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consider such biological essentialism obsolete, and generally discourage racial explanations for collective differentiation in both physical and behavioral...

Racialization or ethnicization is a sociological concept used to describe the intent and processes by which ethnic or racial identities are systematically...

theory Minority stress Nigger Racial bias in criminal news Racial bias on Wikipedia Racial fetishism Racial literacy Racialization Raciolinguistics Racist pre-Adamism...

empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Before the mid-20th century, scientific...

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the...

A racial hierarchy is a system of stratification that is based on the pseudoscientific belief that some racial groups are superior to other racial groups...

Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their race, ancestry, ethnic or national origin, and/or skin color and...

The term racial hygiene was used to describe an approach to eugenics in the early 20th century, which found its most extensive implementation in Nazi Germany...

A racial hoax occurs when a person (usually the purported victim) falsely claims that a crime was committed by a member of a specific race. the crime may...

insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnic, national, or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting...

Racial capitalism is a concept that explains how capital accumulation within capitalism in certain societies is achieved through the extraction of social...

Racial or ethnic misrepresentation occurs when someone deliberately misrepresents their racial or ethnic background. It may occur for a variety of reasons...

Racial polarization is the process whereby a population of individuals with different ancestry is divided into separate and distinct racial groups. In...

criminology, racial invariance refers to a hypothesis that the effects of structural disadvantage on rates of violent crime are the same for all racial groups...

propagated online after she allegedly called an eight-year-old black child a racial slur at a public playground in Rochester, Minnesota after the child allegedly...

Racial profiling or ethnic profiling is the offender profiling, selective enforcement or selective prosecution based on race or ethnicity, rather than...

Post-racial United States is a theoretical environment in which the United States is free from racial preference, discrimination, and prejudice. One of...

Racial nationalism is an ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity. Racial nationalism seeks to preserve "racial purity" of a nation...

for Racial Equality (CRE) was a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom which aimed to address racial discrimination and promote racial equality...

Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation), leveling barriers to association...

The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of orders and laws implemented in Nazi Germany under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, based on pseudoscientific...

Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner. Racial equality occurs when institutions give individuals...

Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed...

Racial literacy is a concept developed by sociologist France Winddance Twine. She describes it as "a form of racial socialization and antiracist training...

The German Nazi Party adopted and developed several racial hierarchical categorizations as an important part of its racist ideology (Nazism) in order to...

Racial segregation in the United States was the legally and/or socially enforced separation of black people from white people, as well as the de facto...

The Racial Contract is a book by the Jamaican philosopher Charles W. Mills in which he argues that, although it is conventional to represent the social...

Racial antisemitism is prejudice against Jews based on a belief or assertion that Jews constitute a distinct race that has inherent traits or characteristics...

Racial stacking (also known as positional segregation, positional stacking, or simply stacking) is a sociological term and sports concept regarding how...

States from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century that enforced racial segregation. The origin of the term Jim Crow is obscure, but probably refers...

Racial fluidity is the idea that race is not permanent and fixed, but rather imprecise and variable. The interpretation of someone's race, including their...

Racial uplift is an ideology within the African-American community that describes a response of activists, leaders, and spokespersons to the racism found...

Racial century is a term that has been used by historians to refer to the century between 1850 and 1950, especially in the context of postcolonial studies...

Racial whitening, or branqueamento, is an ideology that was widely accepted in Brazil between 1889 and 1914, as the solution to the "Negro problem". Whitening...

in the context of race, occurs when one conceals their socially applied racial identity or ethnicity in order to be perceived as another race for acceptance...

to controversy or legal prohibition, typically in societies with strict racial/ethnic separation, systems of caste, or cultures of social conservatism...

the term racial threat refers to how people react to those of a different race. More specifically, the racial threat hypothesis or racial threat theory...

intimate relationships reveal racial distinctiveness. A racialized society is a society that has undergone strong racialization, where perceived race matters...

as "disbeliever" or "non-believer". The word was primarily used without racial connotation, although in some contexts it was particularly used for the...

it included groups that carried out acts of racial terror aimed at resisting desegregation and racial equality. Despite differences in size and structure...

Racial democracy (Portuguese: democracia racial) is a concept that denies the existence of racism in Brazil. Some scholars of race relations in Brazil...

political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured...

discriminatory laws, practices, and actions (including violence) against racial or ethnic groups throughout the history of the United States. Since the...

historically as a product of the early racial concepts of the 18th and 19th centuries, and was linked to models of racial hierarchy primarily based on craniometry...

The English Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage. This bias partially stems from an under-representation of...

graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation...

River colonies, becoming a republic after the 1961 referendum. The multi-racial Cape Qualified Franchise in the Cape was gradually eroded, and the vast...

Racial isolates in the United States, also variously known as tri-racial isolates, biracial isolates, or American isolates, is a term used by anthropologists...

The Racial Equality Proposal (Japanese: 人種的差別撤廃提案; lit. "Proposal to abolish racial discrimination") was an amendment to the Treaty of Versailles that...

The Italian racial laws, otherwise referred to as the Racial Laws (Italian: Leggi Razziali), were a series of laws promulgated by the government of Benito...

Racial liberalism is an era in American history during the 1940s that is considered by many historians as the precursor to the civil rights movement of...

Brown is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a light to moderate brown...

intelligence—specifically regarding claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines—have appeared in both popular science and academic research since...

refers to the types of plastic surgery performed frequently due to certain racial or ethnic traits, or with the intention of making one's appearance more...

Racial color blindness refers to the belief that a person's race or ethnicity should not influence their legal or social treatment in society. The American...

of one racial group are legal in the United States and other countries. While the racial composition of juries is not dictated by law, racial discrimination...

and by others because they harbor similar racial beliefs. Several studies and surveys have shown that racial resentment has contributed to Trump's political...

alliance with Germany, Mussolini promulgated a series of decrees known as the Racial Laws, which introduced segregationist measures against Italian Jews and...

RaHoWa (also Rahowa or RAHOWA), short for Racial Holy War, is a white supremacist slogan and concept, coined by the American politician and writer Ben...

American racial and ethnic group. As defined by the United States census, they are Americans who have ancestry from "any of the Black racial groups of...

categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White Americans, Black Americans, Native American/Alaska Native...

Racial transformation is the process by which a demographic region (e.g., a country, neighborhood, or a school) changes in racial composition. One example...

Racial Harmony Day is a day in Singapore to promote racial and ethnic harmony within the nation. It is observed on 21 July every year, with most activities...

Apologizes for Racial Rant". The Washington Post. November 21, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2010. "Richards 'deeply, deeply sorry' for racial slurs". CBC...

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically...

racism, they can develop racial trauma. Racial trauma can be caused by racial discrimination and/or racial harassment. Racial discrimination is a term...

women were considered more attractive than other groups of women. Gendered racial stereotypes exist within the LGBT community, which have been described as...

acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify...

Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement, and a level of intertribal...

Terminology". The Testing Grounds of Modern Empire: The Making of Colonial Racial Order in the American Ohio Country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s...

Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARP) are anti-racist skinheads who oppose white power skinheads, neo-fascists and racism within the skinhead community...

Interracial adoption, placing a child of one racial group or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group Interracial personals, advertisements...

Nazism is a form of fascism that emphasizes pseudo-scientific theories of racial hierarchy which identify ethnic Germans and Nordic Aryans as a master race...

vice versa, tend to be thrown into the single category of "pardo". But racial boundaries in Brazil are related less to ancestry than to phenotype. A westernized...

marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different races or racialized ethnicities. In the past, such marriages were outlawed in certain U.S...

An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their...

Racial rhetorical criticism is an approach to rhetorical criticism that was named by Lisa A. Flores in 2016. Racial rhetorical criticism organizes textual...

Gobineau, a French racial theorist and aristocrat, blamed the fall of the ancien régime in France on racial degeneracy caused by racial intermixing, which...

The racial resentment scale is a measure of symbolic racism created by Donald Kinder and Lynn M. Sanders for the American National Election Studies in...

different racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Different outcomes in mental and physical health exist between all U.S. Census-recognized racial groups...

based on race. Racial gerrymandering effectively maximizes or minimizes the impact of racial minority votes in certain districts. Racial gerrymandering...

legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served...

Black is a racial classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion...

Racial politics or race politics is the use of race, as a human categorization or hierarchical identifier, in political discourse, campaigns, or within...

Cracker, sometimes cracka or white cracker, is a racial slur directed at white people, used especially with regard to poor rural whites in the Southern...

birth of modern 'scientific' racism. Whereas other contributors to early racial thought like Carolus Linnaeus and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach had offered...

continued dialogue between Milwaukee's citizens, the city is trying to reduce racial tensions and the rate of segregation. With demographic changes in the wake...

indicators of health in different racial and ethnic groups are well documented. Epidemiological data indicate that American racial groups are unequally affected...

Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights is a nonfiction book by Robin Bernstein. It was published in 2011 by NYU Press...

White Racial Identity Development is a field of research looking at how white identity can develop and affect a person throughout their life. Through the...

The Howard Beach racial attack was a racially-motivated attack on December 20, 1986, in which a 23-year-old black man, Michael Griffith, was killed in...

Sambo is a derogatory label for a person of Black-African descent in the Spanish language. Historically, it is a name in American English derived from...

Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide is a 2013 non-fiction book by Joe T. Darden and Richard Walter Thomas, published...

of India did away with racial classifications. Today, the national Census of independent India does not recognise any racial groups in India. Some scholars...

Racial battle fatigue is a term coined in 2003 to describe the psychosocial stress responses from being a racially oppressed group member in society and...

cultural and racial origins of the Anglo-Saxons. This myth originated in the 16th and 17th centuries as a non‑racial tradition, with some proto-racial elements...

in ethnic violence. For example, Varshney highlights that in the 1960s "racial violence in the USA was heavily concentrated in northern cities; southern...

The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid, Europid, or Europoid) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race...

Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred is a crime under the laws of several countries. In Australia, the Racial Hatred Act 1995 amends the Racial Discrimination...

supporting the interests of other racial groups, and neglecting the interests and welfare of their own racial group. Among racial minorities, the term "race...

The State Institute for Racial Biology (SIRB, Swedish: Statens institut för rasbiologi, SIFR) was a Swedish governmental research institute founded in...

towards Jews with regard to Judaism. In the former case, usually known as racial antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by the belief that Jews constitute...

Until 1965, racial segregation in schools, stores and most aspects of public life existed legally in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia, and informally in...

included in any racial category but have been designated as "Asian" as of 2024. It is also explicitly stated on the Census that racial categories reflect...

greatly popularized the struggle against racial science and attacked the Nazis' abuse of science to promote their racial theories. Although they argued that...

residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups, as well as theories that encompass these social processes...

vary significantly between racial groups; however, academic research indicates that the over-representation of some racial minorities in the criminal...

Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality (Portuguese: Secretaria Nacional de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, SEPPIR) is a government agency...

Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis is a non-fiction book by American historian Robert N. Proctor, published in 1988 by Harvard University Press....

oppressed and opposition leaders were imprisoned. Education focused on racial biology, population policy and fitness for military service. Career and...

Racial stereotyping in advertising refers to using assumptions about people based on characteristics thought to be typical of their identifying racial...

discrimination based on ethnic characteristics or national origin. In turn, racial discrimination tends to be closely related to discriminatory behavior for...

transl. "separateness", lit. 'aparthood') was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia)...

of one racial or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group Transracial (identity), having a racial identity or racial expression...

Lobo (fem. Loba) (Spanish for "wolf") is a racial category for a mixed-race person used in Mexican paintings illustrating the caste (casta) system in 17th-...

Racial discrimination in Laos, as well as other human rights violations towards minorities exists, according to international reports, despite Laos being...

In 1924, the Virginia General Assembly enacted the Racial Integrity Act, which reinforced racial segregation by prohibiting interracial marriage and classifying...

Racial steering refers to the practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their...

The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans...

notion of racial homogeneity and racial supremacy, as well as an overall complex of social hierarchy, with the Yamato race at the top of the racial hierarchy...

definition of "White" varies depending on context and points of view. Beyond racialization, the word simply denotes any person with light skin, typically carnation...

Racial-ethnic socialization (RES or R/E) describes the developmental processes by which children acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values, and attitudes...

The Racial and Religious Harmony Circles (Harmony Circle), formerly known as Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles (IRCCs), are local-level inter-faith...

ideology, in which the putative Aryan race is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy. Members were referred to as master humans (Herrenmenschen [ˈhɛʁənˌmɛnʃn̩])...

prosecuting of various races. There have been different outcomes for different racial groups in convicting and sentencing offenders in the United States criminal...

one-party state, governed by himself, that would enact laws to ensure black racial purity. Although he never visited the continent, he was committed to the...

Public Radio characterized the events as cultural reckoning on topics of racial injustice. Many specific protests over Floyd's murder were described as...

groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. These programs tend to focus on access to education...

Showing Up for Racial Justice (SURJ) is a network organizing white people for racial and economic justice. SURJ was founded in 2009 after election of...

Ministry of Racial Equality (Portuguese: Ministério da Igualdade Racial) of Brazil is a department of the direct public administration of the Federal...

century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a racial grouping. The terminology derives from the historical usage of Aryan, used...

The North Carolina Racial Justice Act of 2009 prohibited seeking or imposing the death penalty on the basis of race. It passed both the North Carolina...

Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice is a 2006 non-fiction book by Raymond Arsenault, published by Oxford University Press. The scope...

Baseball player in 1947. This was the beginning of the end of some 60 years of racial segregation, during which African American players were confined to the...

Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark U.S. federal statute that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B....

be particularly popular among European racial supremacists and ultimately laid the foundation for Nazi racial theories, which also co-opted the concept...

characteristics or practices, such as: ethnicity (ethnic minority), race (racial minority), religion (religious minority), sexual orientation (sexual minority)...

sitting courtside during home games. In late April 2014, following news of racial remarks, Sporting News described Sterling as "one of the worst owners in...

correlated with racial prejudice. Essentialist views about race have also been shown to diminish empathy when dealing with members of another racial group. In...

Forms of Racial Discrimination, which prohibits racial segregation and apartheid. The opinion did not specify whether it was referring to racial segregation...

that genetics does not explain differences in IQ test performance between racial groups. Pseudoscientific claims of inherent differences in intelligence...

used interchangeably with race, although not all ethnicities identify as racial groups. By way of assimilation, acculturation, amalgamation, language shift...

Germany Nazi eugenics Nazi racial theories Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany Racial hygiene § Nazi Germany Racial policy of Nazi Germany Racism...

The racial classification of Indian Americans has varied over the years and across institutions. Originally, neither the courts nor the United States Census...

Max Nordau) sought to reformulate conceptions of Jewishness in terms of racial identity and the "race science" of the time. They believed that this concept...

fictional image of racial heroism." As a Southern Gothic novel and Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and...

multiracial families which differ in skin color and other traits considered to be racial features. From a biological point of view, the differences in these fraternal...

The National Office Against Racial Discrimination (Italian: Ufficio Nazionale Antidiscriminazioni Razziali), also known by the acronym UNAR, is an Italian...

referred to as the model minority myth because it is understood as a racialized social construct that frames certain minority groups as comparatively...

The one-drop rule was a legal principle of racial classification that was prominent in the 20th-century United States. It asserted that any person with...

Racial bias in criminal news occurs when a journalist's racial biases affect their reporting. Racial biases are a form of implicit bias, which refers to...

Nordicism is a racialist ideology which views the "Nordic race" as a superior racial group. Some notable and influential Nordicist works include Madison Grant's...

inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. In a given society, those who share racial characteristics socially perceived as undesirable are typically under-represented...

about the culture of people with partial or total ancestry from any black racial groups of Africa whose ancestors resided in the United States since before...

against the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as an Asian racial threat to white Western Europe, and also exposes China and Japan as an alliance...

The Office of Racial Policy was a department of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was founded for "unifying and supervising all indoctrination and propaganda...

An ethnic joke is a remark aiming at humor relating to an ethnic, racial or cultural group, often referring to an ethnic stereotype of the group in question...

abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition...

that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity. A 1997 review article on xenophobia holds that it is "an element...

1964 race riots in Singapore were a series of communal disturbances and racial conflicts between the Malay and Chinese communities in Singapore. They occurred...

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) from 1968 until his death. One of his sons, Niger Roy Innis, serves as National Spokesman of the Congress of Racial Equality...

Colorblind: The Rise of Post-Racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equity is a non-fiction book by the anti-racist writer and educator Tim Wise...

Racial separatism is the desire of a group of people to be independent from other groups. Racial separatism may refer to: Racial segregation, separation...

termed "folkish" within the community—by viewing Heathenry as an ethnic or racial religion with inherent links to a Germanic race. They believe it should...

1950 to 1954. He repudiated racial segregation, at a time of intense racial strife in the United States, insisting on racial integration for all of his...

Race Forward is a nonprofit racial justice organization with offices in Oakland, California, and New York City. It defines its mission as "[helping] people...

Racial Justice Sunday is observed by British Christian churches on the second Sunday of February. It began in 1995. On 11 September 2005, special celebrations...

physical anthropology began in the 17th to 18th centuries with the study of racial classification (Georgius Hornius, François Bernier, Carl Linnaeus, Johann...

In the United Kingdom, racial segregation occurred in pubs, workplaces, shops and other commercial premises, which operated a colour bar where non-white...

make him commit suicide. King won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In his final years, he expanded...

social scientists reject attributing racial discrimination to the caste system and attributed such events to intra-racial ethno-cultural conflicts. There have...

Negroid (less commonly called Congoid) is an obsolete racial grouping of various people indigenous to Africa south of the area which stretched from the...

imperial campaigns in India, Sudan, and South Africa and shaped by the racial hierarchies that underpinned late Victorian imperial thought, Churchill...

labour in the Reich. These concepts were an important part of the Nazi racial policy. The term "under man" was introduced by the American author and Ku...

The Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 (c. 1) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which creates an offence in England and Wales of inciting...

Racial and ethnic misclassification in the United States is the inaccurate perception of another individual's racial or ethnic background in the context...

with Thomas Jefferson on the topics of slavery and racial equality. Abolitionists and advocates of racial equality promoted and praised Banneker's works....

has developed in circumstances that have broadly sought to protect white racial privileges, various national citizenships, and other rights or special benefits...

The Racial Adjustment Action Society (or Raas, which in Jamaican connotes buttocks or arse) was a Black Power movement formed in 1965, following visits...

Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, deals with offensive behaviour "because of race, colour or national or ethnic origin" in Australia....

dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s visibly deepened existing racial tensions in much of the Southern United States, Republican politicians such...

"safeguarding the racial purity of the SS" within Nazi Germany. One of its duties was to oversee the marriages of SS personnel in accordance with the racial policy...

Black horror (also known as racial horror and horror noir) is a horror subgenre that focuses on African-American characters and narratives. It often involves...

The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is a human rights proclamation issued by the United Nations General Assembly,...

based on religious principles. Many Southern evangelical Christians saw racial segregation, including in marriage, as something divinely instituted from...

From 1850 through 1920, the Census Bureau expanded its racial categories to include multi-racial persons, under Mestizos, Mulattos, as well as new categories...

reflection of a growing racial divide between indigenous peoples and British colonists. The British government sought to prevent further racial violence by issuing...

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human...

differ from what Pierce referred to as "macroaggressions" in the context of racial discrimination: these are more extreme forms of racism (such as lynchings...

political philosophy, the book argues for racial integration as a moral and democratic necessity to address systemic racial inequality in the United States. Anderson...

aboard a living spacecraft named Moya of the Leviathan race. The physical, racial and species-specific cultural characteristics, as well as underlying...

Ethnic and Racial Studies is a peer-reviewed social science academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews on anthropology, cultural...

Racial separate schools in Canada existed in some Canadian provinces from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. They were established by statute...

important in areas with increased diversity across social, ethnic, and racial groups, as underrepresentation in healthcare systems is a global issue....

the north of South Central LA, was disproportionately damaged because of racial tensions between the Black and Korean communities. Much of the blame for...

Racial Discrimination Act may refer to: Racial Discrimination Act 1975 – an act passed by the Australian Parliament making racial discrimination unlawful...

it does define "racial discrimination": According to the 1965 UN International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, "...

1967 to 1973, an extended period of racial unrest occurred in the town of Cairo, Illinois. The city had long had racial tensions which boiled over after...

The racial and ethnic history of New York City has varied widely, from its sale to the Dutch by Native American residents, to the modern multi-cultural...

of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that white people are a race and seeks to develop and maintain a white racial and...

executive director of the United Church of Christ (UCC) Commission for Racial Justice. In a speech opposing the placement of hazardous polychlorinated...

national anthem at the start of NFL games in protest of police brutality and racial inequality in the United States. Kaepernick played college football for...

organizations employ their ideology to promote what they perceive as the racial or ethnic supremacy (often White supremacy) of their own group; to incite...

CRT framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States...

18C of the Commonwealth Racial Discrimination Act 1975 makes racial vilification a civil offence, although attempts to make racial vilification a criminal...

Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Patrick Phillips investigating the 1912 racial conflict in Forsyth...

adopt a child of a different race. The use of the term to describe changing racial identity has been criticized by members of the transracial adoption community...

in the Chicago metropolitan area, home to approximately 9.6 million. The racial makeup of the city in 2020 was 35.9% White, 29.2% Black, 7.0% Asian, 0.1%...

Aryanism is an ideology of racial supremacy which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group which is entitled to rule the rest...

in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country, which...

author of Racial Castration (2001), The Feeling of Kinship (2010), and Reparations and the Human (2025), co-author of Racial Melancholia, Racial Dissociation...

of other groups. The practice of institutional racism is manifested as racial discrimination in criminal justice, employment, housing, healthcare, education...

Minority rights are the normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or gender and sexual minorities, and...

racism deals with the subjugation of one group by another or the belief in racial supremacy, colorism deals with in-group discrimination in addition to between-group...

neighborhoods in the United States and Canada that practiced a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory...

critical race theory, the black–white binary is a paradigm through which racial history is presented as a linear story between White and Black Americans...

prominence in the 1970s. The goal of desegregation busing was to diversify the racial make-up of public schools by transporting students to more distant areas...

language, various ethnic groups may speak other languages as well. The racial and ethnic history of Kerala is highly controversial and disputed among...

Black diamond is a term used pejoratively to refer to a member of the black middle class in contemporary South Africa. The term was not originally derogatory...

is an authority on race and crime with expertise on police practices and racial profiling. He has trained thousands of police officers and police chiefs...

effectively respond to racialized conditions, and race-conscious government policies are needed to effectuate or encourage racial integration. Brooks later...

The dhoti is an ankle-length breechcloth, wrapped around the waist and the legs, in resemblance to the shape of trousers. The dhoti is a garment of ethnic...

The racial and ethnic demographics of the United States have changed dramatically throughout its history. During the American colonial period, British...

arose during the 1960s, amid growing national awareness of civil rights and racial inequality. The National Academy of Public Administration defines social...

In the United States, racial inequality refers to the social inequality and advantages and disparities that affect different races. These can also be seen...

bias. Concerns have also been raised about systemic bias along gender, racial, political, corporate, institutional, and national lines. Conflicts of interest...

death, and the gospel narratives are generally indifferent to people's racial appearance or features. The synoptic gospels include the account of the...

regarded as offensive. In the 21st century, coolie is generally considered a racial slur for Asians in Oceania, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas (particularly...

to remain the largest racial category in Illinois. Under this methodology, Hispanics are allocated amongst the various racial groups and primarily identify...

According to the National Science Foundation (NSF), women and racial minorities are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics...

Coyota) (from the Nahuatl word coyotl, coyote) is a colonial Spanish American racial term for a mixed-race person casta that usually refers to a person born...

York University Press under the full title Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia. In Fearing the Black Body, Strings, associate professor...

particularly in the United States, exclusionary covenants were used to exclude racial minorities. Some covenants exist for safety purposes, such as a covenant...

research on implicit racial stereotyping and color-blind racism. For example, he published multiple studies on the effects of increased racial diversity in mock...

arisen in criminal justice, healthcare, and hiring, compounding existing racial, socioeconomic, and gender biases. The relative inability of facial recognition...

research has expanded the definition of the glass cliff phenomenon to include racial and ethnic minority groups. The term was coined in 2005 by British professors...

people as well as a general group identity issue, as "racial identity politics utilizes racial consciousness or the group's collective memory and experiences...

A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century (occasionally Social Problems for the Twentieth Century or A Radical Program for the Twentieth Century) was...

The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History is a 1916 racist and pseudoscientific book by American lawyer, anthropologist,...

The Racial Preservation Society was a far-right pressure group opposed to immigration and in favour of white nationalism, national preservation and protection...

The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government...

In Nazi ideology, the race-soul, race soul or racial soul (German: Rassenseele) is a mystical racial psyche greater than any individual member of the German...

United States, economic competition and racial prejudice have both contributed to long-lasting tensions between racial and ethnic minorities. Current US policy...

The Marley hypothesis is a psychological theory on how racial groups may have different perceptions of the current racism in society due to a difference...

book continued due to both its perceived use of racial stereotypes and its frequent use of the racial slur "nigger". In 1840s St. Petersburg, Missouri...

breakaway faction. They wished to protect the ability of states to decide on racial segregation. Its members were referred to as "Dixiecrats", a portmanteau...

anyone who is culturally Hispanic, regardless of racial admixture. The term was used as an ethno-racial exonym for mixed-race castas that evolved during...

described as exhibiting discomfort or resistance when questioned about racial dynamics or potential instances of racism. These reactions are interpreted...

Skin colour classifications of human groups have been used in historical racial classifications. The number of categories was long recognized as subjective...

movement behind. Race or racial oppression is defined as "burdening a specific race with unjust or cruel restraints or impositions. Racial oppression may be...

would prevent the growth of any explicitly political movement to spread racial consciousness among those she deemed to be Aryan. Instead, she believed...

accompanied assaults or physical intimidation of East Asians, as have other racial slurs or imitation of Chinese. While usually intended for ethnic Chinese...

This includes the enslavement of African-Americans, racial lynchings, segregation, and racial bias. The museum, which opened on April 26, 2018, is founded...

historian and anti-communist George Watson, who translated of Völkerabfälle to racial trash, and concluded that Hitler was a Marxist. Some such as political scientist...

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed annually on 21 March since declared by the United Nations in 1966. In South...

and businesswoman of Black Nova Scotian descent. In 1946, she challenged racial segregation at a cinema in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, by refusing to leave...

The Racial Volunteer Force (RVF) is a violent neo-Nazi splinter group of the British neo-Nazi group Combat 18 (C18) with close ties to the far right paramilitary...

services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities. Redlining has mostly been directed against African...

achievement, his time in office was one of unprecedented regression in racial equality, with his presidency serving as the lowest point of the nadir of...

political and social movement that aims to highlight racism, discrimination and racial inequality experienced by Black people in the United States, and to promote...

məˈ-/ mew-LAT-oh, mə-, US: /məˈlɑːtoʊ, mjuːˈ-/ mə-LAH-toh, mew-) is a racial classification that refers to people of mixed African and European ancestry...

live in affluent non-racial enclaves such as Point Grey. Research found South Asian groups are the second most segregated racial groups in Canada. Many...

ethnic and/or racial epithet directed towards the Māori people. The word Hori, when employed to refer to individuals of the Māori racial-ethnic identity...

marketplace discrimination that is also called "consumer racial profiling", "consumer racism" or "racial profiling in a retail setting", as it applies to black...

identify as White either alone or in combination with one or more other racial groups. European Americans are by far the largest panethnic group of White...

specifically, the research delves into the potential cause and effects of racial disparities in crime. This includes but is not limited to, disadvantages...

action (including violence) at various times in the history of Japan against racial or ethnic groups. According to official statistics from the Immigration...

because of complaints of racial profiling. The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Arpaio oversaw the worst pattern of racial profiling in US history...

An extensive system of racial profiling is used in or by Israel, primarily by Israeli security forces. Racial profiling is the act of suspecting or targeting...

racism at the EU level. At the occasion of the 20-year anniversary of EU's Racial Equality Directive, Equinox criticized the legislation for being insufficient...

The German Society for Racial Hygiene (German: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rassenhygiene) was a German eugenic organization founded on 22 June 1905 by the...

Embedded Racism: Japan's Visible Minorities and Racial Discrimination is a 2015 non-fiction book by Debito Arudou, published by Lexington Books. The book...

fitness, nationality, geographic location, cultural differences, ethnic or racial category, gender, gender identity, neurodiversity, physical disability,...

The Nordic race is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. It was once considered a race or one...

Racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska occurred mostly because of the city's volatile mixture of high numbers of new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe...

the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The 1998 Report of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination found that the Convention...

instances of racism and more so police brutality commencing a wide movement of racial unrest and the George Floyd protests. The year has been characterized by...

Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Europe that laid the groundwork for racial antisemitism Racial antisemitism that arose in the 19th century and culminated in...

England, 1826–1836 (1988) Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality (1998) Brody, David (April 1996). "In Memoriam, April 1996". Perspectives...

Racial profiling by law enforcement at the local, state, and federal levels, leads to discrimination against people in the African American, Native American...

K-word may refer to: Kaffir (racial term), a racial slur used in South Africa Kike, an antisemitic ethnic slur Keling, a racial slur to denote a person originating...

encompassing several meanings)." Rankine additionally founded and curates the Racial Imaginary Institute, which she called "a moving collaboration with other...

The Mediterranean race (also Mediterranid race) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on the now-disproven theory of biological race. According...

United States Supreme Court that ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools violate the Equal Protection Clause of the...

expectations for racial comfort while at the same time lowering our stamina for enduring racial stress. I term this lack of racial stamina White Fragility...

on race and racial prejudice (Paris, September 1967) Other statements include the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination...

adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 aims to combat discrimination and racial segregation in education. As of December 2020, 106 states were members of...

During that time the LDS Church also opposed interracial marriage, supported racial segregation in its communities and church schools, and taught that righteous...

Racial diversity in United States schools is the representation of different racial or ethnic groups in American schools. The institutional practice of...

have a history of describing Black quarterbacks in ways that perpetuate racial stereotypes and hurt those prospects' chances of making it to the NFL as...

Castro on March 23, 1959, that outlined the need for a "battle against racial discrimination" in Cuban society. The following campaign resulted in a series...

The racial achievement gap in the United States are disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. It manifests itself...

shooting bias, also known as "shooter bias", is a proposed form of implicit racial bias which refers to the apparent tendency among the police to shoot black...

Zambo (Spanish: [ˈθambo] or [ˈsambo]) or Sambu is a racial term to refer to people of mixed Amerindian and sub-Saharan African ancestry. The equivalent...

Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with...

from her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in defiance of Jim Crow racial segregation laws, which sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. She is sometimes...

South African Students (NUSAS). Strongly opposed to the apartheid system of racial segregation and white-minority rule in South Africa, Biko was frustrated...

played by one racial group can unintentionally perpetuate racial stereotypes and limit players' choices to preconceived notions of racial bias, and issues...

institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining...

He was an early advocate for racial justice within evangelicalism and a critical voice in challenging the movement's racial dynamics. Pannell authored several...

[ˈʁasn̩ˌʃandə], lit. "racial shame") or Blutschande (German: [ˈbluːtˌʃandə] "blood disgrace") was an anti-miscegenation concept in Nazi German racial policy, pertaining...

Mongoloid (/ˈmɒŋɡəˌlɔɪd/) is an obsolete racial grouping of various peoples indigenous to large parts of Asia, the Americas, and some regions in Europe...

scientific polygenism, attempting to find a taxonomic basis for ideas of racial science. Many oral traditions feature polygenesis in their creation stories...

country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms. 1824: Providence...

from the racial categories, assigning them to their own category. The table also excludes all mixed raced/multiracial persons from the racial categories...

international conflicts. Studies indicate disparities in reporting on different racial groups and gender representation in the media. U.S. coverage of foreign...

extent of racial bias in the police use of deadly force, with some studies finding no racial bias, while other studies conclude there is racial bias in...

30/2003) was a case decided by the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in 2005. The case involved an antisemitic speech given during...

hatred, and discrimination or extreme aversion towards people who are racialized as Black (especially those from sub-Saharan Africa and its diasporas)...

motivated by racial, national, or religious hatred (Criminal Code Article 61). Murder and infliction of serious bodily injury motivated by racial, religious...

white by the U.S. census. In 1930, "Mexican" was officially added as a racial category on the United States census but was soon after removed due to political...

exploring the liability of Internet forum operators for racial vilification under the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. The applicant, Dr. Ron Silberberg...

avoid the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design; eliminate racial, religious and class segregation; and reduce leapfrog and spot zoning development...

Kingdom. As a sociological field, race relations attempts to explain how racial groups relate to each other. These relations vary depending on historical...

contrasted with concepts of race and ethnicity in the United States. The ethno-racial composition of modern-day Latin American nations combines diverse Indigenous...

American sociologist who studied demography and mortality. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups, edited with Frank D. Bean (1978) Sustenance Organization...

in both countries revised the text and the rhyme to remove the original racial language, and the novel is now published in English only as And Then There...

before and after the Civil War. Thanks to the civil rights movement, formal racial discrimination was gradually outlawed by the federal government and came...

Semitic people or Semites is an obsolete term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group formerly used in connection with ancient and modern peoples of the...

Civic Center in San Rafael, California, United States, tied to escalating racial tensions in the state's criminal justice system. On August 7, 17-year-old...

Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment Is Killing America's Heartland is a 2019 non-fiction book written by Jonathan M. Metzl, a professor...

her parents. The controversy became national news and fueled debate about racial identity. Dolezal stepped down from her NAACP position, was removed from...

prosecutor at a 2014 court hearing. He was arrested in June 2015 for inciting racial hatred against Jews, for which he was found guilty in December, receiving...

The Chicago race riot of 1919 was a violent racial conflict between white Americans and black Americans that began on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois...

life to combating racial injustice and educating young people. Denny was a founding member of the Denver chapter of Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and...

predominantly white neighborhoods. This change in the racial demographics of urban areas increased racial tension that occasionally boiled over into civil...

Racial Justice in the Age of Obama is a 2009 book by American legal scholar Roy L. Brooks. The work analyzes civil rights theory in the United States during...

oppression, defined by sociologist Karen D. Pyke as the "internalization of racial oppression by the racially subordinated." In her study The Psychology of...

several minor uninhabited island possessions. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and...

(according to some sources), White Latin Americans constitute the second largest racial-ethnic group in the region after mestizos (mixed Amerindian and European...

the story as "the removal of all racial codes from a narrative about two characters of different races for whom racial identity is crucial". Récitatif...

prices. This was achieved by fearmongering the homeowners, telling them that racial minorities would soon be moving into their neighborhoods. The blockbusters...

implemented strict racial segregation between whites and blacks in Ethiopia. In 1938 Fascist Italy enacted a set of comphrensive racial laws, that endorsed...

exploration of race was informed by her own mixed racial heritage and the increasingly common practice of racial passing in the 1920s. Praised upon publication...

he was appointed to a new chair of racial theory at Jena. He joined the Nazi Party in 1932 as the only leading racial theorist to join the party before...

racial profiling of African-American motor vehicle drivers. It implies that a motorist may be stopped by a police officer largely because of racial bias...

had their own chiefs. As a white supremacist, Bull Connor enforced legal racial segregation and denied civil rights to Black citizens, especially during...

Americans, as the largest racial group in the United States, have historically had better health outcomes than oppressed racial groups in the United States...

referred to this group as the talented tenth, a concept under the umbrella of racial uplift, and believed that African Americans needed the chance for advanced...

The Delmar Divide refers to Delmar Boulevard as a socioeconomic and racial dividing line in St. Louis, Missouri. The term was popularized outside Greater...

missing for four days from her home in Wappingers Falls, New York. She had racial slurs written on her body and was covered in feces. The feces came from...

The Alpine race is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. It was defined by some late 19th-century...

foreheads are more intelligent. The term is deeply connected to hierarchical racial theories from the 19th century. The German physician, physiologist, and...

colonization, the Dominican Republic has negotiated the construction of racial hierarchies. The nation's historically fraught relationship with Haiti informed...

divide – Theoretical foundation of anthropology One-drop rule – Historical racial classification rule Social determinism – Theory of human behavior de Melo-Martín...

1.5 million Italians, and 700,000 Spaniards). Brazil has seen greater racial equality over time. According to a recent review study, "There has been...

Judges". New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2016. Schanzenbach, Max (2005). "Racial and Sex Disparities in Prison Sentences: The Effect of District-Level Judicial...

(someone whose racial origin is three-quarters white and one-quarter Black) and Cuarterón de Mestizo or Castizo (someone whose racial origin is three-quarters...

The Campaign Against Racial Discrimination (CARD) was a British organization, founded in 1964 and which lasted until 1967, that lobbied for race relations...

Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920). He advocated a racial hierarchy which he believed needed to be preserved through anti-miscegenation...

"Asiatic people") is an umbrella term for people who belong to any ethnic, racial, or national group with origins in Asia. It is most often used in contexts...

(Hebrew: כּוּשִׁי Hebrew pronunciation: [kuˈʃi] colloquial: [ˈkuʃi]) was racial terminology used in the Hebrew Bible to refer to a dark-skinned person of...

social-minority groups in order for the organization to give the public appearance of racial and gender equality, usually within a workplace, government, or a school...

Racial segregation in Atlanta has known many phases after the freeing of the slaves in 1865: a period of relative integration of businesses and residences;...

serving as minister of racial equality since 2026. From 2025 to 2026, she served as executive secretary of the Ministry of Racial Equality. "Rachel Barros:...

with amenities, social services, and public art of Floyd and that of other racial justice themes. The street intersection reopened to vehicular traffic on...

political systems and communities. Racial or ethnic inequality is the result of hierarchical social distinctions between racial and ethnic categories within...

Races of Europe (1939), was typical of its time. He described the different racial 'types' supposedly present in human populations, but rejected a specific...

Say was distributed to jazz clubs in the west of London. The ideals of racial tolerance and harmony through the example of those who earn their living...

American support of the principle of racial equality, and lack of support of a policy intended to achieve racial equality, especially among those most...

unrest precipitated a national American cultural reckoning on topics of racial injustice. Public opinion of racism and discrimination quickly shifted in...

"racially pure" and "healthy" Aryans, based on Nazi eugenics (also called "racial hygiene" by some eugenicists). Lebensborn was established by Heinrich Himmler...

anthropologists, sociologists, jurists, historians and others. The myth of a racial democracy, a term originally coined by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre...

America. (Regnery, 2021) ISBN 978-1-68451-054-2 I Can't Breathe: How a Racial Hoax Is Killing America. (Regnery, 2021) ISBN 978-1-68451-218-8 Final Battle:...

1947. African Americans entered the league beginning in 1950. According to racial equality activist Richard Lapchick, the NBA in 2023 was composed of 70.4...

housing units at an average density of 494 per square mile (191/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.25% White, 0.40% African American, 0.20% Native...

authors claimed that average intelligence quotient (IQ) differences between racial and ethnic groups are at least partly genetic in origin, a view that is...

its racial prejudice arose from a natural desire for racial preservation rather than hatred of other races. The NF claimed that most non-white racial groups...

and advocate for health equity. He is known for his work highlighting racial biases in medicine and educating audiences about health misinformation,...

Racial Culture: A Critique is a 2005 non-fiction book by American author and Stanford Law School professor Richard T. Ford which raises critical questions...

The Citizens Association for Racial Equality (CARE) was a New Zealand organisation that fought against racism towards minority groups in New Zealand. It...

department implemented racial policies and monitored the "racial integrity" of the SS membership. SS men were carefully vetted for their racial background. On...

negry), are citizens of Russia who have any ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The Metis Foundation estimates that there were about 30...

As a reaction to the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, racial justice activists and some residents of the Powderhorn community in Minneapolis staged...

and white ancestry who experiences social marginalization due to their racial identity. These characters are normally portrayed as being unable to fully...

media and academia as to whether a positive white racial identity which does not diminish other racial groups is plausible or achievable in the Western...

Garveyism is an aspect of black nationalism that refers to the economic, racial and political policies of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. Ethiopia, thou...

Racism in Germany encompasses both historical and contemporary forms of racial discrimination and prejudice. This includes the colonial-era genocide of...

were dropped in February 2021 after she completed an educational course on racial identity. Amy left the United States and returned to her native Canada,...

successful impresario in the history of jazz". He was also a champion of racial equality, insisting, for example, on integrating audiences at concerts he...

they are by far the single largest racial grouping of the country. Mixed Dominicans are the descendants from the racial integration between the Europeans...

Intellectuals of the late Qing dynasty initially embraced social Darwinist racial taxonomies due to admiration of Western science, and as a defense mechanism...

The National Party implemented the system of apartheid, which enforced racial segregation laws, during his tenure as prime minister. Daniël François Malan...

enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in...

reservation. Mono-racial individuals are more likely to live on a reservation than multiracial individuals. The Navajo, with 286,000 mono-racial individuals...

centered on class solidarity, uniting poor and working-class people across racial lines against shared oppression. It emphasized using direct action to pressure...

eugenics in Nazi Germany were composed of various ideas about genetics. The racial ideology of Nazism placed the biological improvement of the German people...

social relations Historical race concepts, obsolete definitions of human racial groups Racing, a competition of speed Mill race, millrace, or millrun, the...

majority-minority states do not have a single ethnic or racial group as the outright majority. Racial data is derived from self-identification questions on...

period of racial unrest in York, Pennsylvania in July 1969. This period of increased racial unrest followed a period of significant racial tension, rioting...

Jewish descent. He addressed how several aspects of the character were racial stereotypes that are demeaning to the character as well as Indian immigrants...

tendency to more easily recognize faces that belong to one's own racial group, or racial groups that one has been in contact with. In social psychology...

Robert Ritter (14 May 1901 – 15 April 1951) was a German racial scientist doctor of psychology and medicine, with a background in child psychiatry and...

million as of 2023. The state has people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national, and religious backgrounds. California is the most populated sub-national...

Brazilian Congress passed the Estatuto da Igualdade Racial (Statute of Racial Equality). The law adopts the racial term negro to refer to individuals who self-identify...

Latin American countries and their diasporas are multi-ethnic and multi-racial. Latin Americans are a pan-ethnicity consisting of people of different ethnic...

From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality is a 2004 book by American historian Michael Klarman. It was a winner...

exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's...

history include forced removals, racial inequality and segregation, uneven resource distribution, and disenfranchisement. Racial controversies and politics...

Lake Sr., who ran on a platform of racial segregation. Lake lost to future Senator Terry Sanford, who ran as a racial moderate willing to implement the...

The Expert Committee on Questions of Population and Racial Policy (German: Sachverständigen-Beirat für Bevölkerungsfragen und Rassenpolitik) was a Nazi...

research on American racial legislation was later cited in discussions among Nazi legal officials during the development of racial policy in Germany. Heinrich...

2001 was declared the International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance by the United Nations...

The long, hot summer of 1967 refers to an outbreak of widespread racial unrest across major American cities during the summer of 1967, where over 150 riots...

killed three people and injured many others. A group calling itself the Racial Volunteer Force split from C18 in 2002, although it has retained close links...

of the early 20th century, and later influenced the antisemitism of Nazi racial policy. In the early 1920s, Chamberlain met and encouraged Hitler. Born...

insulated from feelings of racial discomfort. She describes racism as systematic rather than overt and conscious, arguing that racial segregation has shaped...

either "true Germanic peoples" that had "lost their sense of racial pride", or as close racial relatives of the Germans. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler also...

known by his ring name Bobo Brazil. Credited with breaking down barriers of racial segregation in professional wrestling, Harris is considered one of the first...

Colombians descend mainly from three racial groups—Europeans, Amerindians, and Africans—that have mixed throughout the last 500 years of Colombia's history...

of Statistics (ONE) has not released racial data since 1960, though the Central Electoral Board collected racial data until 2014. The 1996 electoral roll...

different meanings in United States dialect and slang. It generally refers to racial, ethnic or cultural roots. Its meaning varies and such differences are contingent...

inhabitant of South Africa be classified and registered in accordance with their racial characteristics as part of the system of apartheid. This law worked in tandem...

toward racial equality", leading to the Aunt Jemima image being removed by the fourth quarter of 2020. In June 2021, amidst heightened racial unrest in...

Executive Order 13985, officially titled Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government, was the first...

least 42 people have been killed in relation to the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest following the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, among other...

controversy with his conference talk "Music Theory's White Racial Frame", leading to a debate on the racial politics of music theory and resulting in his 2023...

Jews for Racial and Economic Justice (JFREJ) is an American left-wing non-profit grassroots Jewish organization based in New York City. JFREJ describes...

Racial segregation of churches in the United States is a pattern of Christian churches maintaining segregated congregations based on race. Racially segregated...

not refuse to consent, or could tempt white men to have sex with them. Racial rape myths against African-Americans were a major factor during the nadir...

The Native Location Act of 1879 was an act of racial segregation in South Africa. Bundy, C. (1972). "The emergence and decline of a South African peasantry"...

linguistic writings from the 18th to the 20th centuries as a Biblically derived racial classification for the European peoples, but is now considered obsolete...

right-wing nationalist ideology which advocates racial separatism, racial nationalism, ethnic nationalism, and racial purity. National-anarchists syncretize ethnic...

of racial uniqueness, racist attitudes towards specific social categories, racist stereotypes, hate-speech, nationalism and common destiny, racial supremacy...

intermediate form between apes and Europeans. He saw each racial group as its own species and believed racial mixing eventually led to sterility. Paul Broca was...

has received particular attention among film critics for its treatment of racial issues. Cinema and cultural analysts have also explored its Cold War and...

Zimbabwe) and founded the Capricorn Africa Society, which aimed to fight racial discrimination in Africa, calling for equal rights for all civilised. Stirling's...

languages using similar-sounding nonsense syllables. Some versions use a racial slur, which has made the rhyme controversial at times. Since many similar...

Racial groups in South Africa (2022 census) Black (81.5%) Coloured (8.15%) White (7.30%) Indian/Asian (2.74%) Other (0.39%) Ethnic groups in South Africa...

ones. The Manhattanville students wrote the 8 resolutions because of the racial violence, discrimination, and other injustices African Americans faced....

through pathologizing those who resist. Just as racial formation rests on the creation of racial projects, racial gaslighting, as a process, relies on the production...

"white supremacist journal", and "a pseudo-scholarly outlet for promoting racial inequality". As of 2024, Mankind Quarterly is published by the white nationalist...

baby" has acquired idiomatic meanings over the years, including a negative racial connotation. Joel Chandler Harris collected the story in its original dialect...

published in The Herald Sun newspaper had contravened section 18C, of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) (RDA). The case was controversial and instigated...

The Color of Crime: Racial Hoaxes, White Fear, Black Protectionism, Police Harassment and Other Macroaggressions is a 1998 book by American academic Katheryn...

static racial labels such as "white" or "Indigenous" rather than mestizo, and a large number simply identifying as "Mexican", rejecting racialized labels...

(Hungarian: Magyar Nemzeti Függetlenségi Párt, MNFP), also known as the Party of Racial Defence, was a political party in Hungary in the interwar period. The party...

1938. He wrote the book The Racial Basis of Civilization (1926) which was critical of notions of racial superiority and racial theories such as Aryanism...

Self-segregation or auto-segregation is the separation of a religious, ethnic, or racial group from other groups in a country by the group itself naturally. This...

The Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 is an act of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia, that makes behaviour that incites or encourages hatred...

dynamics of racial issues in the United States during the interwar period. Rather than subdivide Europe into separate racial groups, the bi-racial (black vs...

Ahnenpass Italian Fascism and racism Limpieza de sangre Nazi racial theories Nuremberg Laws Racial policy of Nazi Germany Bryan Mark Rigg Horst Seidler, Andreas...

his broadcasts during the week. New South Wales Police had been recording racial and ethnic tensions and incidents in and around Cronulla since October 2005...

racist. The concept of a figleaf was created by Jennifer Saul, who coined "racial figleaves" and "gender figleaves", who says that they come from the social...

(1993). In the song, Jay-Z tells a story about dealing with rap critics, racial profiling from a police officer who wants to search his car, and an aggressor...

Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism, which are not limited in ethnic, national or racial scope. A number of alternative terms have been used instead of ethnic religion...

including social image and segregation, race and ethnicity, and the U.S. racial achievement gap. In 2019, he published an analysis arguing that Black and...

genetics defines racial groups and makes them different, that IQ and cultural differences among racial groups are caused by genes, and that racial inequalities...

Singapore was part of the Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to 1965, inter-racial tensions were rife, culminating in incidents such as the 1964 Race Riots...

American Philosophical Society, and the Harry S. Truman Library Institute. Racial Matters was a New York Times notable book of 1989. In 2010, historian Daniel...

separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority...

Bridges the only person fully visible. On the wall behind her are written the racial slur "nigger" and the letters "KKK"; a smashed and splattered tomato thrown...

völkisch organisation founded in 1894 by Ludwig Schemann to promote the racial theories of Arthur de Gobineau. Under Schemann’s sole direction it evolved...

Maryland and New Jersey State Police agencies were subject to allegations of racial profiling which claimed that black motorists were being pulled over disproportionately...

the leading authority of the Finnish racial studies, but since the mid-1930s, Lassila dissociated himself from racial theories and became one of the prominent...

throughout the country. Williams was well known as a stalwart critic of racial and cultural biases in IQ testing, coining the word "Ebonics" in 1973 and...

University, there are two main racial divides in the United States. The first is the "black–white" delineation; the second racial delineation is the one "between...

conducted by Brandeis University, one of the major factors of the huge racial wealth gap in America is due to the disparities in home-ownership in America...

Roediger, by the 18th century, "white" had become well established as a racial term at a time when the enslavement of African Americans was widespread...

blancos) are Mexicans who are associated with the racial category of whiteness. In Mexico, racial classification is highly ambiguous and has often been...

theatrical practices of racial impersonation in theatres across the British Empire, where it was integral to the development of imperial racial politics. However...

the ancient Israelites and are therefore God's "chosen people". It is a racial interpretation of Christianity and is not an organized religion, nor is...

Heinrich Himmler on July 1, 1935 as an SS appendage devoted to promoting racial theories espoused by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, the Ahnenerbe consisted...

of the continent colonised by Portugal and Spain) have the territorial, racial, and spiritual factors necessary to initiate the "universal era of humanity"...

refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of two or more racial or ethnic backgrounds. The Mixed or Multiple ethnic group numbered just...

study of all agencies under human control which can improve or impair the racial quality of future generations". The first to systematically apply Darwinism...

George's Hospital Medical School was published in 1988 by the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), gaining media attention after concluding that London's St...

fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, ultraconservatism, racial supremacy, right-wing populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia,...

piled at the checkout. The tactic was used primarily by the Congress of Racial Equality to protest against Lucky Stores hiring policies. Their 1964 protest...

research on race and intelligence, race and crime, and other purported racial correlations. Rushton's work has been heavily criticized by the scientific...

stripes represents racial harmony. The flag's adoption was a symbolic rejection of the system of apartheid, where its themes of racial equality contrasted...

sharp racial boundaries in the town. It is popular in middle school curricula, and has been used in social studies on the premises of reaction to racial identity...

geographic South—Houston—recorded a population of over 1 million. Accurate racial census data was required by both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting...

implements the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic group. Since the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force in 1999,...

Jews, along with some Romani populations, were deemed unfit for society on racial or ethnic grounds and largely confined to ghettos, then rounded up and deported...

climate. Former employees alleged that Dees was "complicit" in harassment and racial discrimination, and said that at least one female employee had accused him...

highway system attempted to maintain the racial boundaries that had been established by the city's 1926 racial zoning law. The construction of interstate...

town with strong racial tension in which she didn't know where exactly she belonged and about her personal fight against the racial discrimination surrounding...

discipline and obedience. Evola advocated for the Italian racial laws, and became the leading Italian "racial philosopher". He mentioned having worked for the...

desegregation and the first years of its implementation led to a series of racial protests and riots that brought national attention, particularly from 1974...

Some of these people were forced into beggary due to the lack of jobs and racial discrimination. Owners of African slaves in England would advertise slave-sales...

Hernández filed an unsuccessful federal lawsuit against MLB, alleging that racial discrimination kept him from being promoted to crew chief and from umpiring...

1953, formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in South Africa. The Act legalized the racial segregation of public premises, vehicles and...

his pseudonym as Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels, was an Austrian political and racial theorist and occultist, who was a pioneer of Ariosophy. He was a former...

major contributions to critical race theory, most notably with his book The Racial Contract (1997). Born in London, Mills grew up in Jamaica and later became...

Covert racism is a form of racial discrimination that is disguised and subtle, rather than public or obvious. Concealed in the fabric of society, covert...

have introduced the notion of racial unity in an effort to assert that Japanese and Koreans came from the same racial stock. After Japan relinquished...

people of a variety of origins, with the city-state itself being a multi-racial and multi-cultural country. Singaporeans of Chinese, Malay, Indian and Eurasian...

Haitians who have ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. They form the largest racial group in Haiti and together make up the largest...

antisemitic and anti-Christian and coined the white supremacist slogan "RaHoWa" (Racial Holy War). Klassen was a Republican Florida state legislator for several...

inequality in the labor market and is seen in the persistent gender and racial earnings disparity in the U.S. Non-neoclassical economists define discrimination...

South Africa to register as a member of one of four officially defined racial groups (black, white, indian and coloured) prohibiting extramarital sexual...

inequality is attributed to economic disparities that often fall along racial lines, and much modern conversation about educational equity conflates the...

addition, the white-dominated Southern legislatures passed laws imposing racial segregation in public facilities, and Jim Crow customs ruled. Most rural...

His Name Is George Floyd: One Man's Life and the Struggle for Racial Justice is a 2022 biography about murder victim George Floyd written by Washington...

Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal. Starting with King Philip's...

'slave of', part of several Muslim male given names Quli (racial slur), a contemporary racial slur for people of Asian descent Quli, Guangxi, a town in...

"non-Aryan", such as Jewish, ancestry as they were classified by the Nuremberg racial laws of 1935. In German, the word has the general connotation of “hybrid”...

lynching in the United States. It is intended to focus on and acknowledge past racial terrorism and advocate for social justice in America. Founded by the non-profit...

Review (VQR) for nearly three decades. He worked to end racial segregation and to promote racial harmony, particularly in his native Virginia. Born on January...