On July 11, 1997, Massachusetts abolished the executive government of Middlesex County primarily due to the county's insolvency.[3] Middlesex County continues to exist as a geographic boundary[4] and is used primarily as district jurisdictions within the court system and for other administrative purposes; for example, as an election district. The National Weather Service weather alerts (such as severe thunderstorm warning) continue to localize based upon Massachusetts's counties.
In 1855, the Massachusetts State Legislature created a minor Registry of Deeds for the Northern District of Middlesex County in Lowell.[5]
In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Boston annexed several of its adjacent cities and towns including Charlestown and Brighton from Middlesex County, resulting in an enlargement and accretion toward Suffolk County.[5]
Beginning prior to dissolution of the executive county government, the county comprised two regions with separate county seats for administrative purposes:
The Middlesex-South District (larger) with the county seat in Cambridge[6] consisted of the remaining 44 cities and towns of Middlesex County.[7]
Since the start of the 21st century much of the current and former county offices have physically decentralized from the Cambridge seat, with the sole exceptions being the Registry of Deeds and the Middlesex Probate and Family Court, which both retain locations in Cambridge and Lowell. Since the first quarter of 2008, the Superior Courthouse[8][9] has been seated in the city of Woburn;[10][11] the Sheriff's Office is now administratively seated in the city of Medford and the Cambridge-based County Jail[12] has since been amalgamated with another county jail facility in Billerica.[13] The Cambridge District Court (which has jurisdiction for Arlington, Belmont and Cambridge); along with the Middlesex County District Attorney's Office, although not a part of the Middlesex County government, was also relatedly forced to relocate to Medford at the time of the closure of the Superior Courthouse building in Cambridge.[14][15]
Law and government
Of the fourteen counties of Massachusetts, Middlesex is one of eight[16] which have had no county government or county commissioners since July 1, 1998, when county functions were assumed by state agencies at local option following a change in state law.[4] Immediately prior to its dissolution, the executive branch consisted of three County Commissioners elected at-large to staggered four-year terms. There was a County Treasurer elected to a six-year term. The county derived its revenue primarily from document filing fees at the Registries of Deeds and from a Deeds Excise Tax; also a transfer tax was assessed on the sale price of real estate and collected by the Registries of Deeds.[17]
Budgets as proposed by the County Commissioners were approved by a County Advisory Board that consisted of a single representative of each of the 54 cities and towns in Middlesex County. The votes of the individual members of the advisory board were weighted based on the overall valuation of property in their respective communities.
The County Sheriff and two Registers of Deeds (one for the Northern District at Lowell and another for the Southern District at Cambridge) are each elected to serve six-year terms.[18] Besides the employees of the Sheriff's Office and the two Registries of Deeds, the county had a Maintenance Department, a Security Department, some administrative staff in the Treasurer's and Commissioners' Offices, and the employees of the hospital.
The county government also owned and operated the Superior Courthouse, one of which was formerly in Cambridge (since 2008 relocated to Woburn.)[8] and one in Lowell; and the defunct Middlesex County Hospital in the city of Waltham.
The legislation abolishing the Middlesex County executive retained the Sheriff and Registers of Deeds as independently elected officials, and transferred the Sheriff's Office under the state Department of Public Safety and the two Registry of Deeds offices to the Massachusetts Secretary of State's Office.[19] Additionally, all county maintenance and security employees were absorbed into the corresponding staffs of the Massachusetts Trial Court. The legislation also transferred ownership of the two Superior Courthouses to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The hospital was closed. Finally, the office of County Commissioner was immediately abolished and the office of County Treasurer was abolished as of December 31, 2002.[20] Any county roads transferred to the Commonwealth as part of the dissolution. The other administrative duties (such as Sheriff, Department of Deeds and court system, etc.) and all supporting staff were transferred under the Commonwealth as well.
Records of land ownership in Middlesex County continue to be maintained at the two Registries of Deeds. Besides the Sheriff and the two Registers of Deeds, the Middlesex District Attorney, the Middlesex Register of Probate and the Middlesex Clerk of Courts (which were already part of state government before the abolition of Middlesex County government) are all elected countywide to six-year terms.
In Middlesex County (as in the entirety of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts), the governmental functions such as property tax assessment and collection, public education, road repair and maintenance, and elections were all conducted at the municipal city and town level and not by the county government.
In 2012 the 22-story Superior Court Building in Cambridge which was transferred from the abolished Executive County government was sold[23][24] by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.[25] Due to its transfer from state control,[26] many local residents had tried to force the private developers to reduce the overall height of the structure.[27][28]
Even following abolition of the executive branch for county government in Middlesex, communities are still granted a right by the Massachusetts state legislature to form their own regional compacts for sharing of services and costs thereof.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 847 square miles (2,190 km2), of which 818 square miles (2,120 km2) is land and 29 square miles (75 km2) (3.5%) is water.[32] It is the third-largest county in Massachusetts by land area.
U.S. Decennial Census[35] 1790-1960[36] 1900-1990[37] 1990-2000[38] 2010-2020[39]
As of 2006[update], Middlesex County was tenth in the United States on the list of most millionaires per county.[40]
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,503,085 people, 580,688 households, and 366,656 families residing in the county.[41] The population density was 1,837.9 inhabitants per square mile (709.6/km2). There were 612,004 housing units at an average density of 748.3 per square mile (288.9/km2).[42] The racial makeup of the county was 80.0% white, 9.3% Asian, 4.7% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.5% of the population.[41]
Of the 580,688 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.9% were non-families, and 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.10. The median age was 38.5 years.[41]
The median income for a household in the county was $77,377 and the median income for a family was $97,382. Males had a median income of $64,722 versus $50,538 for females. The per capita income for the county was $40,139. About 5.1% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.[44]
The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list are reflective if the census designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[47][48][49]
The primary responsibility of the Middlesex Sheriff's Office is oversight of the Middlesex House of Correction and Jail in Billerica. It formerly ran the Middlesex Jail in Cambridge, which closed on June 28, 2014. In addition, the Sheriff's Office operates the Office of Civil Process and, the Lowell Community Counseling Centers, and crime prevention and community service programs. The office of sheriff was created in 1692, making it one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the United States. The sheriff is elected to a 6-year term.[50]
Prior to 1960, Middlesex County was a Republican Party stronghold, backing only two Democratic Party presidential candidates from 1876 to 1956. The 1960 election started a reverse trend, with the county becoming a Democratic stronghold. This has been even more apparent in recent years, with George H. W. Bush in 1988 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage forty percent of the county's votes and Mitt Romney in 2012 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage even thirty percent of the vote. In 2020, Joe Biden won 71% of the vote, the highest percent for any presidential candidate since 1964.
United States presidential election results for Middlesex County, Massachusetts[53]
Most municipalities in Middlesex County have a town form of government; the remainder are cities, and are so designated on this list. Villages listed below are census or postal divisions, but have no separate corporate or statutory existence from the cities and towns in which they are located.
Middlesex County is home to the Middlesex County Volunteers, a fife and drum corps that plays music from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Founded in 1982 at the end of the United States Bicentennial celebration, the group performs extensively throughout New England. They have also performed at the Boston Pops, throughout the British Isles and Western Europe, and at the Edinburgh Military Tattoo's Salute to Australia in Sydney, Australia.
^Redmond, Lisa (March 10, 2008). "Middlesex Superior Court moving to Woburn". Digital First Media. Lowell Sun. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018. WOBURN – Middlesex Superior Court, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new facility in Woburn in the TradeCenter on Sylvan Road beginning Friday, according to Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan.
^"Press Release: Middlesex Superior Court Moves to Woburn". Cummings Properties, LLC. March 17, 2008. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018. Woburn, MA, March 17, 2008 – The new furniture has been installed, years of case files have been dusted off, moved and organized, and the computers are all hooked up and ready to go. After 40 years in Cambridge, the Superior Court is open and ready for business in Woburn. [ ... ] Serving nearly all of the 54 communities in Middlesex County, the new Woburn building houses 15 courtrooms, clerks' offices, judges' chambers, the probation department, the law library, and more. In addition, the Court estimates that more than 400 people will use the building every day, including, lawyers, judges, administrative staff, jurors, plaintiffs, defendants, visitors, and others who work at the building and use the system.
^Properties, Cummings (September 20, 2013). "Press Release:Middlesex Superior Court renews lease in Woburn". Cummings Properties, Business. Patch Media. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has extended its lease for the Middlesex County Superior Courthouse at TradeCenter 128 in Woburn for a seven-year term. This renewal comes five years after the Court moved from the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, which was in need of extensive renovations and has since been slated for redevelopment.
^Hanson, Melissa (June 28, 2014). "Middlesex Jail in Cambridge closes". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The Middlesex Jail at the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge closed Saturday after 32 years of operation, according to Middlesex Sheriff Peter J. Koutoujian.
^Barry, Rob (February 26, 2009). "Cambridge Court opens in Medford". WickedLocal. GateHouse Media, LLC. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The Cambridge District Court moved into Medford this week, placing itself in the former Cross Country building at 4040 Mystic Valley Pkwy.
^Kenney, Joan; Whiting, Charlotte (February 17, 2009). "Third District Court of Middlesex County Relocates From Cambridge to Medford"(PDF). Public Information Office. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Boston Bar Association. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan today announced that the Third District Court of Middlesex County, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new court facility on the Mystic Valley Parkway in Medford after the close of business on February 20, 2009, and open for business at this new site on Monday, February 23, 2009.
^Baldassari, Erin (December 17, 2012). "Leggat McCall wins bid for Sullivan Courthouse redevelopment in Cambridge". WickedLocal. GateHouse Media, LLC. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2012. Leggat McCall Properties was selected from a pool of seven bidders to redevelop the 22-story, 600,000-square-foot EJ Sullivan Courthouse in East Cambridge, the state announced Friday, Dec. 14.
^Goodison, Donna (July 20, 2017). "Cambridge courthouse judged fit for redo". Boston Herald and Herald Media. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The Appeals Court upheld a 2015 Land Court decision that determined the former Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse, when transferred from state ownership to private ownership under Boston developer Leggat McCall Properties, would still be considered a legal, preexisting nonconforming structure despite losing its government immunity from zoning rules.
^Chesto, Jon (August 8, 2017). "A towering dilemma in East Cambridge". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The developers who want to remodel the imposing former courthouse tower in East Cambridge and enliven its ground floor had hoped an appeals court decision last month was the final green light they needed.
^Staff writer (July 20, 2017). "40 Thorndike Street". Bldup.com. BLDUP. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. Upcoming mixed-use development located steps from Kendall Square that will transform the existing 22-story Sullivan Courthouse and Middlesex Jail tower in East Cambridge into a 20-story mixed-use tower. The new 40 Thorndike Street will feature approximately 430,000 square feet of office, research & development space and 15,000 square feet of ground-floor retail, along with 24 apartment residences on lower floors. Lower office floors will be marketed to startup companies as innovation space. Retail will include a grocery store and a health club; a daycare could be included as well.
Jedidiah Morse (1797). "Middlesex". The American Gazetteer. Boston, Massachusetts: At the presses of S. Hall, and Thomas & Andrews. OL23272543M.
Edwin P. Conklin, Middlesex County and Its People: A History. In Four Volumes. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1927.
Samuel Adams Drake, History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts: Containing Carefully Prepared Histories of Every City and Town in the County. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1880. Volume 1 | Volume 2
D. Hamilton Hurd, History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts: With Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men. In Three Volumes. Philadelphia, PA: J.W. Lewis & Co., 1890. Volume 1 | Volume 2 | Volume 3
Robert H. Rodgers, Middlesex County in the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England: Records of Probate and Administration, February 1670/71 – June 1676. Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 2005.
Beauty pageant competition Miss Alaska Teen USAFormation1983TypeBeauty pageantHeadquartersAnchorageLocationAlaskaMembership Miss Teen USAOfficial language EnglishWebsiteOfficial website Victoria Ray, Miss Alaska Teen USA 2008 Miss Alaska Teen USA is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Alaska in the Miss Teen USA pageant and the name of the title held by that winner. The pageant is part of the Miss Universe Organization which also holds the Miss USA and Miss Universe page…
Mamiek PrakosoLahirMamiek Prakoso(1961-04-06)6 April 1961Salatiga, Jawa TengahMeninggal3 Agustus 2014(2014-08-03) (umur 53)Surakarta, Jawa TengahNama lainMamiek PodangPekerjaanAktor, pelawakTahun aktif1987-2014Suami/istriSuraniOrang tuaHadi Suranto (Ranto Edi Gudel) (ayah) dan Hj. Umiyati Siti Nurjanah (ibu)KerabatDidi Kempot (adik) Mamiek Prakoso (6 April 1961 – 3 Agustus 2014) adalah pemeran dan pelawak Indonesia. Ia mengawali karier sebagai pelawak melalui grup …
Carl Bereiter Carl Bereiter adalah ilmuwan untuk bidang pendidikan dan diangkat menjadi profesor sejak tahun 1967 pada Institut Ontario.[1] Pada awal 1960-an, ia bersama Siegfried Engelmann mengajar membaca, matematika dan kecakapan dalam menggunakan akal pikiran pada anak-anak penderita gangguan mental. Pengajaran tersebut menggunakan metode instruksi langsung melalui analisis rasional terhadap kesulitan pemahaman, namun seiring prosesnya cenderung disalahartikan sebagai analisis bersif…
KuntowijoyoNama asalKuntowidjojoLahir(1943-09-18)18 September 1943Sanden, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Wilayah Pendudukan JepangMeninggal22 Februari 2005(2005-02-22) (umur 61)Yogyakarta, IndonesiaSebab meninggalMeningo-EnsefalitisKebangsaanIndonesiaAlmamaterUniversitas Gadjah Mada University of Connecticut Universitas ColumbiaDikenal atasIntelektual serba bisa yang menggagas ilmu sosial dan sastra profetik [1]Suami/istriDra. Susilaningsih M.A.AnakIr. Punang Amaripuja S.E., MScPengh…
David BayuDavid Bayu di Euforia Forsi 2017LahirDavid Bayu Danangjaya29 Agustus 1976 (umur 47)Solo, Jawa Tengah, IndonesiaNama lainDavid NaifPekerjaanPemusik dan PresenterSuami/istriShilla Delila (m. 1999)Anak2Karier musikGenreIndie PopInstrumenVokalTahun aktif1994 - sekarangArtis terkaitNaif David Bayu Danangjaya (lahir 29 Agustus 1976) atau yang dikenal sebagai David Naif adalah mantan vokalis dari band Naif. David mendaftar sebagai mahasiswa desain graf…
A Time to KillTheatrical release posterSutradaraJoel SchumacherProduserArnon MilchanJohn GrishamMichael NathansonHunt LowrySkenarioAkiva GoldsmanBerdasarkanA Time to Killoleh John GrishamPemeranMatthew McConaugheySandra BullockSamuel L. JacksonKevin SpaceyBrenda FrickerOliver PlattCharles S. DuttonAshley JuddPatrick McGoohanDonald SutherlandPenata musikElliot GoldenthalSinematograferPeter Menzies Jr.PenyuntingWilliam SteinkampPerusahaanproduksiRegency EnterprisesDistributorWarner Bros.Tang…
Konsonan letup dwibibir nirsuarapNomor IPA101Pengkodean karakterEntitas (desimal)pUnikode (heks)U+0070X-SAMPApKirshenbaumpBrailleSampel suaranoicon sumber · bantuan Konsonan letup dwibibir nirsuara adalah jenis dari suara konsonan dwibibir yang digunakan dalam berbagai bahasa. Simbol IPAnya adalah ⟨p⟩. Dalam bahasa Indonesia huruf [p] terdapat dalam kata seperti panas dan pasir. Huruf [p] terdapat di hampir semua bahasa di dunia. Beberapa bahasa, seperti bahasa-bahasa …
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang pendudukan Melaka oleh Imperium Portugal. Untuk konflik bersenjata di Melaka, lihat Perang Melayu-Portugis. Melaka PortugisFortaleza de MalacaKota Melaka1511–1641 Bendera Lambang Peta Melaka Portugis pada abad ke-17 oleh Manuel Godinho de ErédiaLokasi di Malaysia kiniStatusKoloni PortugisIbu kotaKota MalakaBahasa yang umum digunakanPortugis, MelayuRaja • 1511-1521 Manuel I• 1640-1641 John IV Kapitan Mayor • 1512-1514 Rui d…
Seorang perkunis memainkan cajon yang telah dimodifikasi; cajon tradisional memiliki lubang di belakang atau di sisi sebelah kiri/kanan tapa sumber suara dari penggunaan dari kajon Kajon adalah alat musik pukul yang berbentuk kotak yang berasal dari Peru, dimainkan dengan hanya memukul permukaan depan atau belakang (pada umumnya menggunakan kayu lapis tipis) dengan tangan, jari, atau terkadang pemain menggunakan alat tambahan seperti stik drum sapu atau Mallet, atau tongkat stik drum. Pertama ka…
Duta Besar Indonesia untuk HungariaLambang Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik IndonesiaPetahanaAbdurachman Hudiono Dimas Wahabsejak 7 Januari 2019KantorBudapest, HungariaDitunjuk olehPresiden IndonesiaDibentuk30 Maret 1960[1]Situs webkemlu.go.id/budapest/id Berikut adalah daftar diplomat Indonesia yang pernah menjabat Duta Besar Republik Indonesia untuk Hungaria: No. Foto Nama Mulai menjabat Selesai menjabat Merangkap Diangkat oleh Ref. 1 Sarino Mangunpranoto 10 Agustus 1962 1966 …
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Jura (disambiguasi). Lambang Jura Lokasi Jura di Prancis Jura [ʒyˈʀa] (selengkapnya Département du Jura) adalah departemen di Prancis . Terletak di Prancis timur di kawasan Franche Comté, dekat perbatasan Swiss, tepatnya Kanton Jura. Ekonomi Di departemen ini terletak pabrik anggur Jura. Kota-kota Dole Lons-le-Saunier Arbois Salins-les-Bains Pembagian administratif Arrondissement Penduduk(1999) Wilayah(km²) Kepadatan penduduk Kanton Kotamadya Dole 77.078 1180 65 …
Cadillac EscaladeInformasiProdusenGeneral MotorsMasa produksi1999–sekarangBodi & rangkaKelasSUV / SUT ukuran penuhMobil terkaitGMC Yukon, Chevrolet Tahoe Cadillac Escalade adalah sebuah mobil SUV mewah buatan pabrikan otomotif General Motors yang dijual dengan merk Cadillac. Cadillac Escalade diperkenalkan tahun 1999 sebagai hasil untuk melawan para kompetitor GM dari Jerman, Jepang, dan juga Ford. Sebelumnya, Ford juga merilis mobil serupa tahun 1998 dengan nama Lincoln Navigator. Escalad…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Kala pluperfek adalah sebuah kala yang menyatakan suatu keadaan yang pada masa lampau ada sebagai akibat dari sesuatu yang telah dilakukan pada masa lampau sebelumnya; suatu kejadian yang dipandang telah sekali dan selamanya diselesaikan di kala lampau. …
Bahaedeen Ahmad AlshannikAlshannik pada Kejuaraan Bulu Tangkis Asia 2018Informasi pribadiKebangsaanYordaniaLahir18 Juli 1997 (umur 26)PeganganKananTunggal & ganda putraPeringkat tertinggi88 (MS 2 Mei 2023) 62 (MD 22 Maret 2018) 98 (XD 26 Februari 2019)Profil di BWF Bahaedeen Ahmad Alshannik (lahir 18 Juli 1997) adalah pemain bulu tangkis asal Yordania.[1] Dia merupakan runner-up ganda campuran di turnamen Morocco International pada tahun 2014 dan 2015, dan juga runner-up ganda p…
Julio HornayJúlio Hornay (2017) Kepala Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste ke-3Masa jabatan26 Maret 2015 – 27 Maret 2019PresidenTaur Matan RuakFrancisco GuterresPerdana MenteriRui Maria de AraújoMarí AlkatiriTaur Matan Ruak PendahuluLonguinhos MonteiroPenggantiFaustino da Costa Informasi pribadiLahir16 Februari 1967 (umur 57) Lospalos, Timor PortugisKarier militerPihak Indonesia (1991—1999) Timor Leste (2000—2019)Masa dinas1991—2019Komando Kepolisian Repu…
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Bremen. Bremen, AlabamakotaNegaraAmerika SerikatNegara bagianAlabamacountyCullmanZona waktuUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Musim panas (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)Kode pos35033Kode area telepon256 Bremen merupakan sebuah kota di county Cullman, Alabama, Amerika Serikat. Kota tak berhubungan ini memiliki penduduk 8.198 pada tahun 2000 (termasuk sebagian penduduk Colony, Dodge City, dan Good Hope). Luasnya sekitar 88.9 km². Kode pos daerah ini adalah 35033. Jalan raya utam…
Artikel ini mengenai Allah dalam istilah Kekristenan di Indonesia dan bukan mengenai Allah, Tuhan dalam Islam. Untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut, lihat artikel Penggunaan Allah bagi umat Kristen Indonesia. Bagian dari sebuah serial tentangSepuluhPerintah Allah Akulah TUHAN Allahmu Jangan ada allah lain Jangan membuat patung apa pun Jangan sembarangan menyebut nama TUHAN Kuduskanlah hari Sabat Hormatilah ayahmu dan ibumu Jangan membunuh Jangan berzinah Jangan mencuri Jangan bersaksi dusta Jangan mengi…
List of highest awards in ScoutingThen President, Pratibha Patil presenting the Rashtrapati Scout and Guide Awards for the year 2007–2008 and 2008–2009, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on September 23, 2009 Scouting portal This list of highest awards in Scouting is an index to articles on notable awards given to youth members in the various national Scouting organizations. Most of these awards require a mastery of Scoutcraft and leadership and the performance of community servi…