鉀的同位素

主要的鉀同位素
標準原子質量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 標準)	39.0983(1);
←Ar（18）	Ca（20）→
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鉀（原子質量單位：39.0983(1)）共有28個同位素，其中有2個是穩定的。

圖表

符號	Z	N	同位素質量（u） ^{[n 1]}^{[n 2]}	半衰期 ^{[n 1]}^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	衰變方式^[2]	衰變產物 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	原子核自旋^{[n 1]}	相對豐度（莫耳分率）^[3]^{[n 2]}
符號	激發能量^{[n 2]}			半衰期 ^{[n 1]}^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	衰變方式^[2]	衰變產物 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	原子核自旋^{[n 1]}	相對豐度（莫耳分率）^[3]^{[n 2]}
31 K^[4]^[5]	19	12		<10 ps	3p	²⁸S
³⁴K^[6]	19	15	33.998404(18)		p	³³Ar
³⁵K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β⁺ (99.63%)	³⁵Ar	3/2+
³⁵K	19	16	34.988010(21)	178(8) ms	β⁺, p (.37%)	³⁴Cl	3/2+
³⁶K	19	17	35.981292(8)	342(2) ms	β⁺ (99.94%)	³⁶Ar	2+
					β⁺, p (.048%)	³⁵Cl
					β⁺, α (.012%)	³²S
³⁷K	19	18	36.97337589(10)	1.226(7) s	β⁺	³⁷Ar	3/2+
³⁸K	19	19	37.9690812(5)	7.636(18) min	β⁺	³⁸Ar	3+
^38m1K	130.50(28) keV			924.2(3) ms			0+
^38m2K	3458.0(2) keV			21.98(11) µs			(7+),(5+)
39 K	19	20	38.96370668(20)	稳定			3/2+	0.932581(44)
40 K ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	19	21	39.96399848(21)	1.248(3)×10⁹ y	β⁻ (89.28%)	⁴⁰Ca	4	1.17(1)×10⁻⁴
					EC (10.72%)	⁴⁰Ar
					β⁺ (0.001%)^[7]	⁴⁰Ar
^40mK	1643.639(11) keV			336(12) ns			0+
⁴¹K	19	22	40.96182576(21)	穩定			3/2+	0.067302(44)
⁴²K	19	23	41.96240281(24)	12.360(12) h	β⁻	⁴²Ca	2
⁴³K	19	24	42.960716(10)	22.3(1) h	β⁻	⁴³Ca	3/2+
⁴⁴K	19	25	43.96156(4)	22.13(19) min	β⁻	⁴⁴Ca	2−
⁴⁵K	19	26	44.960699(11)	17.3(6) min	β⁻	⁴⁵Ca	3/2+
⁴⁶K	19	27	45.961977(17)	105(10) s	β⁻	⁴⁶Ca	2(−)
⁴⁷K	19	28	46.961678(9)	17.50(24) s	β⁻	⁴⁷Ca	1/2+
⁴⁸K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β⁻ (98.86%)	⁴⁸Ca	(2−)
⁴⁸K	19	29	47.965514(26)	6.8(2) s	β⁻, n (1.14%)	⁴⁷Ca	(2−)
⁴⁹K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β⁻, n (86%)	⁴⁸Ca	(3/2+)
⁴⁹K	19	30	48.96745(8)	1.26(5) s	β⁻ (14%)	⁴⁹Ca	(3/2+)
⁵⁰K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β⁻ (71%)	⁵⁰Ca	(0−,1,2−)
⁵⁰K	19	31	49.97278(30)	472(4) ms	β⁻, n (29%)	⁴⁹Ca	(0−,1,2−)
⁵¹K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β⁻ (53%)	⁵¹Ca	3/2+#
⁵¹K	19	32	50.97638(54)#	365(5) ms	β⁻, n (47%)	⁵⁰Ca	3/2+#
⁵²K	19	33	51.98261(75)#	105(5) ms	β⁻, n (64%)	⁵¹Ca	(2−)#
					β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁵⁰Ca
					β⁻ (15%)	⁵²Ca
⁵³K	19	34	52.98712(75)#	30(5) ms	β⁻, n (67%)	⁵²Ca	(3/2+)#
					β⁻, 2n (17%)	⁵¹Ca
					β⁻ (16%)	⁵³Ca
⁵⁴K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁴Ca	2−#
⁵⁴K	19	35	53.99420(97)#	10(5) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵³Ca	2−#
⁵⁵K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β⁻	⁵⁵Ca	3/2+#
⁵⁵K	19	36	54.99971(107)#	3# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁴Ca	3/2+#
⁵⁶K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β⁻	⁵⁶Ca	2−#
⁵⁶K	19	37	56.00851(86)#	1# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁵Ca	2−#
⁵⁷K^[8]^[9]	19	38			β⁻	⁵⁷Ca
⁵⁹K^[9]^{[n 8]}	19	40			β⁻	⁵⁹Ca

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，僅為理論推測。
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗體表示。
^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
^ 用于鉀－氬年代測定法
^ 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素
^ 未确认的同位素

←	同位素列表	→
氬的同位素	鉀的同位素	鈣的同位素

参考文獻

^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
^ Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9 .
^ Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ³¹K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.
^ Dronchi, N.; Charity, R. J.; Sobotka, L. G.; Brown, B. A.; Weisshaar, D.; Gade, A.; Brown, K. W.; Reviol, W.; Bazin, D.; Farris, P. J.; Hill, A. M.; Li, J.; Longfellow, B.; Rhodes, D.; Paneru, S. N.; Gillespie, S. A.; Anthony, A. K.; Rubino, E.; Biswas, S. Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of ^37,38Sc, ³⁵Ca, and ³⁴K. Physical Review C. 2024-09-12, 110 (3). ISSN 2469-9985. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031302.
^ Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.
^ Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[hash-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，僅為理論推測。

[brackets-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。

[4] 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗體表示。

[6] 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。

[7] 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。

[12] 用于鉀－氬年代測定法

[13] 原始（英语：Primordial nuclide）放射性核素

[17] 未确认的同位素

[CIAAW2021-1] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.

[5] Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

[NUBASE2020-8] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[31K-1-9] A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9 .

[31K-2-10] Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ³¹K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.

[11] Dronchi, N.; Charity, R. J.; Sobotka, L. G.; Brown, B. A.; Weisshaar, D.; Gade, A.; Brown, K. W.; Reviol, W.; Bazin, D.; Farris, P. J.; Hill, A. M.; Li, J.; Longfellow, B.; Rhodes, D.; Paneru, S. N.; Gillespie, S. A.; Anthony, A. K.; Rubino, E.; Biswas, S. Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of ^37,38Sc, ³⁵Ca, and ³⁴K. Physical Review C. 2024-09-12, 110 (3). ISSN 2469-9985. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031302.

[14] Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. （原始内容存档于2019-07-01）.

[Neufcourt(K)-15] Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.

[Tarasov(K)-16] 9.0 ^9.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.

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