1864年,克利斯蒂安·威廉·布隆斯特蘭(Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand)、[14]亨利·愛丁·聖克萊爾·德維爾和路易·約瑟夫·特羅斯特(Louis Joseph Troost)明確證明了鉭和鈮是兩種不同的化學元素,並確定了一些相關化合物的化學公式。[14][15]瑞士化學家讓-夏爾·加利薩·德馬里尼亞(Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac)[16]在1866年進一步證實除鉭和鈮以外別無其他元素。然而直到1871年還有科學家發表有關Ilmenium的文章。[17]
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