Maithili Sharan Gupt

Maithili Sharan Gupt
Maithili Sharan Gupt
Born	3 August 1886; Chirgaon, North-Western Provinces, British India
Died	12 December 1964 (aged 78); India
Occupation	Poet, politician, dramatist, translator
Education	Macdonal High School Jhansi
Alma mater	Doctorate from Banaras Hindu University
Literary movement	Indian Nationalist Movement
Notable works	Bharat Bharti, Saket
Notable awards	Padma Bhushan (1954)
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha; (Nominated)
	In office; 3 April 1952 – 2 April 1964

Maithili Sharan Gupt^[1] (3 August 1886 – 12 December 1964^[2]) was one of the most important modern Hindi poets.^[3] He is considered one among the pioneers of Khari Boli (plain dialect) poetry and wrote in Khari Boli dialect,^[2] at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of Braj Bhasha dialect.^[4] He was a recipient of the third highest (then second highest) Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan.^[5] For his book Bharat-Bharati (1912),^[6] widely quoted during India's freedom struggle, he was given the title of Rashtra Kavi^[2] by Mahatma Gandhi.

Early life

He was born in Chirgaon, Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh^[2] in the Kankane clan of the Gahoi Baniya community in a family that was once a wealthy zamindar family, but the wealth was lost by the time he was born.^[7] His father was Seth Ramcharan Gupta^[2] and mother's name was Kashibai. Both his father and his brother Shearamsharan Gupta were prominent poets.^[2] He disliked school as a child, so his father arranged for his education at their home.^[2] As a child, Gupt studied Sanskrit, English and Bengali.^[2] Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi was his mentor. He married in 1895.^[8]

Literary works

Gupt entered the world of Hindi literature by writing poems in various magazines, including Saraswati. In 1909, his first major work, Rang mein Bhang was published by Indian Press. With Bharat Bharati, his nationalist poems became popular among Indians, who were struggling for independence. Most of his poems revolve around plots from Ramayana,^[2] Mahabharata, Buddhist stories and the lives of famous religious leaders. His famous work Saket revolves around Urmila, wife of Lakshmana, from Ramayana, while another of his works Yashodhara revolves around Yashodhara, the wife of Gautama Buddha.^{[citation needed]}

प्राण न पागल हो तुम यों, पृथ्वी पर वह प्रेम कहाँ..

मोहमयी छलना भर है, भटको न अहो अब और यहाँ..

ऊपर को निरखो अब तो बस मिलता है चिरमेल वहाँ..

Creative style

His works are based along patriotic themes,^[2] among others poets such as Ramdhari Singh Dinkar and Makhanlal Chaturvedi. His poetry is characterized by non-rhyming couplets in Khadi Boli. Although the couplet structure is non rhyming, the prominent use of alliterations lends a rhythmic backdrop due to the rhythmic alterations between vowels and consonants. He was a religious man, and this can be seen in his works.^[2]

Major works

Poetry:

Saket(1931)^[2]
Rang mein Bhang(1909)
Matrubhumi
Bharat-Bharati(1912)
Jayadrath Vadh(1910)^[2]
Vikat Bhat
Plassey ka Yuddha
Gurukul
Kisan
Panchavati(1925)
Nirjhar
Yashodhara(1932)^[2]
Manushyata
Kirano ka khel
Dvapar(1936)
Anagh(1928)

Political career

After India got independence in 1947, he was also made an honorary member of the Rajya Sabha, where he used poetry to put his opinions before the other members. He remained a member of the Rajya Sabha till his death in 1964. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1954.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Sharma, Rahul (3 September 2021). "राष्ट्रकवि मैथिलीशरण गुप्त की जीवनी Maithili Sharan Gupt Bio".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "मनुष्यता" (PDF). स्पर्श (भाग 2) (in Hindi). NCERT. p. 18. ISBN 81-7450-647-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
^ Sanjeev Chandan (4 August 2009) 'Anthropologists' work inspired by Premchand'. Times of India.
^ Rupert Snell; Ian Raeside (1998). Classics of Modern South Asian Literature. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 240–. ISBN 978-3-447-04058-7.
^ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^ राष्ट्रकवि व उनकी भारत भारती, जागरण, Oct 15, 2012
^ Shri hargovind, "Dadda Ki Chhaya Me", in Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Agravaal Vaasudevasharana, 1959, Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Committee Calcutta, p. 101.
^ Rishi jaimini Kaushik Barua, "Ikhattara Varshon ki Abhinandaniya Gatha", in Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Agravaal Vaasudevasharana, 1959, Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Committee Calcutta, p. 150.