviet forces, and is thought to have either died or committed suicide during battle.
A French surrealist poet, screenwriter and journalist, Unik was captured in a prisoner of war camp in Silesia in 1940. He escaped in 1945, but disappeared in Slovakia while attempting to make it back to France.
A composer and kapellmeister who had a successful career in Nazi Germany despite his reservations about the regime, Schubert disappeared shortly after his draft into the Volkssturm as a gunner, presumably being killed in battle.
Latvian basketball player Anufrijevs became the first European champion after winning a gold medal at EuroBasket 1935. Following the Soviet occupation of Latvia, he was conscripted in the Red Army, and disappeared during service in April 1945.
A German officer in the Heer branch of the Wehrmacht during World War II. Stever fell into the custody of the Red Army as the Russians advanced into Germany in 1945. He is believed to have died shortly thereafter.
A Wehrmacht general during World War II who commanded several divisions and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, Hundt disappeared near Opava, Czechoslovakia on 21 April 1945. He was declared dead on 7 June 1950 with the presumed date of death being the date of his disappearance.
A German Nazi PartyGauleiter of Brandenburg, Stürtz went missing on 21 April 1945 during the Battle of Berlin and was not seen again. It was assumed that he was captured by the Red Army and died in captivity. He was officially declared dead by the District Court of Düsseldorf on 24 August 1957, with an effective death date of 31 December 1945.
A German Luftwaffe aviator and flying ace credited with over 110 enemy aircraft shot down in various conflicts, Lützow was part of the Jagdverband 44 when on 24 April 1945 he was reported missing in action while attempting to intercept an enemy bomber plane. His remains were never recovered.
Müller, a Nazi Gestapo chief, was last seen in the Führerbunker on the evening of 1 May 1945. While there he had stated that his intention was to avoid being taken into custody by the Soviet forces advancing on Berlin. His CIA file and related documents state that while the record is "...inconclusive on Müller's ultimate fate... [he] most likely died in Berlin in early May 1945." Other theories have suggested that he either escaped to South America like many other fugitive Nazis and lived out his life there (the Israelis continued to investigate his whereabouts into the 1960s) or was protected by U.S. or Soviet intelligence under a new identity. He is the most senior Nazi official whose fate is unknown.
A cook and dietician for Adolf Hitler, Constanze Manziarly disappeared on 2 May 1945 after splitting up from two other women in the Soviet occupied area of Berlin. She was last seen being taken towards a U-Bahn subway tunnel by two Soviet soldiers and is believed to have been killed.
Five of the nine Sodder children, aged 5 through 14, who lived in their parents' home, were presumed to have died in a fire that destroyed the house. However, no remains were found in the ashes the morning after the fire and some small bone fragments found during subsequent investigations turned out to have been planted. Later reported sightings of some of the children and suspicions that the fire had been arson rather than an accident led the family to believe that the children were still alive. The family kept a billboard offering a reward for information on their fate up at the house site until the late 1980s.
Jebsen was an anti-Nazi German intelligence officer and British double agent (code name Artist) during the Second World War. Jebsen recruited Dušan Popov (who became the British agent Tricycle) to the Abwehr and through him later joined the Allied cause. Kidnapped from Lisbon by the Germans shortly before D-Day, Jebsen was tortured in prison and spent time in a concentration camp before disappearing, presumed killed, at the end of the war.
Voorhees, a transient restaurant porter who confessed to the murder of Elizabeth Short, checked out of a hotel in Los Angeles, California, on the morning of 16 January 1947 and was never seen again.
In the aftermath of the Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes, 4-year-old Joan Gay Croft and her sister Jerri were among refugees taking shelter in a basement hallway of the Woodward hospital. As officials sent the injured to different hospitals in the area, two men took Joan away saying they were taking her to Oklahoma City. She was never seen again. Over the years, several women have come forth saying they suspect they might be Joan, but none of their claims have been verified.
Carpenter, a college student, was last seen by a taxi driver around 9:30 p.m on 1 June 1948. Despite extensive efforts to find her and tips being submitted as recently as 1998, Carpenter has never been found.
Aspiring actress Spangler went missing under mysterious circumstances. She left her home in Los Angeles after telling her sister-in-law that she was going to meet with her ex-husband before going to work as an extra on a film set. She was last seen at a grocery store several blocks from her home at approximately 6:00 pm. Two days later Spangler's tattered purse was discovered in a remote area of Griffith Park approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) from her home. She left a note addressed to "Kirk". Police ruled out a connection to the actor Kirk Douglas. Also ruled out was her ex-husband, but other theories included an illegal abortion that resulted in her death and a connection with gangsters.
American housewife Forstein disappeared in Pennsylvania on 18 October 1949. Her two children reported seeing an unknown man carrying Dorothy over his shoulder downstairs and she was never seen again.
A second-year military cadet, Cox disappeared from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York after he met an unknown man, known as "George", three times over the course of a week. On the third occasion, Cox and "George" left the grounds of the academy and were never seen again.
A sergeant in the United States Army and veteran of two campaigns in the Pacific, Johnson was presumably killed in combat while providing covering fire for his wounded comrades. His remains were never recovered, and he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his valiant actions.
Rai was a major figure in the Nepali Revolution of 1951. After Rai fled to Tibet in January of that year he was never seen again and is presumed to have been killed by Government forces, while he was in the caves.
A mafia crime boss of the Mangano crime family (the future Gambino crime family), Vincent Mangano disappeared on the same day that his brother Philip Mangano was found murdered. They are believed to have been murdered on the orders of Albert Anastasia as part of a coup.
Gilliland, a United States Army soldier, was presumably killed after providing covering fire for fellow soldiers from Chinese forces. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, the youngest recipient of the award.
Potts, an American schoolgirl, disappeared while walking home from an entertainment event at Halloran Park. She is believed by police to have been abducted and murdered, possibly by someone she knew and trusted as she was shy and fearful of strangers.
RAF fighter pilot and high scoring flying ace Baldwin went missing during secondment service with the USAAF in the Korean War and is presumed to have been killed.
American schoolgirl Smith, the granddaughter of Wyoming governor Nels H. Smith, walked away from Camp Sloane near Salisbury, Connecticut after she had an altercation with other campers. She was last seen walking along U.S. Route 44, at the intersection of U.S. Route 44 and Belgo Road near Salisbury. Despite an extensive search, her disappearance has never been solved.
Mildner was an Austrian-German SS-Standartenführer who served as the chief of the Gestapo at Katowice and also was the head of the political department at Auschwitz. After the war Mildner testified at the Nuremberg Trials and remained in custody until 1949. It is believed that his disappearance was intentional, to avoid prosecution, and that he died in 1953. Adolf Eichmann claimed to have met Mildner in Argentina in 1958 but this claim has not been verified.
Tammen, a student at Miami University, left his Fisher Hall room at approximately 8 p.m. on 19 April 1953 to get new bed sheets from the Hall manager because a prankster had put a fish in his bed. Tammen took the sheets and returned to his dorm room to study psychology, which was the last time he was definitely seen. At 10:30, Tammen's roommate returned to find Tammen's psychology book lying open on his desk and all the room lights on, but Tammen was not there. When Tammen failed to return the following day, a search began. To this day, Tammen's fate remains unknown.
Graver, a politician in Illinois who served as a state representative, was escorted away from his home by men after pulling up on his driveway and was never seen again.
Borynski, a Polish Catholic priest and outspoken anti-Communist, disappeared on 13 July 1953 in Bradford, Yorkshire when he left his residence following a phone call.
A Thai separatist who advocated for greater autonomy for the Jawi community in the country, Haji Sulong disappeared after he was ordered to go to the Songkhla Police Station, and was not seen again.
Kees was an American poet, painter, literary critic, novelist, playwright, jazz pianist, short story writer, and filmmaker who went missing. On 19 July 1955 a car owned by Weldon Kees was discovered on the Marin County side of the Golden Gate Bridge. While Kees had talked about jumping over the railing of the bridge, he stated that he was physically unable to accomplish the task.
Steven Damman, a two-year-old boy, went missing outside a grocery store along with his seven-month old sister. His sister was found several blocks away unharmed, but Steven's whereabouts remain unknown.
Galíndez, a Spanish politician and Basque nationalist, disappeared in New York City on 12 March 1956. He is thought to have been kidnapped and murdered by Dominican security agents on the orders of Rafael Trujillo, though his body has never been located.
Swedish school teacher Gummeson and her American fiancé Winant were last seen in the city of Sheberghan in northern Afghanistan. Two investigations have been carried out, but both were hampered by official corruption and codes of loyalty to clan chiefs.
Lymburne represented Canada at the 1932 Winter Olympics in ski-jumping. Three years later, while training, he suffered a head injury. After 1957, he wandered into the woods and was not seen again.
Wells disappeared in Flint, Michigan on 21 November 1958, when she was seven years old. She had stayed home from school that morning due to a cold, and was last seen leaving her grandmother's house that afternoon. Wells is believed to have been abducted.
The Martin family of Portland, Oregon disappeared in the Columbia River Gorge while on a drive. Six months later the bodies of the two youngest daughters were recovered on the Columbia River, although the whereabouts of the mother, father and eldest daughter remain unsolved.
The first of the three missing children of Pirmasens. All are suspected to have been murdered by an unidentified serial killer; all three children were never found.
Burr disappeared from her home in the middle of the night on 31 August 1961 while sleeping in an upstairs room with her 3-year-old sister. Law enforcement have theorized that serial killer Ted Bundy, then 14 years old, was responsible for her abduction, as he resided in the same neighborhood. Bundy denied involvement, however, and a 2011 DNA analysis was inconclusive.
Risch was last seen in her driveway by a neighbor, and several unconfirmed sightings were reported on local roads later that day. Evidence in her house at first suggested foul play, but that opinion was reassessed when a local newspaper found that she had checked out two dozen books about mysterious disappearances and unsolved murders from the library over the preceding summer.
A caporegime in the Genovese crime family, Strollo was last seen leaving his residence in Fort Lee, New Jersey. He is believed to have been murdered on the orders of Vito Genovese in retaliation for having conspired to have Genovese imprisoned for drug trafficking. No one was ever charged in his disappearance.
Rosenthal disappeared on 29 October 1963, two days after her birth. Her twin brother, Jack, also disappeared in 1965. He was raised under a false identity, and his true identity was only discovered in 2019. Investigators believe there is a strong possibility Jill is still alive, having also been raised under a pseudonym.
The second of the three missing children of Pirmasens. Stark disappeared while walking home from school; his body was never found. He is suspected to have been murdered by an unidentified serial killer.
Gaetjens, a Haitian-American soccer player, was arrested by Haiti's Tonton Macoutes secret police on the morning of 8 July 1964 and taken to Fort Dimanche prison, where it is presumed he was killed on 10 July. His body has never been found.
Ogle took off from Oakland International Airport in his Cessna 210, a single-engine aircraft, and is believed to have been heading over the Sierra Nevada when he disappeared.
Shelton, a United States Air Force officer, was shot down over Laos while on a reconnaissance mission during the Vietnam War. He was last heard from when he sent a radio report that he had escaped by parachute. He was classified as a prisoner of war until 1994, making him the last official U.S. prisoner of war from the Vietnam War.
Disch, an American ionospheric scientist, vanished while travelling to the main station complex of Byrd Station from radio noise building. Despite search parties spotting his tracks and attempts to make the station more visible, Disch was never found.
The Dahlsjö Case – Kjell-Åke Johansson, Jan Olof Dahlsjö, and Gay Roger Karlsson – were last seen driving off in a Volvo PV444 from a café in Haga, Gothenburg on 29 July 1965. On the same day, art student Hübner "Hymme" Lundqvist (son of Evert Lundquist) was last reported alive through a postcard sent by him at Gothenburg Central Station. Lundqvist is believed to have hitchhiked with the Dahlsjö trio.
Moerachman was an Indonesian politician who in 1966 after being captured and sent to the Kalisosok Prison in Surabaya was never seen again after being removed from his cell. There is a very high chance that he was executed.
A graduate student and instructor at the University of Montana, Pearson disappeared days before she was due to submit her doctoral thesis. Her abandoned car was discovered in downtown Missoula. Her whereabouts remain unknown.
A former governor of Bali was last seen on 29 June 1966 when four soldiers visited his house in Jakarta and asked him to meet an infantry colonel. He later said goodbye to his family, and since then, he has never been seen again. His fate remains unknown until present.
Miller, Blough, and Bruhl, three young women from the Chicago suburbs, were last seen after leaving their blanket and personal effects behind on a crowded beach to get on a boat in Lake Michigan. Theories have ranged from an offshore illegal abortion gone wrong, resulting in the other two women being killed as witnesses, to a hit ordered by Silas Jayne, a Chicago-area horse breeder implicated after his 1987 death in a number of unsolved murders related to a bitter feud with his brother.
A United States Navy officer and Medal of Honor recipient, Estocin was last seen on 26 April 1967. He is believed to have either died as a prisoner of war after his aircraft was downed over Haiphong, North Vietnam, or to have died in the crash of his plane.
Brady, a Canadian Metis leader, and Cree friend Abraham Halkett disappeared while on a prospecting trip in northern Saskatchewan. An extensive land, air, and water search located their camp but failed to find any trace of either man.
A former Mayor of Surakarta. Ramelan was known as the only Mayor of Surakarta who came from the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). He was sentenced to death by the Extraordinary Military Court (Mahmilub) on 22 June 1967 and is believed to have been executed shortly thereafter.
DeBruin, a United States Air Forcestaff sergeant and member of Air America, while serving in Laos during the Second Indochina War was captured when his plane was shot down in 1963. After that he was a POW at a Pathet Lao prison camp in Laos until 1968 when he and other prisoners attempted to escape. Following the escape attempt he disappeared and it is not known if he succeeded or what became of him.
Fabb was last seen near her home in Metton, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Her abandoned bicycle was later found in a field. No trace of her has been found since, although some theories have linked her case to known serial killers.
Spencer and Hobley were last seen leaving a Halloween party together. Police have continued to investigate and believe the two were murdered, and in 2013 they announced they had a person of interest in the case but did not have enough information to continue.
51 passengers and crew were on board a NAMC YS-11 operated by Korean Air Lines flying from Gangneung to Gimpo Airport when one of the passenger went up to the cockpit and ordered the pilot to fly the plane to Pyongyang. While most of the passengers were eventually released through the Joint Security Area at Panmunjom, all four crew and 7 of the passengers have never been repatriated to this day.
9-year-old Peggy C. Rahn and 8-year-old Wendy Brown Stevenson disappeared in Pompano Beach, Florida on 29 December 1969. Rahn and Stevenson were last seen in the company of a man who bought them ice creams cones in the beach parking lot. One suspect in the girls' disappearances was serial child molester Kenneth Guy Shilts; Rahn's and Stevenson's names were reportedly listed in an entry in Shilts's notebook. In 1973, serial killer Gerard John Schaefer was accused of murdering Rahn and Stevenson; he initially denied involvement, though later confessed in 1989. Schaefer was never charged in connection with the disappearances of Rahn and Stevenson.
Grimmer went missing from a beachside shower block. Initially, she had refused to leave the shower block, causing one of her brothers to go collect their mother to persuade Cheryl to come out. In the moments between his leaving the shower block and returning with his mother, Cheryl disappeared. Witnesses claim they saw a man in an orange swimsuit carrying a blonde-haired child wrapped up in a towel. On 23 March 2017, a man was arrested and charged with Grimmer's abduction and murder. However, the judge at the Supreme Court of New South Wales declared some of the evidence inadmissible in the case, and the charges against the suspect were dropped in February 2019.
Sean Flynn, the son of actor Errol Flynn and Lili Damita, and his colleague Dana Stone, disappeared on 6 April 1970 while working as freelance photojournalists for Time. Neither man's remains were ever found and they are generally assumed to have been killed by Khmer Rouge guerrillas. After a decade-long search financed by his mother, Flynn was officially declared dead in 1984. In 2010, a British team uncovered the remains of a Western hostage in the Cambodian jungle, but DNA comparisons with samples from the Flynn family were negative.
Edward Andrews and his wife Stephania disappeared after leaving a party in the Chicago Loop on 15 May 1970. Police theorized that the couple accidentally drove into the Chicago River, but multiple searches over a period of years failed to locate them or their vehicle.
Flag Marutle Boshielo was a South African anti-apartheid activist, trade unionist, and communist who disappeared in the Caprivi Strip on 20 August 1970 during an unsuccessful MK operation after his contingent was ambushed. Boshielo had started serving as political commissar of the MK in 1969.
Frost was reported missing by her sister on 15 October 1970, having failed to return home from a walk in Prince George, British Columbia two days earlier. Frost has not been seen since.
After running out of gas on the Hollywood Freeway, Graham was last seen by California Highway Patrol officers on 15 November 1970. The officer directed her to a callbox and later saw her speaking with a man beside her car. The circumstances of her disappearance resulted in CHP policies being changed to ensure the safety of stranded female motorists.
Sada Abe was a former geisha and prostitute infamous for the murder of her lover in the 1930s. Abe left a note behind at the hotel she worked at stating that "I'm just a no use girl" some time in 1971 and has since been unaccounted for.
A. B. M. Abdur Rahim was a labour legal consultant, general secretary of the Pakistan Labour Federation, and manager of the Ujala Match Factory, who was abducted from the factory by Pakistani armed forces on 5 May 1971 and has been missing since.
Rakhal Chandra Das was a Bangladeshi physician who was kidnapped on 12 May 1971 by a Pakistan Army in a hospital where he was working during the Bangladesh Liberation War and was never seen again. He is believed to have been killed.
Sampare was last seen by her cousin on the Highway of Tears outside Gitsegukla on 14 October 1971. He left her alone when he went home to get a jacket or his bike, and she was gone when he returned.
Christy, a PAF bomber pilot and navigator, was tasked with destroying an air station belonging to the Indian Air Force, but was presumably shot down by a Surface-to-air missile.
A student at the Fort Vancouver High School who went missing while walking home from school. Initially considered a runaway by authorities, foul play was suspected when her identification, purse, and other personal possessions were discovered approximately 20 miles from where she was last seen alive. She is suspected of being a victim of serial killer Warren Forrest.
A. K. M. Miraj Uddin was a Bangladeshi athlete, freedom fighter, and politician who disappeared after being released from the Dhaka Central Jail and taken in a jeep on 8 December 1971, and has not been seen since.
Schulze was a student at Middlebury College and was last seen by one of her college friends when she abruptly turned back on the way to a literature exam, claiming she had left her favorite pen in her dorm room. Her wallet, checkbook, and other belongings were found at the dorm. A subsequent report said that she was seen a short time later outside a health-food store co-owned and operated at that time by Robert Durst and his wife Kathleen, who herself disappeared a decade later. Schulze had also been seen buying prunes from the same store earlier in the day.
Kaiser, a Bangladeshi writer and novelist who was awarded multiple awards during different decades, disappeared on 14 December 1971 and is believed to have been killed.
Brendan Simbwaye was an anti-apartheidNamibian activist and high ranking politician, who mysteriously disappeared in Caprivi in 1972. It has been claimed that the South African security forces had murdered Simbwaye, but this has never been proven to be true.
Zahir Raihan, a Bangladeshi novelist, writer, and filmmaker and the brother of Shahidullah Kaiser, disappeared on 30 January 1972, while looking for his brother, who had been abducted by Pakistani forces.
The Brazilian physician and field surgeon for the ALN was captured, tortured and likely murdered by Brazilian authorities. His body has never been recovered.
Nick Begich and Hale Boggs were both Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives and disappeared when the airplane in which they were traveling presumably crashed in a remote area on 16 October 1972, while en route from Anchorage to Juneau.
One of three surviving perpetrators of the Munich massacre, Al-Gashey was released in a prisoner exchange and given refuge in Libya. Although Al-Gashey provided an interview on condition of anonymity as to his whereabouts in 1999, his current whereabouts are unknown.
Armbrust was the wife of a man whose body was found near Grant, Colorado; he was later identified as Anthony John Armbrust III. It is believed that Armbrust and her husband had signed a suicide pact, and authorities believe her to be deceased.
Robinson was an African-American civil rights activist who disappeared around 25 April 1973 during the Wounded Knee Protests on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. In 2014, the FBI said it had concluded from witness statements that Robinson was killed by American Indian Movement militants and he was "buried in the hills". His body has never been located.
Christine Markham was an English girl who was last seen walking to school. Markham's body has never been found. Several individuals, including serial child killers Robert Black and Joseph Kappen, have been questioned about potential involvement in Markham's abduction, but her disappearance remains unsolved.
Australian baby Jason was abducted by his father Barry Shannon at his grandparents' home in Elizabeth West, Adelaide; Barry died in a vehicle collision shortly thereafter. He has not been seen since, and police believe that he was either murdered or given to a relative of Barry to be raised in secret.
Janice Kathryn Pockett was an American female child who disappeared after leaving her home in Tolland, Connecticut on 26 July 1973 and has not been seen since.
Ratcliffe and Gordon are two Australian girls who went missing while attending an Australian rules football match at the Adelaide Oval on 25 August 1973.
Six people were convicted of their alleged murders on the basis of confessions extracted by the police. On 27 September 2018, 44 years later, the Supreme Court of Iceland acquitted five of the six original suspects.
17-year-old Amy Billig disappeared in Coconut Grove, a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, on 5 March 1974. She had been headed to her father's art gallery to borrow money before meeting a friend for lunch, though never arrived. Billig is believed to have been abducted, drugged, raped, and murdered by members of the Pagan's Motorcycle Club.
Acosta was a Mexican-American attorney and friend of the American author Hunter S. Thompson. Acosta is referred to as "Dr Gonzo" in Thompson's 1971 roman à clef Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. On 27 May 1974, Acosta disappeared while traveling in Mexico after telling his son Marco he was about to leave Mazatlán on a "boat full of white snow", presumably an allusion to cocaine. Marco later said that although his body was never found, he surmises that probably, knowing the people he was involved with, he ended up mouthing off, getting into a fight, and getting killed.
A Shumway Junior High School student. The circumstances surrounding her disappearance initially led police to suspect she had run away from home; her ultimate fate remains unclear, although investigators now suspect her of being a victim of serial killer Warren Forrest.
Hawkins, a University of Washington student, vanished in an alleyway behind her sorority house. Notorious serial killer Ted Bundy admitted to her supposed murder and that her remains had been recovered along with those of other victims, but these claims have never been verified.
Fox was a teenage girl who disappeared on 24 June 1974 from Burlington, New Jersey for unknown reasons and has not been seen since. It is believed by some people that she was kidnapped.
Kouroupis was an officer in the Hellenic Army. At the time of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, he was a lieutenant colonel and commanding officer of the 251st Battalion of the Cypriot National Guard, the unit closest to the Turkish landing site. With his unit, he opposed the Turkish army at the Battle of Pentemili beachhead, stalling its advance for two days. Kouroupis was last seen on 22 July 1974. Following the conclusion of the battle, the fate of Kouroupis is unknown.
Converse was a singer-songwriter who was active in the New York City folk-music scene of the 1950s. In 1974, two years after losing her job as managing editor of the Journal of Conflict Resolution, Converse wrote letters to friends and family expressing her intention to start a new life. In August 1974, she loaded her Volkswagen Beetle with her belongings, drove away, and was never heard from again.
Jimmy, a 12-year-old Australian boy, was last seen entering a dark-coloured vehicle near a local store in Derby, Western Australia. A coronial inquest named convicted murderer James Ryan O'Neill as a possible person of interest.
McGonagle, an Irish-American mobster and leader of the Mullen Gang, disappeared in November 1974. It is supposed that he was killed on orders of rival mobster Whitey Bulger, but his remains have never been recovered.
Arón was a Chilean journalist and left-wing activist who was kidnapped on 18 November 1974 by agents of the DINA (the Chilean secret police during Pinochet's military dictatorship) and taken to Villa Grimaldi, where she was tortured by Miguel Krassnoff and presumably murdered. Her body was never recovered.
The actress Bueno and the cinematographer Müller, both Chilean, were interrogated and tortured by DINA agents at Villa Grimaldi shortly before they were forcibly disappeared on 29 November 1974.
Trlica took her friends, Wilson and Moseley, on a Christmas shopping trip to Fort Worth's Seminary South Shopping Center. The girls' abandoned car was discovered in the Sears lot, but the three girls' whereabouts are unknown.
Sullivan, an American singer-songwriter, left Los Angeles on 4 March 1975 to drive to Nashville, Tennessee. His abandoned car was found at a remote ranch in New Mexico, and he was reportedly last seen walking away from it on 6 March. The car contained Sullivan's money, papers, guitar, clothes, and a box of his unsold records.
Blades disappeared on 31 May 1975 while hitchhiking on the North Island. She is believed to have been murdered, but no remains have ever been discovered.
Nielsen, an Australian publisher, activist, and heiress, disappeared in Kings Cross, Sydney, on 4 July 1975. She was presumed murdered, but no one has been convicted of the crime, and her remains have never been found.
Stammberger, a German mountaineer, disappeared in October 1975 while scouting an expedition of Tirich Mir. It is believed he may have joined the mujahideen and died in the early 1980s in Afghanistan.
The UPLB student journalist and first female editor-in-chief of the Aggie Green and Gold who was abducted and presumably killed during the Marcos dictatorship.
Chantaraingsey, a member of the Cambodian royal family and a Cambodian nationalist, was initially a leader of the guerrilla resistance against the colonial French, but was presumably killed in 1975 or 1976 while fighting the Khmer Rouge.
Naradipo, a Cambodian prince, disappeared mysteriously in 1976. Many years later, however, there were rumors that he was still alive. Several people claimed to be the missing prince, but they were all later proven to be false.
Kantol, a former prime minister of Cambodia who was the first to rule for more than two years, disappeared in 1976, presumably killed by the Khmer Rouge.
Tenório Júnior, a Brazilian musician and composer, disappeared mysteriously while on tour in Argentina in March 1976. A decade after his disappearance, an Argentinian military colonel came forward and claimed that Tenório Júnior had been mistaken for a guerrilla, abducted, tortured and subsequently killed, yet this claim has never been confirmed.
Maino, a photographer, political activist and leader of the Popular Unitary Action Movement, was detained by DINA agents for opposing Augusto Pinochet's regime. He and several others were transported to a secret government facility, and have not been seen since.
Prior to his disapearance on 1 July 1976, Mikhail was a Palestinian scholar and a Fatah member, and he was sent by Yasser Arafat to a refuge camp in Tripoli to investigate the conflicts that was ongoing then. The boat boarded by Mikhail, nine PLO members and two sailors went missing since its departure, and the 12 men, including Mikhail, were never found, although unconfirmed theories suggested that Mikhail was secretly detained by either Syrian or the Phalange forces, or that he was murdered by the Syrians.
Islas, a Uruguayan political activist, disappeared together with her husband, after they were arrested for being suspected militants by Uruguayan intelligence services. Neither has been located, and both remains missing to this day.
Jussi Kivimäki was a professional Greco-Roman light heavyweight wrestler who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics. After disappearing on 15 December 1976, he was declared dead in absentia, with his date of death being recorded as sometime around 1 January 1976.
Oesterheld, an Argentine journalist and writer of comics as well as graphic novels, also known simply as "HGO", disappeared in 1977 and is believed to have been kidnapped and has not been seen since.
Brach, an heiress novelist, disappeared on 17 February 1977, and was thought to have been murdered. A man named Richard Bailey was charged more than a decade later with killing Brach, but not convicted. He eventually received a long sentence after being convicted of defrauding her.
Boyle disappeared while walking back to her grandparents' house. The investigation into her death has been criticized by some parts of her family and former police officers have stated that they believe Boyle was killed. Boyle is Ireland's longest-running missing child case.
An Australian anti-drug campaigner, Mackay may have been murdered after providing information to police that resulted in what was then the biggest drug bust in Australian history.
Filipino activists from the University of the Philippines Los Baños who were best known as some of the most prominent desaparecidos of the Marcos Martial Law era in the Philippines were abducted on 31 July 1977 and have not been seen since.
Yutaka Kume disappeared from Ishikawa Prefecture in 1977. In 2003, the Japanese Government issued an arrest warrant for Kim Se-ho [ja], a North Korean agent, for his role in the abduction. North Korea denies any involvement in his disappearance, nor his entry to the country ever happening.
Matsumoto left her home to go to a weaving class at around 8PM of 21 October 1977 and was never seen again. Later that night she was seen talking with 2 suspicious men, who promptly punched the witness when they were asked what they were doing. Matsumoto has been listed as one of the victims of North Korean abduction by the Japanese Government in 2006.
Mathias, of Yuba City, California, is the only one of a group of five men who disappeared after buying junk food and snacks at a Chico market on the night of 24 February 1978, but who has not been found. Their car was found several days later on a winding dirt road high in the Sierra Nevada; why they were there, well off their route home, and why they abandoned a car that was apparently in good working order, is not known. In June of that year, the remains of three were found in the woods where they had died of exposure; a fourth was found in a trailer 20 miles (32 km) from the car, where he had starved to death after suffering severe frostbite, despite the availability of food, heat, and warmer clothing. Mathias, too, is believed to have made it to that trailer, but left it at some point.
Mary Leah Rodermund disappeared on 2 March 1978 in Morgan City, Louisiana after going to a store and is known to have been abducted as her parents were called by both her abducter and her. She was never located.
Panjoy was a Thai national who was abducted by North Korean agents from Macau on 21 May 1978. Her case only became known after the release of the American Charles Robert Jenkins and his Japanese family in 2004.
Tanaka was a staff at a Chinese restaurant in Kobe who was taken to North Korea via Vienna and Moscow by North Korean agents, including the manager of the restaurant Tanaka worked at.
Ichikawa and Masumoto both went out to see the sunset at Fukiage Beach but were abducted at the beach. North Korea has claimed that the two had passed away within a few years after they were last seen in 1978, but the claim has not been substantiated.
Miyoshi Soga was abducted by North Korean agents with her daughter, Hitomi, on 12 August 1978. While Hitomi returned to Japan in 2002, Miyoshi remains unaccounted for, with North Korea denying Miyoshi ever entered North Korea. In spite of this, the Japanese Government has issued an arrest warrant for Kim Myong-Suk, a North Korean agent, for his involvement in their abduction.
Collectively known as the "Clinton Avenue Five", they disappeared under unclear circumstances in 1978. In November 2008, Philander Hampton confessed that he and his cousin had killed them for supposedly stealing marijuana from his house, shooting them at gunpoint and then burning the bodies. Hampton was convicted and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, but his victims' remains have never been found.
The five women were social escorts who were invited to a party on a ship on the day of their disappearance. It is speculated that they could be victims of a transnational prostitution ring or human trafficking syndicate, or could be kidnapped by North Korean agents.
Musa al-Sadr and two aides, Mohammed Yaaqoub and Abbas Badreddine(fr) disappeared six days after entering Libya on 31 August, during an official visit from Iranians from Lebanon at the invitation of the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
Andrew John Amato was an American male child who disappeared from the woods in Webster, Massachusetts while he was playing on 30 September 1978 and has not been seen since.
Frederick Valentich disappeared on 21 October 1978 during a solo flight near Bass Strait after reporting to an air traffic controller that his plane was being circled by an unknown craft.
Farni disappeared en route to her elementary school after testifying against her father before a grand jury regarding physical-abuse allegations against him. Serial killer Henry Lee Lucas at one point implicated himself in Farni's disappearance and alleged murder, but her whereabouts remain unknown.
Robinson, a former professional boxer notable for his bout with Cassius Clay (the future Muhammad Ali) in 1961, was last heard from in 1979, when he was living in the Overtown district of Miami, but has not been seen or heard from since.
Williams, a New Zealand cardiologist who discovered Williams syndrome, went missing in London. He was declared "a missing person presumed to be dead from 1978" by the High Court of New Zealand. However, Williams renewed his passport in Geneva in September 1979. He had possibly gone into hiding, as reports of alleged and indirect contact with him were made as recently as 2000.
DeSimone, an American mobster and associate of Henry Hill and the Lucchese crime family, was reported missing by his wife, Angela, on 14 January 1979. She said she had last seen DeSimone a few weeks earlier when he borrowed $60 from her. He was broadly considered to have been murdered in retaliation for any number of murders that DeSimone himself was involved in. However, no trace of him has ever been found.
On 28 April 1979, Christina Lee White attended a parade with a friend, then later returned to the friend's home feeling sick. She called her mother who advised her to return home on her bike. White was not seen again. Authorities link her disappearance with the unsolved Lewis Clark Valley murders.
Allen was last seen at King's Cross station at 3:50 pm on 5 November 1979, when he left his friends to go to his brother's house. A witness came forward to say that a 30-year-old male was seen at Gloucester Road tube station later that same afternoon in the company of a boy who looked like Allen. The man was heard to tell the boy not to try to run, and the witness stated that the boy looked scared. Theories exist that Allen fell prey to a paedophile gang operating in London and that he was murdered.
Davudi, an Iranian Baháʼí professor and member of the Spiritual Assembly, is thought to have been kidnapped and executed by government agents as part of the ongoing persecution.
Al Saeed, a Saudi Arabian writer and founder of the Arabian Peninsula People's Union most known for criticizing the Saudi royal family, was abducted by Saudi agents while in Beirut to conduct interviews, and was never seen again.
Veeravanallur Vedantam Sadagopan who went by "V. V. Sadagopan" was an Indian composer, performer, music teacher, film actor, ICS aspirant, and university rank-holder who disappeared in Andhra Pradesh on 11 April 1980 and was never seen again.
Louise Faulkner and her daughter Charmian went missing in April 1980 after Louise told a friend she was visiting her boyfriend in Gippsland. They were last seen getting into a white ute. Both were declared legally dead in 2006 at an inquest. No trace of them has been found.
Fourteen-year-old Rahn disappeared from her apartment after spending an evening with two friends. Upon returning home in the early morning, her mother noticed the lightbulbs in the hallways of each floor in the apartment building had been unscrewed, leaving the halls dark. Upon entering the apartment, she saw the figure of a young girl in Rahn's bed, and assumed the figure was Rahn. However, several hours later, she discovered that she was in fact Rahn's friend, who had fallen asleep in the bed. Her friend claimed to have last seen Rahn during the night when she got up to go to sleep on the couch. In the years after Rahn's disappearance, her mother received various anonymous phone calls, several of which were traced to motels in Southern California.
Jaeger, a French physician and alpinist, disappeared on 27 April 1980 while attempting to climb the Lhotse Shar in Nepal and is presumed dead, his body having never been found.
Matsuki was an exchange student who was starting his studies in Madrid while Ishioka was a traveler who were abducted to North Korea by Japanese North Korean sympathizers, both of which have since been issued arrest warrants by the Japanese Government. North Korea has claimed that both individuals have since passed, but their claim has not been substantiated.
Hara was kidnapped by North Korean agent Sin Gwang-Su and South Korean Kim Kil Uk, who had lured him from Osaka to Miyazaki with a job offer in June of 1980. Hara has not been seen since, and Sin has used Hara's identity to obtain a Japanese passport.
Chinese biochemist and explorer Peng, who led an expedition to Lop Nur, disappeared after leaving a note saying he had gone to find water. He is presumed dead; a number of attempts have been made to find his remains, but nothing has ever been found.
John Favara was the backyard neighbor of Gambinocrime bossJohn Gotti, in Howard Beach, New York, who disappeared on 28 July 1980, over four months after he struck and killed Gotti's 12-year-old son, Frank, with his car on 4 March, as the boy darted into the street on a motorized minibike. After the killing, Favara's wife and two sons moved out of Howard Beach; John was declared legally dead in 1983.
Alan Addis, a British Royal Marine stationed in the Falkland Islands, was part of a three-man team that had journeyed to the remote settlement of North Arm in Lafonia on East Falkland to pick up three other Royal Marines and equipment. On the evening of 8 August, Addis and the other marines attended a function in the village hall along with forty locals. The marines left the event at different times to various local homes, and Addis's colleagues reported last seeing him at around 1:30 am. Authorities initially believed Addis had possibly drowned, but several local men were later arrested for his murder, but subsequently released.
Randy Sellers disappeared on 16 August 1980 after police dropped him a mile from his house, following an incident at a county fair. In the early 1990s, incarcerated serial killer Donald Leroy Evans made a string of confessions to murders, including Sellers's, but Evans's confession has not been substantiated. Attention has also focused on the two officers who last saw Sellers.
The American geologist and planetary scientist disappeared on 6 October 1980 during a descent from Mount Nun in the Kashmir Himalayas and is believed to be dead.
Suspected victim of Terry Peder Rasmussen, whom Beaudin had previously dated. Beaudin is believed to have been killed somewhere in California, although her body has never been found.
These four Iranian diplomats disappeared in Lebanon on 5 July 1982. On that date, when the vehicle carrying the diplomats was passing through a checkpoint on its way to Beirut, it was intercepted by Phalange Party members. Three decades after the incident, the fate of the missing diplomats remains a mystery, and the search for the Iranian diplomats continues.
Gosch was reported missing by his parents after he disappeared on 5 September 1982, while delivering newspapers.[425] At that time, the custom was a three-day waiting period before police responded to missing-persons reports. Gosch was not heard from again, but his case prompted new laws for Iowa and other states resulting in missing-persons reports involving children being given immediate attention.
On the night of 12 September 1982, Pearsall, an employee of the Lewiston Civic Theater, entered the building to use the laundry facilities and has not been seen since. His disappearance occurred on the same night as that of two women he was acquainted with, Kristina Diane Nelson and Jacqueline Ann "Brandy" Miller. Nelson and Miller were later found dead. Police believe Pearsall may have been a victim of the same killer.
Clemons disappeared from Kansas City on 24 November 1982 along with her daughter and an unnamed man, apparently to "start a new life" in Florida. On 3 December 1982, Clemons was seen walking on a bridge above the Escatawpa River on Interstate 10, near the Alabama/Mississippi border with her daughter, appearing distressed. When passing motorists tried to assist her, she refused any help. A motorist reported seeing the body of a woman, floating in the river on 5 December, however, when authorities responded, they found the body of her daughter instead. Subsequent searches did not find Clemons, however did uncover the body of another unidentified man, who was most likely unrelated to the case. Authorities still consider Clemons a missing person, but believe she is deceased.
Sri Lankan business magnate Upali Wijewardene's private Lear jet disappeared en route to Colombo on 13 February 1983. An extensive search operation by air and naval units failed to locate any evidence of a crash; his plane disappeared without a trace, and he is believed to be dead.
Janvier disappeared on 17 March 1983 when he was believed to have been abducted along with his brothers by an unidentified white man. While his brothers escaped, Ludovic has not been located.
Arimoto was a Japanese exchange student who was lured by Megumi Yao (wife of one of the hijackers of JAL 351 in 1970), claiming to offer a job opportunity, before disappearing. She was later determined to have been abducted by North Korean agents. North Korea has claimed that Arimoto died in 1988 with her husband Tohru Ishioka, another abduction victim, but the claim is not substantiated.
Russian immigrant Gotlib disappeared from the premises of a shopping mall on 1 June 1983. The police later found her bike, but her abductor has remained a mystery.
On 25 June 1983 in the Helena National Forest, four-year-old Nyleen Marshall disappeared from a large family picnic. Some children with whom she was playing claimed to have seen her talking to an unknown man in a jogging suit. In the years after Marshall's disappearance, an anonymous person placed phone calls and wrote letters to missing-person nonprofits, as well as to the Marshall family, detailing his apparent kidnapping of Marshall. The unknown writer/caller was traced to Wisconsin, and he claimed Marshall was alive and well, though some content of his letters indicated sexual abuse. The identity of the letter writer and caller remain unknown, as does Marshall's whereabouts.
The American computer scientist was last seen on 2 September 1983 aboard a private plane, a Britten-Norman Islander, with six other people to go on a hunting trip. The plane disappeared somewhere in British Columbia and was never found.
14-year-old Sondra Kay Ramber disappeared in Santa Fe, Texas, on 26 October 1983, having last been seen at her family's home. The front door was left open, food was left in the oven, and Ramber's purse and coat were still in the house. It was initially believed that Ramber had gone to the store, though she never returned home.
Collins disappeared while en route to basketball practice. He was one of the first children to be featured on milk cartons and the cover of national publications.
Naomi Uemura, a Japanese adventurer who was particularly well known for doing alone what had previously been achieved only with large teams, disappeared on 13 February 1984 while descending Mount Denali after a solo climb.
Prodanov, a Bulgarianmountaineer and the first Bulgarian to climb Mount Everest, disappeared on 21 April 1984 after descending the mountain the previous night. He was last heard from reporting that he had lost his gloves and is believed to have died.
Kerrigan, a Roman Catholic priest, was last seen at a bakery in Ronan. His bloodied clothing and a blood-stained coat hanger was found along Flathead Lake days later. His vehicle was discovered shortly after, containing USD $1,200, along with a blood-stained pillowcase and shovel. Kerrigan was later implicated, along with 80 others, in sexual abuse of minors by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena. His remains have never been found.
Tammy Belanger, an eight-year-old third-grade student, disappeared while walking from her home to the nearby elementary school. Police believe she was abducted; the one suspect in the case was never charged in connection with Belanger's disappearance, and he died in December 2012.
Ayakannu Marithamuthu was a Singaporean caretaker who was allegedly murdered on 23 December 1984. His body has never been found, and speculation remains his body was cooked into a curry before being disposed of in garbage containers. Six individuals were later charged with Ayakannu's murder, but were released on the day of the trial due to lack of evidence.
Jorgensen, a New Zealand criminal on parole after completing a prison sentence, vanished in mysterious circumstances in 1984 after his car was found wrecked at the bottom of a cliff. Police initially suspected he faked his death, but he was declared legally dead in 1998. Since his body was never found, rumors persisted that he became a police informant in Australia.
American mathematician Weisfeiler disappeared during a solo hiking trip in 1985. Chilean authorities originally concluded that he drowned, but documents released by the U.S. Department of State in 2000 included a 1986 memo suggesting he may be a captive "somewhere in Chile (probably Colonia Dignidad)", and a 1987 account by a CIA source claiming that Weisfeiler had been interrogated and fatally beaten by a Chilean army patrol.
Mahan was last seen getting off her school bus a short distance from her house on 22 February 1985. Police focused on a van seen near the bus when she got off. Her face was the first to be put on mailers sent all around the country, a practice continued with age-progressed photos as time passed. She was declared legally dead in 1998. In 2011, police claimed they had received a promising new lead but would not discuss it.
Unger Sarkis Zeitlian was a Lebanese American journalist and political leader of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) who was abducted in Beirut on 28 March 1985 and presumably murdered under unknown circumstances.
Fluegelman, a publisher, photographer, programmer, and attorney, disappeared on 6 July 1985, and is believed to have committed suicide after his car was found abandoned at the north end of the Golden Gate Bridge.
Suzuki was last seen on the evening of 6 July 1985 after leaving a dance studio where she worked as an instructor. Blood evidence found at the scene has not been matched to any suspect, nor can it be matched to Suzuki, since her blood type was not known. A photographer she knew was questioned by police and released without charge.
Morin disappeared from the Etobicoke borough after leaving her apartment to go on a swim date with a friend. While her case is now considered cold, it is still under investigation by local police and missing child organizations.
17-year-old Michelle Doherty Thomas was last seen leaving her familial residence in Santa Fe, Texas on 5 October 1985, after having returned from work at a Galveston, Texas gas station. She left to meet with friends at a nearby nightclub located on Galveston Island for later that the evening. Acquaintances claimed they had stopped at a convenience store on the way to the nightclub and Michelle had gotten into a vehicle with two men. She has not been seen since. Authorities believe that she may have been abducted and murdered.
Adolphe, who was the right-hand woman of former Haitian president François Duvalier, was held prisoner in an army barracks next to the national palace in Haiti following Duvalier's overthrow, and left the country in February 1986. Her current whereabouts are unknown.
American girl Anthonette Cayedito disappeared from her home in the early-morning hours of 6 April 1986. Her mother went to look for her, but she could not be found.
The adopted daughter of Muammar Gaddafi, Hana Gaddafi is alleged to have died in the 1986 United States bombing of Libya; however, claims of her death in these bombings are disputed, with allegations including her having survived the raid and subsequently becoming a doctor as an adult, and of her mother fleeing to Algeria with her and her siblings, remaining.
McCormick was last seen alive by her sister, whom she informed of her intentions to hitchhike to school. She never arrived at her destination. Although McCormick had informed school friends of her intentions to run away to Florida, she did not take any of her personal belongings, and was wearing boots she had complained gave her discomfort. It is believed McCormick met with foul play; investigators have considered two individuals as suspects in the case: Firstly, convicted child murderer, Lewis Stephen Lent Jr; then in 2011 police named Arthur Mason Slaybaugh, who died in 2001, as a person of interest in the case.
Two students of Owen Primary School, best friends Keh Chin Ann and Toh Hong Huat, both 12 years old, went missing on 14 May 1986. Chin Ann, the youngest of three children and the only son of his family, was last seen by a classmate running out of school to buy something after passing his bag to him. Hong Huat, the only child of a single-parent family, was last seen by his mother going out of the house to go to school, saying that Chin Ann came to fetch him to go to school together (which took place after Chin Ann went out of school). The boys were generally well-behaved and had never played truant before, according to their families. Their case became known as the "McDonald's Boys Case" as the fast food chain McDonald's offered a hefty S$100,000 reward for any information of the boys' whereabouts.
Martínez, the ten-year-old son of a tank truck driver, mysteriously disappeared after his father's truck overturned in the Somosierra mountain pass and spilled its cargo of over 20,000 litres of sulphuric acid, resulting in deaths of his parents. However, the child's body was never found at the scene. Physical evidence and witness accounts suggested that Martínez was abducted, possibly by a drug smuggling cartel, following the accident.
Feced, an Argentinian police official believed responsible for many tortures and extrajudicial executions during the country's Dirty War, was stated to have died in prison on 21 July 1986 while facing charges related to those activities. However, the records of his death and burial are incomplete and sometimes contradictory. Several sources doubt he was even imprisoned at the time. In 1986, the military hospital announced that Feced had died, but they did not offer any proof of it.
British estate agent Suzy Lamplugh disappeared from Fulham, London, on 28 July 1986. In 1994, she was declared dead and presumed murdered. Despite further police investigations in 1998 and 2000, no trace of her has been found.
Bright disappeared on 14 August 1986 while attending a county fair with his sister. The following day, his mother found his wallet, watch, and keys in his stepfather's house nearby, where he had been staying. Foul play has been suspected and police had a potential suspect who died in prison in 2007. While his family believes he is dead, and held a memorial service for him in 2011, they have not petitioned a court to make that declaration legal.
Irish schoolboy Philip Cairns disappeared 23 October 1986 on his way back to school after going home for lunch. His schoolbag was found abandoned in a previously searched lane near his house a few days later but there has been no trace of Philip and no arrests have been made in connection with the case.
Leading seaman Simon Parkes, in the Royal Navy, went missing when the ship he was serving aboard was docked in Gibraltar. Parkes had gone into town and was last seen leaving the Horseshoe Bar on the peninsula. Because he disappeared on 12 December 1986, Allan Grimson (who favoured killing on that date and was serving aboard the same ship at that time) has been named as a suspect in Parkes' possible murder, though no trace of him or a body has been found.
After two days away from school when her parents claimed she was sick, on the morning of 10 February Pandos's parents say they found a lengthy note in her room telling them she was taking some time away from home but warning them not to call the police or she would never return home. They did not notify the police for three days, and took even longer to let their family members know. The couple's account of the disappearance has changed, both of them failed lie detector tests and questions have been raised about whether Pandos really wrote the note. The case, and Pandos's older brother's attempts to find out whether his belief that his parents know more than they have claimed to, is the subject of the 2023 HBO series Burden of Proof.[483]
Italian economist Caffè left his home at dawn on 15 April 1987, shortly after quitting university teaching, and disappeared. He was declared dead on 30 October 1998, and the mystery of his disappearance has not been solved.
Weflen, an operator for the Bonneville Power Administration, disappeared on 16 September 1987. Weflen was working at the Four Mounds substation in Spokane County. She vanished some time after 3:30 pm after going to check on a transformer. Her work truck was found with its door and back hatch open and her personal possessions inside and on the ground. The gravel in the vicinity showed signs of a struggle.
Siriwan whose real name was "Phailin Collin" was a Thai actress from Nakhon chaisri District, Nakhon Pathom who disappeared on 3 December 1987 while filming a movie in Thailand. No trace of her has ever been found.
Kay disappeared in the Beachy Head area in 1988, less than a year before the remains of Jessie Earl, who disappeared in 1980, were found in the same area. Due to the similar circumstances, authorities believe the cases might be related, and that both women were victims of Scottish serial killer Peter Tobin.
A former head of office of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hoelgaard relocated from Denmark to Marbella following his retirement. He disappeared after leaving his home in 1988; he was declared legally dead in 1990.
Smalley and Madison disappeared on the morning of 20 March 1988. Police know the girls were at Smalley's house by midnight, but they later left. The car in which they rode was found parked and locked in Dallas, Texas.
Ron Arad, a jet-fighter navigator, was captured on 16 October 1986 by Amal Shi'ite forces in southern Lebanon after ejecting from his damaged F-4 Phantom II while on a bombing mission. Israeli intelligence officers reportedly knew his whereabouts until the early hours of 4 May 1988, his 30th birthday, when he abruptly vanished from the house where he was held, at the village of Nebbi Shiit.
Bardellino, a powerful Neapolitan camorrista and boss of the Casalesi clan, was said to have been murdered on 26 May 1988 by his right-hand man, Mario Iovine. Since his body was not found, he is rumored to still be alive.
Calico disappeared near her home after embarking on a bike ride. A Polaroid photo of a boy and girl, bound and gagged, surfaced on 15 June 1989 in Port St. Joe, Florida and speculation was that Calico might be the girl in the photo, but that was never confirmed.
15-year-old Piia Ristikankare disappeared on 7 October 1988 following an argument with her little brothers at her home in Piikkiö. She was declared dead in absentia in 2011.
Meehan, a resident of Bozeman, Montana, got into an accident on Montana Highway 200 while driving to Circle, a town in eastern Montana. Shortly afterward, a driver at the scene witnessed her climb over a fence and stare at the scene before disappearing into the nearby fields.
Horvath-Allan disappeared on 26 May 1989 from a campsite. A Canadian-born British national, he was hiking across Canada and had plans to meet up with his mother and stepfather in Hong Kong by August 1989, but never made it.
Brannen disappeared while attending a Christmas party at the Woodside Apartments and has not been seen since. Though a worker at the complex was convicted of abduction in 1990, her body has not been found and murder charges were not filed.
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^Lexikon české literatury, vol.I, Academia, Praha 2000, pp.795–797, ISBN80-200-0797-0 and Slovník českých spisovatelů, Československý spisovatel, Praha 1964, p.112.
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^Flannery, T. (2012). Among the islands: adventures in the Pacific. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. ISBN978-0-8021-9404-6.
^Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 210.
^Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918Norman Franks, Frank W. Bailey. Grub Street, 1992. ISBN0-948817-54-2, ISBN978-0-948817-54-0
^Степанов, А (2008). "Тришатный Сергей Иосифович". In Oleg Platonov (ed.). Чёрная сотня. Историческая энциклопедия 1900-1917. (in Russian) (Институт русской цивилизации ed.). Moscow: Крафт+.
^Danilov, V.P. (2006). Нестор Махно. Крестьянское движение на Украине. 1918–1921: Документы и материалы [Nestor Makhno. The Peasant Movement in Ukraine. 1918–1921: Documents and materials] (in Russian). Moscow: ROSSPEN. ISBN 9785824307696. OCLC 70989293.
^Investigative case of Dr. Dubrovin / entry. Art., publ. and approx. V.G. Makarova // Archive of Jewish history. International Research Center for Russian and East European Jewry. 2004. p. 308.
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^Gitlow, Benjamin, The Whole of Their Lives; Communism in America—a Personal History and Intimate Portrayal of its Leaders, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1948)
^Lai Xinxia (来新夏) (etc.) (2000). The History of Beiyang Warlords (北洋军阀史). Press of Nankai University (Nankai Daxue Chubanshe; 南开大学出版社). ISBN7-310-01517-7.
^Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 1—Vorkriegszeit und Einsatz über Polen—1934 bis 1939 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 1—Pre-War Period and Action over Poland—1934 to 1939] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-54-0.
^Bulkin, Anatoly (2018). Генералитет Красной Армии (1918-1941). Военный биографический словарь в 3-х томах [Red Army Generals, 1918–1941: Three-volume Military Biographical Dictionary] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Penza: Kopi-Rizo.
^Stockert, Peter (2012) [1996]. Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1] (in German) (4th ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. ISBN978-3-9802222-7-3.
^Moremon, John (2002). A Bitter Fate: Australians in Malaya & Singapore, December 1941–February 1942. Canberra: Department of Veterans' Affairs. pp. 115–116. ISBN1-877007-10-2.
^Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1991). Malta: The Spitfire Year. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN978-0-948817-16-8.
^ abPatzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941–1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941–1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN978-3-931533-45-8.
^Liu Shoulin (刘寿林) (etc.ed.) (1995). The Chronological Table of the Republic's Officer (民国职官年表). Zhonghua Book Company (Zhonghua Shuju; 中华书局). ISBN7-101-01320-1.
^Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN978-3-87341-065-7.
^Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "Barbarossa"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "Barbarossa"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-70-0.
^"Berthold Korts". Traditionsgemeinschaft Jagdgeschwader 52 & Luftwaffen - JG 52 - Museum e.V. (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2010.
^Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-70-0.
^"The Cage". Dan Billany – Hull's Lost Hero. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
^Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN978-3-942943-05-5
^Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 – The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN978-3-7909-0284-6.
^Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN978-3-938845-17-2.
^Franz Thomas, Günter Wegmann (Hrsg.): Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht. 1939–1945. Teil 6, Die Gebirgstruppe. Band 2, L–Z. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1994, ISBN3-7648-2430-1, S. 429 ff.
^Merl, Jean (14 September 1997). "Mystery in the Sky". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
^Jablonický, J., 2004, Samizdat o odboji. Štúdie a články. 1. (Samizdat about resistance. Articles and studies. 1) Kalligram, Bratislava, 528 pp. (in Slovak)
^Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, Burke's Peerage, London, 1973, pp. 269-270,302. ISBN0-220-66222-3
^Daniel Patrick Brown, The Camp Women: The Female Auxiliaries Who Assisted the SS in Running the Nazi Concentration Camp System,Schiffer Publishing, 2002, ISBN0-7643-1444-0
^Brown, Daniel Patrick (2002). The Camp Women: The Female Auxiliaries Who Assis tedthe SS in Running the Nazi Concentration Camp System. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN0-7643-1444-0.
^Von Seemen, Gerhard (1976). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 : die Ritterkreuzträger sämtlicher Wehrmachtteile, Brillanten-, Schwerter- und Eichenlaubträger in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung : Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren Angaben [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 : The Knight's Cross Bearers of All the Armed Services, Diamonds, Swords and Oak Leaves Bearers in the Order of Presentation: Appendix with Further Information and Presentation Requirements] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Verlag. ISBN978-3-7909-0051-4.
^Meyer, Walther-Peer, ed. (1996). Dienstaltersliste der Schutzstaffel der NSDAP (SS) [Seniority List of Schutzstaffel of the NSDAP (SS)] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN978-3-7648-2487-7.
^Williams, Max (2018). SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard, Vol. 3, p. 185.
^Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN3-931533-45-X.
^Ernst Klee: The Cultural Encyclopaedia on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 2007, ISBN978-3-10-039326-5, p. 550.
^Panzer Legions: A Guide to the German Army Tank Divisions of WWII and Their CommandersISBN978-0-8117-3353-3 pp. 61–62
^Thomas, Franz; Wegmann, Günter (1998). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil III: Infanterie Band 4: C–Dow [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part III: Infantry Volume 4: C–Dow] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN978-3-7648-2534-8.
^Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2021). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies. 3. Fonthill Media. ISBN978-1-78155-826-3.
^Stockert, Peter (1996). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. ISBN978-3-9802222-7-3.
^Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN978-3-931533-45-8.
^Rathkolb, Oliver (2002). Revisiting the National Socialist Legacy: Coming to Terms With Forced Labor, Expropriation, Compensation, and Restitution. United States: Transaction Publishers. p. 480. ISBN978-0-7658-0596-6.
^Schaerlaeckens, Leander (26 February 2010). "Chasing Gaetjens". ESPNsoccernet. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Hearman, Vanessa (15 August 2018). Unmarked Graves: Death and Survival in the Anti-Communist Violence in East Java, Indonesia. NUS Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-981-4722-94-0.
^"阿部定がいた元遊郭取り壊しへ 「大正楼」倒壊の危険性高く". Tamba Newspaper (in Japanese). 26 February 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2023. 昭和46年（1971）に失踪し、消息不明となった。 [She disappeared in 1971, and hasn't been heard from since]
^Siukonen, Markku (2001). Urheilukunniamme puolustajat. Suomen olympiaedustajat 1906–2000. Suuri olympiateos (in Finnish). Vol. 12. Jyväskylä: Graface. p. 129. ISBN978-951-98673-1-1.
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^Avon, Dominique; Khatchadourian, Anaïs-Trissa; Todd, Jane Marie (2012). Hezbollah: A History of the "Party of God". Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-07031-8.
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