This article records new taxa of plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that occurred in the year 2018.
A member of the family Berberidaceae; a replacement name for the previously invalidly published Mahonia sinuataAxelrod (1985), lacking holotype designation when published.
A Trochodendraceae genus. Type species C. kvacekii Manchester, Pigg & Devore (2018) from Oregon C. wehrii Manchester et al. (2018) from Washington state and British Columbia was originally described as a second species of this genus,[21] but subsequently it was transferred to the separate genus Paraconcavistylon.[22]
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the invalidly published Cussoniphyllum Velenovský (1889). Genus includes "Cussonia" partita Velenovský (1882).
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species D. burmensis. The generic name is preoccupied by Diaphoranthus Meyen (1834); Poinar (2019) coined a replacement name Exalloanthum.[28]
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the preoccupied Diplophyllum Velenovský & Viniklář (1929). Genus includes "Inga" cottae Ettingshausen (1867), "Diplophyllum" cretaceum Velenovský & Viniklář (1929), "Hymenaea" elongata Velenovský (1884), "Hymenaea" inaequalis Velenovský (1884) and "Hymenaea" primigenia de Saporta in Velenovský (1884).
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally described as a possible relative of members of the family Dilleniaceae; Chambers & Poinar (2023) subsequently reinterpreted it as a member of the family Proteaceae,[34] but this interpretation was rejected by Lamont & Ladd (2024).[35] Genus includes new species E. paleosum.
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the invalidly published Hederophyllum Velenovský (1889). Genus includes "Hedera" credneriifolia Velenovský (1882) and "Hedera" primordialis de Saporta (1879).
A member of the family Lythraceae. Originally described as a species of Hemitrapa, but subsequently transferred to the genus Primotrapa by Li et al. (2020).[45]
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil wood, with a suite of features seen in several families of Malpighiales, Myrtales and Oxalidales. Genus includes new species M. waddellii.
A fossil seed with affinities to Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species N. taylorii, N. hopewellense, N. crassum, N. virginiense and N. marylandense.
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the invalidly published Grevilleophyllum Velenovský (1889). Genus includes "Grevillea" constans Velenovský (1883).
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species T. hopewellense, T. marylandense, T. drewriense and T. antiquum.
A phytoclast. Genus includes new species T. brevifurcatus (probably a member of Campanulaceae), T. duplihelicoidus (affinity unknown) and T. simplex (a dicotyledon of uncertain affinity).
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil leaves. Genus includes "Dicotylophyllum" expansolobum Upchurch & Dilcher (1990).
A seed plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Interpreted as an early fossil flower by Fu et al. (2018);[128] Coiro, Doyle & Hilton (2019) considered known specimens of this plant to be more similar to conifer cones.[129] Genus includes new species N. dendrostyla.
A member of Bennettitales; a replacement name for Nilssoniopteris angustifolia Wang (1984), preoccupied by Nilssoniopteris angustifolia Doludenko and Svanidze (1969).
A study on the structure and variation of areolation patterns in leaves of Paleozoicprotosphagnaleanmosses is published by Ivanov, Maslova & Ignatov (2018).[196]
A study re-examining the evidence on the speed of growth and life cycle of the tree-like lycophytes from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) coal swamps, and in particular addressing an earlier study by Boyce & DiMichele (2016),[199] is published by Thomas & Cleal (2018).[200][201]
A study on the composition of the Late Triassic flora of the American Southwest, based on palynological data from the Chinle Formation, and indicative of a floral turnover occurring in the middle Norian, is published by Baranyi et al. (2018).[203]
A study on the Middle Jurassic flora from Yorkshire (United Kingdom) as indicated by pollen and spores, and on the possible dinosaur-plant interactions in the area is published by Slater et al. (2018).[204]
A study on the spore wall structure and development in Psilophyton dawsonii is published by Noetinger, Strayer & Tomescu (2018).[206]
Lycopsidmegaspores preserved with fossil starch, probably used to attract and reward animals for megaspore dispersal, are described from the Permian of north China by Liu et al. (2018).[207]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Equisetales is published by Elgorriaga et al. (2018).[208]
A study on the anatomy of the Devonian fern-like plant Shougangia bella is published by Wang et al. (2018).[209]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of a putative Triassic fern Pekinopteris, based on evaluation of specimens preserving fertile pinnae, is published by Axsmith, Skog & Pott (2018).[210]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil marattialean ferns is published by Rothwell, Millay & Stockey (2018).[212]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of Dipteridaceae based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Choo & Escapa (2018).[213]
Fossils of member of the genus Glossopteris related to the species Glossopteris communis from India are described from the Permian deposits of southeastern Gobi (Mongolia) by Naugolnykh & Uranbileg (2018).[216]
A study on the fossils of glossopterids from the Permian (Lopingian) Buckley Formation (Antarctica) will be published by DeWitt et al. (2018), who present evidence of glossopterids shedding their pollen organs during a different time of the season than Glossopteris leaves.[217]
Blomenkemper et al. (2018) report the discovery of mixed plant-fossil assemblages in Late Permian deposits on the margins of the Dead Sea in Jordan, including fossils of seed ferns, members of Bennettitales and the earliest records of conifers reported so far.[218]
A study on the phylogeny of conifers, comparing the inferred phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence ages with the paleobotanical record, is published by Leslie et al. (2018).[219]
A study on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels in the Early Cretaceous based on data from specimens of the fossil conifer species Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa is published by Jing & Bainian (2018).[220]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of Pinaceae based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Gernandt et al. (2018).[221]
A study on the epidermis of the leaves of the fossil pinePinus mikii and on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Yamada & Yamada (2018).[222]
A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Austrohamia acanthobractea, based on data from leafy twigs with attached pollen cones and seed cones from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Lagerstätte (China), is published by Dong et al. (2018).[223]
Rediscovery of the holotype specimen of Weltrichia fabrei is reported by Moreau & Thévenard (2018).[224]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the vascular plants and the timescale of their evolution, attempting to establish when the flowering plants originated, is published by Barba-Montoya et al. (2018).[226]
Fossil assemblage including plant and vertebrate remains is described from the Turonian Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation (Utah, United States) by Jud et al. (2018), who report turtle and crocodilian remains and an ornithopodsacrum, as well as a large silicified log assigned to the genus Paraphyllanthoxylon, representing the largest known pre-Campanian flowering plant reported so far and the earliest documented occurrence of an angiosperm tree more than 1.0 m in diameter.[228]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Zingiberales is published by Smith et al. (2018).[229]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Cornales based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Atkinson (2018).[230]
A study on the microstructure of the fossils assigned to the genus Operculifructus, and on its implications for inferring the phylogenetic relationships of this genus, is published by Hayes et al. (2018).[231]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the flowering plants and Gnetales, as indicated by morphological data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Coiro, Chomicki & Doyle (2018).[232]
A study on the lower threshold of extant palm temperature tolerance, as well as on the potential of using the presence of palm fossils to infer past climate, is published by Reichgelt, West & Greenwood (2018).[236]
A study on the human use of rainforest plant resources of prehistoric Sri Lanka, as indicated by data from phytoliths from the Fahien Rock Shelter sediments, is published by Premathilake & Hunt (2018).[237]
A study on the occurrence of bananas in the archaeological sequence at Fahien Rock Shelter (south-west Sri Lanka), as indicated by seed and leaf phytolith evidence, is published by Premathilake & Hunt (2018).[238]
A study on the macroevolutionary dynamics of extinction and adaptation of palms with megafaunal fruits in the late Cenozoic is published by Onstein et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that progressive loss of megafaunal frugivores during the late Cenozoic likely resulted in increased extinction rates of palms with megafaunal fruits.[239]
A study on the floral and fruit morphology of the early eudicot species Ranunculaecarpus quinquecarpellatus is published by Manchester et al. (2018).[240]
A study on the principal morphological characters distinguishing shade and sun leaves in modern species of Liquidambar, and on their implications for identifying leaf polymorphisms in fossil members of this genus that could otherwise be used to establish unwarranted new species, is published by Maslova et al. (2018).[241]
A study on fossil pollen of members of the group Ericales from five Eocene localities in the United Kingdom, Austria, Germany and China, aiming to describe fossil pollen types and compare them with the most similar looking pollen of modern species, is published by Hofmann (2018).[242]
A new fossil Loranthaceae pollen type (the first representative of this family in the fossil record of Africa) is described from the earliest Miocene of Saldanha Bay (South Africa) by Grímsson et al. (2018).[243]
A study on the types of fossil oak pollen grains from the Last Glacial Maximum sediments from the northern South China Sea, and on their implications for inferring regional climatic conditions in this area during the Last Glacial Maximum, is published by Dai, Hao & Mao (2018).[244]
A pistillate partial inflorescence of a member of the genus Castanopsis is described from Baltic amber by Sadowski, Hammel & Denk (2018), representing the first record of this genus from Baltic amber and the first pistillate inflorescence of Fagaceae from Eurasia reported so far.[245]
A study on factors which influenced the diversification processes and diversity dynamics of Cenozoic woody flowering plants is published by Shiono et al. (2018).[246]
A study on the nutritional value of plants grown under elevated CO2 levels, evaluating the hypothesis that constraints on sauropod diet quality were driven by Mesozoic CO2 concentration, is published by Gill et al. (2018).[248]
A study on the diversity, frequency and representation of insect damage of fossil plant specimens from the PermianLa Golondrina Formation (Argentina) is published by Cariglino (2018).[249]
Diverse gymnosperm and angiosperm fossils, displaying affinities with the flora of the Araripe Basin (Santana Formation) as well as those identified in deposits from the North America (Potomac Group), are described from the Lower CretaceousCodó Formation (Brazil) by Lindoso et al. (2018).[251]
A study on the impact of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event on the continental flora, as indicated by spore-pollen fossil record, is published by Heimhofer et al. (2018).[252]
Grimaldiet al. (2018) report biological inclusions (fungi, plants, arachnids and insects) in amber from the PaleogeneChickaloon Formation of Alaska, representing the northernmost deposit of fossiliferous amber from the Cenozoic.[254]
Organically preserved plant fossils, including leaves with cuticular preservation, are described from the PaleogeneLigorio Márquez Formation (Argentina) by Carpenter, Iglesias & Wilf (2018).[255]
A study on changes in Eocene plant diversity and floristic composition at Messel (Germany) is published by Lenz & Wilde (2018).[256]
An amber layer is reported from the lower part of the Dingqing Formation (late Oligocene) in Lunpola of central Tibet (representing the first record of amber from Tibet) by Wang et al. (2018), who interpret this amber as derived from dipterocarp trees, and who interpret the amber layer as remains of the northernmost dipterocarp forest discovered so far.[257]
A study on CO2 concentrations during the early Miocene, as indicated by stomatal characteristics of fossil leaves from a late early Miocene assemblage from Panama and a leaf gas-exchange model, is published by Londoño et al. (2018).[258]
A study evaluating when the plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway initially expanded on the Australian continent, as indicated by carbon isotope ratios of plant waxes from scientific ocean drilling sediments off north-western Australia, is published by Andrae et al. (2018).[259]
A study on the role of fire during the expansion of C4 grassland ecosystems in the Mio-Pliocene, based on data from molecular proxies from paleosol samples of the Siwalik Group (Pakistan), is published by Karp, Behrensmeyer & Freeman (2018).[260]
A study on the macroevolutionary responses of noctuid moths from the group Sesamiina and their associated host-grasses to environmental changes during the Neogene is published by Kergoat et al. (2018).[261]
A study on the abundance of the C3 and C4 grasses in the central interior of southern Africa in the Early Pleistocene, as indicated by enamel stable carbon and oxygen isotope data, associated faunal abundance and phytolith evidence from the site of Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa), is published by Ecker et al. (2018).[262]
A study on the changes of vegetation in the temperate zone of Asia during an interval containing the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, ~1.2–0.7 million years ago, as indicated by pollen data from a drilling core from the North China Plain, as well as on their effect on the large mammal fauna is published by Xinying et al. (2018).[263]
A study on the distance of seed dispersal by extant and extinct mammalian frugivores and on the impact of the extinction of Pleistocene megafauna on seed dispersal is published by Pires et al. (2018).[265]
A study on the seeds preserved in moacoprolites is published by Carpenter et al. (2018), who question the hypothesis that some of the largest-seeded plants of New Zealand were dispersed by moas.[267]
A study on pollen recovered from hyaena coprolites from Vanguard Cave (Gibraltar), and on its implications for reconstructing the vegetation landscapes in the environment inhabited by southern Iberian Neanderthals during the MIS 3, is published by Carrión et al. (2018).[269]
A study on the inner structure of cuticles and carbonaceous compressions of Early Jurassic plants from Argentinian Patagonia, using Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy, is published by Sender et al. (2018).[270]
A study on the changing ecology of woodland vegetation of southern mainland Greece during the late Pleistocene and the early-mid Holocene, and on the ecological context of the first introduction of crop domesticates in the southern Greek mainland, as indicated by data from carbonized fuel wood waste from the Franchthi Cave, is published by Asouti, Ntinou & Kabukcu (2018).[271]
Evidence of plant domestication and food production from the early and middle Holocene site of Teotonio (southwestern Amazonia, Brazil) is presented by Watling et al. (2018).[272]
A study on changes in plant pathogen communities (fungi and oomycetes) in response to changing climate during late Quaternary, as indicated by data from solidified deposits of rodent coprolites and nesting material from the central Atacama Desert spanning the last ca. 49,000 years, is published by Wood et al. (2018).[273]
A study on the timing of the origination of the East Asian flora (including Sino-Japanese Flora Metasequoia Flora and Sino-Himalayan Rhododendron Flora), as indicated by molecular and fossil data, is published by Chen et al. (2018).[274]
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^Else Marie Friis; Peter R. Crane; Kaj R. Pedersen (2018). "Fossil seeds with affinities to Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales from the Early Cretaceous (early to middle Albian) of Virginia and Maryland, USA: new evidence for extensive extinction near the base of the angiosperm tree". In Michael Krings; Carla J. Harper; Néstor Rubén Cúneo; Gar W. Rothwell (eds.). Transformative paleobotany. Papers to commemorate the life and legacy of Thomas N. Taylor. Academic Press. pp. 417–435. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813012-4.00017-6. ISBN978-01-281-3012-4.
^Yunfa Chen; Hongshan Wang; Yongqing Liufu; Qian Hu; Qiongyao Fu; Zhiming Xie (2018). "A new species of Palaeocarya (Juglandaceae) from the Ningming Basin in Guangxi, South China". Phytotaxa. 367 (1): 55–62. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.367.1.6. S2CID91774942.
^Kathleen B. Pigg; Finley A. Bryan; Melanie L. DeVore (2018). "Paleoallium billgenseli gen. et sp. nov.: fossil monocot remains from the latest Early Eocene Republic Flora, northeastern Washington State, USA". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 179 (6): 477–486. doi:10.1086/697898. S2CID91055581.
^ abcSamar Nour-El-Deen; Romain Thomas; Wagieh El-Saadawi (2018). "First record of fossil Trachycarpeae in Africa: three new species of Palmoxylon from the Oligocene (Rupelian) Gebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum, Egypt". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16 (9): 741–766. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1343258. S2CID134641364.
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^Friðgeir Grímsson; Guido W. Grimm; Alastair J. Potts; Reinhard Zetter; Susanne S. Renner (2018). "A Winteraceae pollen tetrad from the early Paleocene of western Greenland, and the fossil record of Winteraceae in Laurasia and Gondwana". Journal of Biogeography. 45 (3): 567–581. doi:10.1111/jbi.13154. S2CID91077162.
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