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The predecessor of TV Tokyo was Tokyo Channel 12, which was broadcast using the bandwidth returned by the US military stationed in Japan. However, similar to Nihon Educational Television (NET TV), which was also a private educational television station, Tokyo Channel 12 faced a serious business crisis after its launch due to low ratings. Nikkei, Inc. took over the operation of Tokyo Channel 12 in 1969 and officially converted it into a comprehensive television station in 1973. In 1981, Tokyo Channel 12 was renamed TV Tokyo.
History
Former TV Tokyo Toranomon headquarters
On July 2, 1960, the Japan Science and Technology Promotion Foundation applied to the Ministry of Post for a television broadcast license for the VHF12 channel returned by the U.S. military stationed in Japan. As part of the license application, the majority of programs were set to be science and technology education programs; the rest were to be general education and news programs.[citation needed] However, after this decision was issued, three other companies participating in the bidding, including Central Educational Broadcasting, raised objections to the Postmaster General, and the debate was not concluded until 1969.[citation needed]
1960s
After the Science and Technology Promotion Foundation obtained the broadcasting license, it immediately invited Kurata, the then president of Hitachi Production Co., Ltd., to serve as the head of the television business headquarters and began preparations for the launch.[2]: 59 At noon on April 12, 1964, Tokyo Channel 12 officially launched (broadcasting as Science TV Tokyo Channel 12 Television (科学テレビ東京12チャンネルテレビ, Kagaku Terebi Tōkyō Jūni-channeru Terebi));[2]: 59 the first program broadcast was the special program "The Birth of Tokyo Channel 12",[2]: 65 and the NHK Symphony Orchestra concert, the 90-minute TV series "The Shore of Sorrow" and variety shows such as "Good Night 21st Century" were broadcast.[2]: 20 On the first day of broadcast, Tokyo Channel 12's average full-day ratings were 2.1%, and the average prime-time ratings were 3.4%.[2]: 96 When Tokyo Channel 12 was launched, its main programs were mainly industrial high school lectures, supplemented by news, social education, TV dramas, foreign movies and other programs.[2]: 60 During the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, Tokyo Channel 12 set aside all programs other than higher education for Olympic broadcasts, with the longest broadcast time among the flagship stations.[2]: 60
However, due to the extremely low ratings of Tokyo Channel 12’s educational programs (in the first year of its launch, the average daily ratings of Tokyo Channel 12 were only 1% and only 2% during prime time).[3]: 20 as well as the Japanese economy being in a securities recession at the time, Tokyo Channel 12 fell into serious operating difficulties after it started broadcasting.[2]: 60 In the first year of broadcasting, it recorded a deficit of 1.38 billion yen.[3]: 24 In 1966, Tokyo Channel 12 decided to shorten daily broadcasting to five hours and thirty minutes, and attempts are made to rebuild by requesting donations from powerful financial companies, laying off employees, and suspending advertising business activities.[2]: 61 However, Tokyo Channel 12 planned to lay off 200 people. This triggered a strong backlash from the labor union and led to a four-year dispute between the two.[3]: 31 In 1967, Tokyo Channel 12 changed its reconstruction plan again, extending the daily broadcast time to 8 hours and 10 minutes, and Requesting companies in the financial sector to donate funds for reconstruction and restart advertising activities.[2]: 61 At the same time, four other private TV stations in Tokyo and NHK also formed the "Science TV Coordination Committee" to assist in the reconstruction of Tokyo Channel 12 and provide broadcasting parts Program.[3]: 34 These measures halved the accumulated losses of Tokyo Channel 12 to approximately 1.743 billion yen in 1967.[2]: 61 On March 28, 1968, Tokyo Channel 12 began broadcasting color programs.[2]: 61
As the operating conditions of Tokyo Channel 12 were in trouble again in 1968, the Science and Technology Promotion Foundation decided to abandon the previous method of soliciting donations from the financial sector and instead invited the financial sector to inject capital to rebuild the television department. On July 1 of the same year, twenty companies in the Japanese financial circle, including Mainichi Broadcasting, Hitachi Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and Nissan Motor, invested in the establishment of Tokyo Channel 12 Production Company (Tokyo Twelve Channel Co., Ltd.) with a capital of 1 billion yen. The Science and Technology Promotion Foundation has the television broadcasting license and facility management rights, while Tokyo Channel 12 Production is responsible for program arrangement and production, and advertising business.[2]: 61 As Mainichi Broadcasting invested in the establishment of Tokyo Channel 12 Production Company, a network relationship was actually formed between Tokyo Channel 12 and Mainichi Broadcasting System during this period. Some programs of Tokyo Channel 12 were broadcast in Kinki through Mainichi Broadcasting.[2]: 70 In 1969, Tokyo Channel 12 Production once again increased its capital by 1 billion yen, of which Nihon Keizai Shimbun invested 600 million yen, becoming the largest shareholder of Tokyo Channel 12 Production.[2]: 62
As the operating conditions of Tokyo Channel 12 were in trouble again in 1968, the Science and Technology Promotion Foundation decided to abandon the previous method of soliciting donations from the financial sector and instead invited the financial sector to inject capital to rebuild the television department. On July 1 of the same year, twenty companies in the Japanese financial circle, including Mainichi Broadcasting, Hitachi Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and Nissan Motor, invested in the establishment of Tokyo Channel 12 Production Company (Tokyo Twelve Channel Co., Ltd.) with a capital of 1 billion yen. The Science and Technology Promotion Foundation has the television broadcasting license and facility management rights, while Tokyo Channel 12 Production is responsible for program arrangement and production, and advertising business.[2]: 61 As Mainichi Broadcasting invested in the establishment of Tokyo Channel 12 Production Company, a network relationship was actually formed between Tokyo Channel 12 and Mainichi Broadcasting System during this period. Some programs of Tokyo Channel 12 were broadcast in Kinki through Mainichi Broadcasting.[2]: 70 In 1969, Tokyo Channel 12 Production once again increased its capital by 1 billion yen, of which Nihon Keizai Shimbun invested 600 million yen, becoming the largest shareholder of Tokyo Channel 12 Production.[2]: 62
1970s
In 1970, Tokyo Channel 12 achieved 100% colorization of evening prime-time programs and achieved profitability for the first time in the same year through business activities.[3]: 44 On October 24, 1973, Tokyo Channel 12 Production Co., Ltd. changed its company name to Tokyo Channel 12 Co., Ltd. (Tokyo 12 Channel Co., Ltd.), officially taking over the operation of Tokyo Channel 12 from the Science and Technology Promotion Foundation.[2]: 62 On November 1 of the same year, as the Ministry of Post and Post abolished the educational television license in the Keihin area, Tokyo Channel 12 was officially transformed into a comprehensive television station,[2]: 62 and the program broadcast ratio was changed to 20% of educational programs, 30% of educational programs, and other programs 50%.[2]: 15 In March 1975, due to Mainichi Broadcasting joining JNN, Tokyo Channel 12 terminated its relationship with Mainichi Broadcasting Network and strengthened cooperation with Kinki local independent stations SUN TV and Kinki Broadcasting.[citation needed]
In 1969, the Nikkei and MBS signed a memorandum of understanding which stipulated that Tokyo Channel 12 should share programs with Nihon Educational Television (NET, now TV Asahi), this arrangement lasted until 1975.[citation needed]
In October 1977 Tokyo Channel 12 Production was renamed Tokyo Channel 12, Ltd. (株式会社東京12チャンネル, Kabushiki-gaisha Tōkyō Jūni-channeru); and shortened the channel's name to Tokyo Channel 12 (東京12チャンネル, Tōkyō Jūni-channeru), dropping "Science TV" from its name. At the same time, the station moved to Shiba Park. A month later, it became a general-purpose TV station along with NET. On April 1, 1978, Tokyo launched a new production company, Softx.[citation needed]
1980s
In 1981, it was again renamed, this time to Television Tokyo Channel 12, Ltd.d/b/aTV Tokyo; the current Japanese name of the company was also assumed in the same year.
On October 4, 1999, Tokyo's production company Softx was renamed TV Tokyo MediaNet. In 2004, TV Tokyo MediaNet was shortened to MediaNet. On June 25, 2004, the company assumed its current English name TV Tokyo Corporation. After the digital transition, the channel began broadcasting on digital channel 7. On November 7, 2016, TV Tokyo moved its headquarters to the new building at Sumitomo Fudosan Roppongi Grand Tower from its old studios in Toranomon. The network initially used a Circle 7-style logo to broadcast animated programs.[citation needed] The station mascot is a cartoon banana with eyes, a nose, and a mouth which is bent into a 7, named Nanana (ナナナ).
1Closed since October 2018 alongside its radio operations.[1] Currently available on satellite TV only
^"放送大学の地上波放送が9月30日終了。BS完全移行でHD/SD 2ch同時放送" [Terrestrial broadcasting of the Open University of Japan will end on September 30, 2018, with the full transition to satellite broadcasting.]. AV Watch (in Japanese). March 2, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
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