Bahun

Khas Bahun
Bahun
Regions with significant populations
Nepal	3,292,373 (11.2% of Nepal's population) (2021)
Languages
	Nepali (Khas-Kura)
Religion
	Hinduism 99.56% (2011), Christianity 0.31% (2011)
Related ethnic groups
	Chhetri, Thakuri and other Khas people

Bahun (Nepali: बाहुन), also known as Hill Brahmins,^[3] are a Brahmin varna among the Khas of Nepal. They are Sub caste of the Kanyakubja Brahmin^[4]^[5]^[6] while their origins are from Kannauj^[7] and the Himalayan belt of South Asia. According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahun is the second most populous group after Chhetri.^[8]

According to 1854 Muluki Ain (Nepalese Legal Code), Bahuns were regarded as caste among sacred thread bearers (Tagadhari) and twice-born Hindus.^[9]

Origin

Traditionally, Bahuns were members of the Khas community together Chhetris.^[10] Possibly due to political power of the Khasa Malla kingdom, Khas Brahmins and Khas Kshatriyas^[11] had high social status in the present-day western Nepal.^[10] Bahuns, regarded as upper class Khas group together with Chhetris, were associated mostly with the Gorkha Kingdom and its expansion.^[12]^[12]^[13]

Demography

According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahuns (referred as Hill-Brahmin) are the second most populous group after Khas Chhetri with 12.2% of Nepal's population (or 3,226,903 people).^[14] Bahun are the second largest Hindu group in Nepal with a population of 3,212,704 (99.6% of Bahuns).^[14] Bahuns are the largest group in 15 districts in Nepal: Jhapa, Morang, Kathmandu, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Kaski, Syangja, Parbat, Gulmi and Arghakhanchi. Among these, Bahuns in Parbat (35.7%), Arghakhanchi (32.8%), Dhading (30.9%), Chitwan (28.6%), Kaski (27.8%) and Gulmi (25.2%) consist more than 25% of the district population. Kathmandu has largest Bahun population with 410,126 people (23.5%).^[14]

Bahuns have the highest civil service representation with 39.2% of Nepal's bureaucracy while having only 12.1% of Nepal's total population. The civil service representation to population ratio is 3.2 times for Bahuns which is fourth in Nepal. khas/Chhetris represent 1.6 times in civil services to their percentage of population, which is the highest in Nepal.^[15] As per the Public Service Commission, Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in F.Y. 2017-18 even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, indigenous and ethnic minorities, Madhesis, dalits, people with disability and those from the backward regions.^[16] Similarly, in the fiscal 2018–19, Bahuns (24.87%) and Chhetris (9.63%) maintained 35% of their proportion in civil service as per Public Service Commission.^[17]

Geographic distribution

According to the 2021 Nepal census, 3,292,373 people (11.29%) of the population of Nepal are Bahun (Hill Brahmins).^[18] The frequency of Bahun (Hill Brahmins) by province was as follows:

The frequency of Bahun (Hill Brahmins) was higher than national average (12.2%) in the following districts:

Parbat (35.8%)
Arghakhanchi (32.8%)
Syangja (30.9%)
Chitwan (28.7%)
Kaski (27.9%)
Jhapa (23.8%)
Nawalpur (23.8%)
Kathmandu (23.7%)
Kavrepalanchok (21.5%)
Gulmi (21.3%)
Baglung (19.5%)
Nuwakot (19.0%)
Baitadi (18.6%)
Palpa (17.5%)
Kalikot (17.1%)
Darchula (16.7%)
Kanchanpur (16.0%)
Rupandehi (15.9%)
Dadeldhura (15.8%)
Gorkha (15.2%)
Rasuwa (15.2%)
Dhading (15.0%)
Bhaktapur (14.2%)
Makwanpur (14.1%)
Ilam (13.9%)
Terhathum (13.3%)
Morang (13.1%)
Lalitpur (13.0%)
Lamjung (12.8%)
Kailali (12.4%)

Notable people

Academics

Surya Subedi, legal academic

Artists

Ragini Upadhyaya, fine artist and lyricist

Athletes

Cricketers

Footballers

Swimmers

Other athletes

Shyam Dhakal, alpine skier

Entertainment

Actors/Filmmakers

Singers

Other entertainers

Atul Gautam, tabla player
Hom Nath Upadhyaya, tabla player

Entrepreneurs

Humanitarians

Durga Ghimire, founder of ABC Nepal, an anti-sex trafficking organisation
Jagadish Ghimire, political analyst, founder of Tamakoshi Sewa Samiti community development organisation
Anuradha Koirala, founder of Maiti Nepal, which supports victims of sex trafficking

Mountaineers

Politicians

Scientists

Bodhraj Acharya, biochemist
Lujendra Ojha, planetary scientist

Writers

Khagendra Sangraula

Poets

Journalists

Playwrights

Prose writers

Other notables

Bhawana Ghimire, CEO of Cricket Association of Nepal from 2014 to 2016

References

^ National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
^ Central Bureau of Statistics (2014). Population monograph of Nepal (PDF) (Report). Vol. II. Government of Nepal.
^ Oberst, Robert (27 April 2018). Government and Politics in South Asia, Student Economy Edition. Routledge. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-429-97340-6.
^ Declan Quigley, David Gellner (2017). Contested Hierarchies: A Collaborative Ethnography of Caste Among the Newars of Kathmandu. edited by David Gellner & Declan Quigley. Macmillan and Company limited. p. 199.
^ Chaturvedi, Shyam lal (1945). In Fraternity with Nepal, An Account of the Activities Under the Auspices of the Wider Life Movement for the Furtherance and Consolidation of the Indo-Nepalese Cultural Fellowship. p. 65.
^ Hachhethu, Krishna (2023). Nation-Building and Federalism in Nepal. p. 40.
^ Hachhethu, Krishna (2023). Nation-Building and Federalism in Nepal. p. 40.
^ "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF).
^ Sherchan 2001, p. 14.
^ ^a ^b John T Hitchcock 1978, pp. 116–119.
^ John T Hitchcock 1978, p. 116.
^ ^a ^b Whelpton 2005, p. 31.
^ "Nepal -".
^ ^a ^b ^c "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
^ Dhakal, Amit (11 June 2014). "निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण". Setopati.
^ "Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs". kathmandupost.com.
^ "Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service". kathmandupost.com.
^ National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
^ Chabilal Upadhyaya - Wikipedia
^ Raj, Prakash A. (2006). Dancing Democracy: The power of a Third Eye. Rupa & Company. ISBN 9788129109460.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Girija Prasad Koirala: The architect of democracy in Nepal". Dawn. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ Westminster legacies. UNSW Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-86840-848-4. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
^ "Flight of a free bird". My Republica. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (4 May 1999). "Man Mohan Adhikari". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ "CPN Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal elected as 39th Prime Minister of Nepal". Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ "Prachanda elected Prime Minister of Nepal". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ "CPN-UML Comrades Apart". Spotlight Nepal Magazine. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ "Caste no bar". Nepali Times. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2018.

Bibliography

Dor Bahadur Bista (1991). Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-0188-1.
Subba, Tanka Bahadur (1989). Dynamics of a hill society: Nepalis in Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788173041143.
John T Hitchcock (1978). "An Additional Perspective on the Nepali Caste System". In James F. Fisher (ed.). Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-90-279-7700-7.
Richard Burghart (1984). "The Formation of the Concept of Nation-State in Nepal". The Journal of Asian Studies. 44 (1): 101–125. doi:10.2307/2056748. JSTOR 2056748. S2CID 154584368.
Whelpton, John (2005). A History of Nepal. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521804707.
Sherchan, Sanjay (2001). Democracy, pluralism and Change: An Inquiry into Nepalese context. Chhye Pahhuppe. ISBN 9789993354390.
Nepala Rajakiya Pragya Pratisthana (2001). Journal of Nepalese Literature, Art and Culture. Vol. 4. Nepal: Royal Nepal Academy.
Witzel, Michael (1993). "Toward a History of the Brahmins". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 113 (2): 264–268. doi:10.2307/603031. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 603031.

[1] National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).

[2] Central Bureau of Statistics (2014). Population monograph of Nepal (PDF) (Report). Vol. II. Government of Nepal.

[3] Oberst, Robert (27 April 2018). Government and Politics in South Asia, Student Economy Edition. Routledge. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-429-97340-6.

[4] Declan Quigley, David Gellner (2017). Contested Hierarchies: A Collaborative Ethnography of Caste Among the Newars of Kathmandu. edited by David Gellner & Declan Quigley. Macmillan and Company limited. p. 199.

[5] Chaturvedi, Shyam lal (1945). In Fraternity with Nepal, An Account of the Activities Under the Auspices of the Wider Life Movement for the Furtherance and Consolidation of the Indo-Nepalese Cultural Fellowship. p. 65.

[6] Hachhethu, Krishna (2023). Nation-Building and Federalism in Nepal. p. 40.

[7] Hachhethu, Krishna (2023). Nation-Building and Federalism in Nepal. p. 40.

[cbs2-8] "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF).

[FOOTNOTESherchan200114-9] Sherchan 2001, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEJohn_T_Hitchcock1978116–119-10] John T Hitchcock 1978, pp. 116–119.

[FOOTNOTEJohn_T_Hitchcock1978116-11] John T Hitchcock 1978, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTEWhelpton200531-12] Whelpton 2005, p. 31.

[13] "Nepal -".

[cbs-14] "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2019.

[15] Dhakal, Amit (11 June 2014). "निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण". Setopati.

[16] "Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs". kathmandupost.com.

[17] "Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service". kathmandupost.com.

[18] National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).

[19] Chabilal Upadhyaya - Wikipedia

[20] Raj, Prakash A. (2006). Dancing Democracy: The power of a Third Eye. Rupa & Company. ISBN 9788129109460.

[dawn-21] "Girija Prasad Koirala: The architect of democracy in Nepal". Dawn. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[22] Westminster legacies. UNSW Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-86840-848-4. Retrieved 15 May 2009.

[myrepublica-23] "Flight of a free bird". My Republica. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[24] Goldenberg, Suzanne (4 May 1999). "Man Mohan Adhikari". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[25] "CPN Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal elected as 39th Prime Minister of Nepal". Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[26] "Prachanda elected Prime Minister of Nepal". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[27] "CPN-UML Comrades Apart". Spotlight Nepal Magazine. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[28] "Caste no bar". Nepali Times. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2018.

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