Loreclezole

Loreclezole
Clinical data
ATC code	none;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-[(Z)-2-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole;
CAS Number	117857-45-1 ;
PubChem CID	3034012;
IUPHAR/BPS	5466;
ChemSpider	2298566 ;
UNII	6DJ32STZ5W;
KEGG	D04780 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6048252 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C10H6Cl3N3
Molar mass	274.53 g·mol−1
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H6Cl3N3/c11-7-1-2-8(9(12)3-7)10(13)4-16-6-14-5-15-16/h1-6H/b10-4- ; Key:XGLHZTBDUXXHOM-WMZJFQQLSA-N ;
	(verify)

Loreclezole is a sedative and an anticonvulsant which acts as a GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator.^[1] The binding site of loreclezole has been shown experimentally to be shared by valerenic acid, an extract of the root of the valerian plant.^[2] Structurally, loreclezole is a triazole derivative. In animal seizure models, loreclezole is protective against pentylenetetrazol seizures but is less active in the maximal electroshock test.^[3] In addition, at low, nontoxic doses, the drug has anti-absence activity in a genetic model of generalized absence epilepsy. Consequently, loreclezole has a profile of activity similar to that of benzodiazepines. A potential benzodiazepine-like interaction with GABA receptors is suggested by the observation that the anticonvulsant effects of loreclezole can be reversed by benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists. The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil, however, fails to alter the anticonvulsant activity of loreclezole, indicating that loreclezole is not a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. Using native rat and cloned human GABA-A receptors, loreclezole strongly potentiated GABA-activated chloride current. However, the activity of the drug did not require the presence of the γ-subunit and was not blocked by flumazenil, confirming that loreclezole does not interact with the benzodiazepine recognition site.

References

^ Wingrove PB, Wafford KA, Bain C, Whiting PJ (May 1994). "The modulatory action of loreclezole at the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor is determined by a single amino acid in the beta 2 and beta 3 subunit". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (10): 4569–73. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.4569W. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.10.4569. PMC 43827. PMID 8183949.
^ Khom S, Baburin I, Timin E, Hohaus A, Trauner G, Kopp B, Hering S (July 2007). "Valerenic acid potentiates and inhibits GABA(A) receptors: molecular mechanism and subunit specificity". Neuropharmacology. 53 (1): 178–87. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.04.018. PMID 17585957. S2CID 7613630.
^ Rogawski M (1996). "Epilepsy". In Pullan L, Patel J (eds.). Neurotherapeutics: Emerging Strategies. Humana Press. pp. 193–273.