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Organisation territoriale de la Slovaquie

L’organisation territoriale de la Slovaquie repose depuis 1996 sur huit régions (« kraje ») et 79 districts (« okresy »). Eurostat définit une nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques pour la Slovaquie. Elle ne définit cependant pas de premier niveau statistique qui recouvre la totalité du territoire slovaque[1].

Oblasti (NUTS 2)

Le premier niveau défini par Eurostat en Slovaquie est l’oblast qui correspond au second niveau NUTS[1].

Oblasts de Slovaquie
NUTS 1 Région Libellé slovaque Composition
SK 01 Bratislava Bratislavský Région de Bratislava
SK 02 Slovaquie occidentale Západné Slovensko Régions de Trnava, Trenčín et Nitra
SK 03 Slovaquie centrale Stredné Slovensko Régions de Žilina et Banská Bystrica
SK 04 Slovaquie orientale Východné Slovensko Régions de Prešov et Košice

Région administrative (NUTS 3)

Régions de Slovaquie.

La Slovaquie est divisée en huit régions NUTS 2 qui portent le nom de leur chef-lieu

Régions de Slovaquie
Région Population Superficie (km2) Densité
1 Bratislava 603 699 2 052,6 294,11
2 Trnava 554172 4 172,2 132,76
3 Trenčín 600 386 4 501,9 133,36
4 Nitra 708 498 6 343,4 111,69
5 Žilina 694 763 6 808,4 102,04
6 Banská Bystrica 657 119 9 454,8 69,50
7 Prešov 798 596 8 974,5 88,98
8 Košice 771 947 6 751,9 114,33

Politique

Les membres du conseil régional sont élus tous les quatre ans depuis 2001. Le président de la région est également élu ; il doit obtenir 50 % des suffrages, dans le cas opposé, un second tour est organisé.

Nombre de sièges par conseil régional
Région Sièges
Région de Bratislava 44
Région de Trnava 40
Région de Trenčín 45
Région de Nitra 54
Région de Žilina 57
Région de Banská Bystrica 49
Région de Prešov | 62
Région de Košice 57

Districts administratifs (LAU 1)

Districts de Slovaquie.

Chaque région est elle-même divisée en districts (Okres) LAU1. On en compte actuellement 79.

Divisions administratives inférieures (LAU 2)

Les districts sont divisés en 138 villes avec à leur tête un « primator » et en 2 753 communes rurales avec à leur tête un « starosta ». LAU 2[2]

Les villes de Bratislava et Košice sont elle-même divisées en « quartiers » avec à leur tête un « starosta ».

La plus petite unité administrative en Slovaquie est le territoire cadastral. Il correspond souvent à un village ou un quartier de ville.

Historique du découpage administratif

Comitat de Slovaquie (en 1918).

Avant 1949, le territoire était divisé en comitats, depuis la création de la Grande-Moravie au IXe siècle.

À partir du , les régions sont créées mais en nombre plus restreint. La partie orientale de la Tchécoslovaquie était composée des régions de Bratislava, Banská Bystrica, Košice, Nitra, Prešov et Žilina.

Le , un nouveau découpage est mis en application. On ne compte plus que quatre grandes régions, qui correspondent au découpage statistique évoqué ci-dessus. On reviendra brièvement entre le au au précédent découpage mais c'est seulement le que ce découpage est abandonné au profit de l'actuel.

Notes et références

  1. a et b « epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/port… »(Archive.orgWikiwixArchive.isGoogleQue faire ?).
  2. (sk + en) « Mestská a obecná štatistika SR » (consulté le )

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