White Summer

"White Summer/Black Mountain Side"
"White Summer/Black Mountain Side"
Instrumental by Led Zeppelin
from the album Led Zeppelin Boxed Set
Released	7 September 1990
Recorded	27 June 1969
Venue	Playhouse Theatre, London
Genre	Raga rock, instrumental rock
Length	8:01
Label	Atlantic
Composer(s)	Jimmy Page
Producer(s)	Jeff Griffin

"White Summer"
"White Summer"
Instrumental by the Yardbirds
from the album Little Games
Released	24 July 1967
Recorded	28–29 April 1967
Studio	De Lane Lea, London
Genre	Raga rock; instrumental rock;
Length	3:56
Label	Epic
Composer(s)	Jimmy Page
Producer(s)	Mickie Most

"White Summer" is a guitar instrumental by English rock guitarist Jimmy Page. It is an adaptation of the Irish air “She Moves Through The Fair." Page initially recorded and performed it with the Yardbirds and later included it in many Led Zeppelin concerts.

According to biographer Keith Shadwick, it is based on an old Irish folk song, "specifically derived from 'She Moved Through the Fair' in the 1963 version by [Davey] Graham, which he in turn credited to Padraic Colum".^[1] The later Led Zeppelin song "Over the Hills and Far Away" was "spun off"^[2] from "White Summer" as well as an unreleased 20-minute instrumental recorded in early 1974 at Headley Grange.^[1]

Yardbirds song

"White Summer" was recorded 28–29 April 1967 at De Lane Lea Studios in London. Jimmy Page was the only band member to perform on the recording and was accompanied by Chris Karan on tabla^[3] and an unidentified oboe player doubling the melody line.^[1] The song combines elements of traditional Eastern as well as Western music.^[1] In a 1977 interview, Page commented, "I used a special tuning for [the song]; the low string down to D, then A, D, G, A and D. It’s like a modal tuning, a sitar tuning, in fact".^[4] He added that he called this tuning "'C.I.A.' tuning—Celtic-Indian-Arabic—because that's what it was ... D–A–D–G–A–D was something going around the folk scene during the 1960s"^[1] and was used by Davey Graham for his "She Moved Through the Fair".^[5]

"White Summer" was released on the Yardbirds' last album, Little Games. An alternate take/mix without the accompaniment was included on the 1992 Yardbirds compilation Cumular Limit. It was a staple of live Yardbird performances with Jim McCarty usually providing a drum part and appears on the albums Live Yardbirds: Featuring Jimmy Page and Glimpses 1963–1968. When playing the song live with the Yardbirds, Page used a 1961 Danelectro 3021 guitar.^[4]

Led Zeppelin renditions

Led Zeppelin frequently performed "White Summer" as part of a medley with "Black Mountain Side" during their 1968–70 tours^[6] and again on the 1977 US, 1979 and 1980 Europe tours. A live performance during the band's U.K. Tour of Summer 1969^[7] was recorded by the BBC at the Playhouse Theatre in London on 27 June 1969 for the pilot of Radio One's In Concert series. This recording was produced by Jeff Griffin and released in 1990 on the Led Zeppelin Boxed Set with the combined title "White Summer/Black Mountain Side". The piece was later included in the expanded 1993 reissue of Coda from The Complete Studio Recordings and Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection (2008) box sets.

Page used his Danelectro to play the medley, as shown on 2003's Led Zeppelin DVD, which was filmed at the Royal Albert Hall on 9 January 1970. On 23 April 1970, Page performed the piece on the Julie Felix Show. Page also played it when he was with the Firm and again during his Outrider tour, seguing into "White Summer/Black Mountain Side" as part of the solo section of "Midnight Moonlight".

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Shadwick, Keith (2005). Led Zeppelin: The Story of a Band and Their Music 1968–1980 (1st ed.). San Francisco: Backbeat Books. pp. 18, 214. ISBN 0-87930-871-0.
^ Russo, Greg (1998). Yardbirds: The Ultimate Rave-Up. Crossfire Publications. p. 50. ISBN 0-9648157-3-7.
^ Koda, Cub; Russo, Gregg (2001). Ultimate! (CD booklet). The Yardbirds. Rhino Records. p. 48. R2 79825.
^ ^a ^b Rosen, Steven. "Jimmy Page Interview". Modern Guitars. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2007. Originally published in the July 1977, issue of Guitar Player magazine.
^ Various versions by Graham have appeared over the years, including on reissues of The Guitar Player and Folk, Blues and Beyond.
^ Lewis, Dan; Pallett, Simon (2005). Led Zeppelin: The Concert File. Omnibus Press. pp. 20–80. ISBN 1-84449-659-7.
^ Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.