2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts

2020 Massachusetts Libertarian presidential primary
← CA NC →
No preference	Jacob Hornberger

2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Turnout	76%
Biden 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90–100%	Trump 40–50% 50–60%
President before election; Donald Trump; Republican	Elected President ; Joe Biden; Democratic

The 2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated.^[3] Massachusetts voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. Massachusetts has 11 electoral votes in the Electoral College.^[4]

Prior to the election, Massachusetts was widely considered a state Biden would win or a safe blue state. On election day, Biden easily carried Massachusetts with a 33-point margin, the largest margin whereby any nominee had carried the state since Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 landslide. Massachusetts was one of three states where Biden won every county, the other two being Rhode Island and Hawaii.

Massachusetts voted 29% more Democratic than the national average.

Primary elections

Presidential preference primaries were scheduled for March 3, 2020, for each of the political parties with state ballot access.

Democratic primary

Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden were among the declared major Democratic candidates. Elizabeth Warren, one of the two current senators from Massachusetts, formed an exploratory committee in December 2018 and declared her intention to run in February 2019.^[5]^[6]

2020 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary^[7]
Candidate	Votes	%	Delegates^[8]
Joe Biden	473,861	33.41	37
Bernie Sanders	376,990	26.58	30
Elizabeth Warren	303,864	21.43	24
Michael Bloomberg	166,200	11.72
Pete Buttigieg (withdrawn)^[a]	38,400	2.71
Amy Klobuchar (withdrawn)^[a]	17,297	1.22
Tulsi Gabbard	10,548	0.74
Deval Patrick (withdrawn)	6,923	0.49
Tom Steyer (withdrawn)^[a]	6,762	0.48
Andrew Yang (withdrawn)	2,708	0.19
Michael Bennet (withdrawn)	1,257	0.09
John Delaney (withdrawn)	675	0.05
Marianne Williamson (withdrawn)	617	0.04
Cory Booker (withdrawn)	426	0.03
Julian Castro (withdrawn)	305	0.02
All Others	1,941	0.14
No Preference	5,345	0.38
Blank ballots	4,061	0.29
Total	1,418,180	100%	91

Republican primary

Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker declined to run, as did Utah Senator and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

2020 Massachusetts Republican presidential primary^[13]
Candidate	Popular vote		Delegates
Candidate	Count	Percentage	Delegates
Donald Trump (incumbent)	239,115	86.32	41
Bill Weld	25,425	9.18	0
Joe Walsh (withdrawn)	3,008	1.09	0
Rocky De La Fuente	675	0.24	0
No Preference	4,385	1.58	0
Blank ballots	2,242	0.81	0
All Others	2,152	0.78	0
Total	277,002	100%	41

Libertarian primary

A number of Libertarian candidates declared for the race, including New Hampshire State Representative Max Abramson, Adam Kokesh, Vermin Supreme and former Libertarian National Committee vice-chair Arvin Vohra.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Massachusetts Libertarian presidential primary, March 3, 2020^[17]
Candidate	Votes	Percentage
All others	958	25.0%
No preference	804	21.0%
Vermin Supreme	399	10.4%
Jacob Hornberger	369	9.6%
Dan Behrman	294	7.7%
Kim Ruff (withdrawn)	224	5.8%
Arvin Vohra	151	3.9%
Ken Armstrong	145	3.8%
Jo Jorgensen	141	3.7%
Sam Robb	127	3.3%
Adam Kokesh	125	3.3%
Max Abramson	98	2.6%
Total	3,835	100%

Green primary

Massachusetts Green Party presidential primary, March 3, 2020 ^[18]
Candidate	Votes	Percentage	National delegates
Dario Hunter	224	16.9	2
Howie Hawkins	217	16.4	1
Sedinam Kinamo Christin Moyowasifza-Curry	141	10.6	1
Kent Mesplay	55	4.1	0
David Rolde	4	0.3	0
Write-In	369	27.8	0
No Preference	316	23.8	7
Total	1326	100.00%	11

General election

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
The Cook Political Report^[19]	Safe D	September 10, 2020
Inside Elections^[20]	Safe D	September 4, 2020
Sabato's Crystal Ball^[21]	Safe D	July 14, 2020
Politico^[22]	Safe D	September 8, 2020
RCP^[23]	Safe D	August 3, 2020
Niskanen^[24]	Safe D	July 26, 2020
CNN^[25]	Safe D	August 3, 2020
The Economist^[26]	Safe D	September 2, 2020
270towin^[27]	Safe D	August 2, 2020
ABC News^[28]	Safe D	July 31, 2020
NBC News^[29]	Safe D	August 6, 2020
538^[30]	Safe D	September 9, 2020

Polling

Graphical summary

Aggregate polls


Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided ^[c]	Margin
270 to Win^[31]	October 17 – November 2, 2020	November 3, 2020	65.0%	28.7%	6.3%	Biden +36.3
RealClearPolitics^[32]	July 31 – August 27, 2020	September 15, 2020	64.0%	28.3%	7.7%	Biden +35.7
FiveThirtyEight^[33]	until November 2, 2020	November 3, 2020	64.6%	28.9%	6.5%	Biden +35.8
Average			64.5%	28.6%	6.8%	Biden +35.9

Polls

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size^[d]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Jo Jorgensen Libertarian	Howie Hawkins Green	Other	Undecided
MassInc^[34]	Oct 23–30, 2020	929 (LV)	–	28%	62%	-	-	8%^[e]	2%
SurveyMonkey/Axios^[35]	Oct 1–28, 2020	5,848 (LV)	–	28%	70%	-	-	–	–
YouGov/UMass Amherst^[36]	Oct 14–21, 2020	713 (LV)	–	29%	64%	-	-	3%^[f]	3%
SurveyMonkey/Axios^[35]	Sep 1–30, 2020	2,655 (LV)	–	32%	66%	-	-	–	2%
SurveyMonkey/Axios^[35]	Aug 1–31, 2020	2,286 (LV)	–	29%	69%	-	-	–	2%
Emerson College/WHDH^[37]	Aug 25–27, 2020	763 (LV)	± 3.5%	31%	69%	-	-	–	–
MassINC/WBUR^[38]	Aug 6–9, 2020	501 (LV)	± 4.4%	27%	63%	-	-	5%^[g]	4%
UMass/YouGov^[39]	Jul 31 – Aug 7, 2020	500 (RV)	± 5.9%	28%	61%	-	-	–	–
SurveyMonkey/Axios^[35]	Jul 1–31, 2020	2,509 (LV)	–	26%	72%	-	-	–	2%
MassINC^[40]	Jul 17–20, 2020	797 (RV)	–	23%	55%	-	-	10%^[h]	12%
SurveyMonkey/Axios^[35]	Jun 8–30, 2020	1,091 (LV)	–	27%	71%	-	-	–	2%
Emerson College/7 News^[41]	May 4–5, 2020	740 (RV)	± 3.5%	33%^[i]	67%	-	-	–	–
University of Massachusetts Lowell/YouGov^[42]	Apr 27 – May 1, 2020	1,000 (RV)	± 3.6%	30%	58%	-	-	7%^[j]	4%
Emerson College^[43]	Apr 4–7, 2019	761 (RV)	± 3.5%	31%	69%	-	-	–	–

Former candidates

with Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size^[d]	Margin of error	Donald Trump (R)	Bernie Sanders (D)	Undecided
Emerson College^[43]	Apr 4–7, 2019	761 (RV)	± 3.5%	36%	64%	–

with Donald Trump and Elizabeth Warren

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size^[d]	Margin of error	Donald Trump (R)	Elizabeth Warren (D)	Undecided
Emerson College^[43]	Apr 4–7, 2019	761 (RV)	± 3.5%	37%	63%	–

Results

2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts^[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Joe Biden Kamala Harris	2,382,202	65.60	+4.62
	Republican	Donald Trump Mike Pence	1,167,202	32.14	–0.67
	Libertarian	Jo Jorgensen Spike Cohen	47,013	1.29	–2.93
	Green	Howie Hawkins Angela Walker	18,658	0.51	–0.95
	Write-in		16,327	0.45	–1.07
Total votes			3,631,402	100%	+1.49
	Democratic win

By county

County	Joe Biden Democratic		Donald Trump Republican		Various candidates Other parties		Margin		Total votes cast
County	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	Total votes cast
Barnstable	91,994	61.20%	55,311	36.79%	3,020	2.01%	36,683	24.41%	150,325
Berkshire	51,705	72.44%	18,064	25.31%	1,606	2.25%	33,641	47.13%	71,375
Bristol	153,377	54.92%	119,872	42.92%	6,030	2.16%	33,505	12.00%	279,279
Dukes	9,914	77.47%	2,631	20.56%	253	1.97%	7,283	56.91%	12,798
Essex	267,198	63.44%	144,837	34.39%	9,175	2.17%	122,361	29.05%	421,210
Franklin	30,030	70.73%	11,201	26.38%	1,227	2.89%	18,829	44.35%	42,458
Hampden	125,948	57.73%	87,318	40.02%	4,911	2.25%	38,630	17.71%	218,177
Hampshire	63,362	72.12%	22,281	25.36%	2,211	2.52%	41,081	46.76%	87,854
Middlesex	617,196	71.47%	226,956	26.28%	19,425	2.25%	390,240	45.19%	863,577
Nantucket	5,241	71.74%	1,914	26.20%	151	2.06%	3,327	45.54%	7,306
Norfolk	273,312	67.03%	125,294	30.73%	9,145	2.24%	148,018	36.30%	407,751
Plymouth	173,630	57.53%	121,227	40.17%	6,959	2.30%	52,403	17.36%	301,816
Suffolk	270,522	80.64%	58,613	17.47%	6,327	1.89%	211,909	63.17%	335,462
Worcester	248,773	57.58%	171,683	39.74%	11,558	2.68%	77,090	17.84%	432,014
Totals	2,382,202	65.60%	1,167,202	32.14%	81,998	2.26%	1,215,000	33.46%	3,631,402

By congressional district

Biden won all nine congressional districts, breaking 60% of the vote in eight of them.

District	Trump	Biden	Representative
1st	36.9%	61.1%	Richard Neal
2nd	36%	61.8%	Jim McGovern
3rd	34.6%	63.4%	Lori Trahan
4th	33.7%	64.5%	Joe Kennedy III
4th	33.7%	64.5%	Jake Auchincloss
5th	23.9%	74.5%	Katherine Clark
6th	35.6%	62.6%	Seth Moulton
7th	13.3%	85.3%	Ayanna Pressley
8th	32.2%	66.2%	Stephen Lynch
9th	40.3%	57.9%	Bill Keating

Analysis

Massachusetts has been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928, and a Democratic stronghold since 1960, and has maintained extremely large Democratic margins since 1996. This remained true in 2020, with Massachusetts being one of six states (along with Hawaii, Vermont, Maryland, California, and New York) to give Biden over 60% of the vote. Massachusetts is ethnically diverse, highly urbanized, highly educated, and among the least religious states.

Per exit polls by the Associated Press, Biden's strength came from winning 74% of college-educated voters, which carries particular weight in Massachusetts, as the state contains the highest proportion of graduates of any state in the country.^[45] Trump's slip among suburban white voters led Biden to carry almost every municipality in the Greater Boston area by at least 60% or more, while Trump carried only several towns on the South Shore and in Central Massachusetts. Biden won 298 of the 351 municipalities.^[46] Biden swept all demographic groups, garnering 63% of whites, 84% of Latinos, 58% of Catholics, 56% of Protestants, and 86% of Jewish voters. Additionally, Biden won 52% of whites without a college degree within the state, one of Trump's strongest demographics elsewhere in the country.^[45] While Biden overwhelmingly carried Latino voters in the state, Trump improved on his 2016 performance in heavily Hispanic cities such as Lawrence, Chelsea, and Holyoke.^[47] Trump had the worst vote share in Massachusetts of any Republican nominee since Bob Dole in 1996, and slightly underperformed George W. Bush's 32.5% vote share in 2000.

Massachusetts was one of five states in the nation in which Biden's victory margin was larger than 1 million raw votes, the others being California, Maryland, New York and Illinois.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Candidate withdrew after early voting started, but before the date of the election.
^ Excluding write-ins, which were not tallied.
^ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
^ ^a ^b ^c Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
^ "Some other candidate" with 5%; "Refused" with 3%; would not vote with no voters
^ "Other" with 3%; would not vote with 0%
^ "Another candidate" with 2%; "Refused" with 3%
^ "Some other candidate" with 7%; would not vote with 3%
^ Including voters who lean towards a given candidate
^ "Another candidate" with 7%

References

^ "MA SOC Voter Turnout Statistics".
^ "Massachusetts Election Results 2020". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
^ Kelly, Ben (August 13, 2018). "US elections key dates: When are the 2018 midterms and the 2020 presidential campaign?". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
^ "Distribution of Electoral Votes". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
^ Taylor, Kate (February 9, 2019). "Elizabeth Warren Formally Announces 2020 Presidential Bid in Lawrence, Mass". The New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
^ Herndon, Astead W.; Burns, Alexander (December 31, 2018). "Elizabeth Warren Announces Iowa Trip as She Starts Running for President in 2020". The New York Times.
^ "2020 President Democratic Primary". Mass.gov. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
^ "2020 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions: Massachusetts Democrat". Retrieved July 4, 2020.
^ Markos, Mary (November 8, 2018). "Charlie Baker 'absolutely' staying put". Boston Herald. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
^ Burr, Thomas (February 16, 2018). "Mitt Romney: On school shootings, immigration and when he'll challenge Trump. A Q&A with Utah's new Senate candidate". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
^ Heilbrunn, Jacob (January 2, 2018). "Donald Trump's Biggest Fear: A Romney 2020 Primary Challenge". The National Interest. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
^ Keller, Jon (January 2, 2018). "Keller @ Large: Could Romney Be Trump's Worst Nightmare?". WBZ-TV. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
^ "2020 President Republican Primary". Mass.gov. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
^ Sullivan, Max (July 28, 2019). "Seabrook's Abramson seeks Libertarian presidential nomination". The Portsmouth Herald. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Limitone, Julia (June 18, 2019). "Presidential candidate vows to abolish federal government on day 1, then resign". Fox Business. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Clark, Bob (November 12, 2019). "Libertarians Offer Voters Nothing New". Olean Times Herald. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ "Massachusetts Election Statistics: 2020 Libertarian Primary". Massachusetts Secretary of State. March 3, 2020.
^ https://electionstats.state.ma.us/elections/view/135904/^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "2020 POTUS Race ratings" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
^ "POTUS Ratings | Inside Elections". insideelections.com. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
^ "Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2020 President". crystalball.centerforpolitics.org. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
^ "2020 Election Forecast". Politico. November 19, 2019.
^ "Battle for White House". RCP. April 19, 2019.
^ 2020 Bitecofer Model Electoral College Predictions Archived April 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Niskanen Center, March 24, 2020, retrieved: April 19, 2020.
^ David Chalian; Terence Burlij (June 11, 2020). "Road to 270: CNN's debut Electoral College map for 2020". CNN. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
^ "Forecasting the US elections". The Economist. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
^ "2020 Presidential Election Interactive Map". 270 to Win.
^ "ABC News Race Ratings". CBS News. July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
^ "Biden dominates the electoral map, but here's how the race could tighten". NBC News. August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
^ "2020 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ 270 to Win
^ RealClearPolitics
^ FiveThirtyEight
^ MassInc
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e SurveyMonkey/Axios
^ YouGov/UMass Amherst
^ Emerson College/WHDH
^ MassINC/WBUR
^ UMass/YouGov
^ MassINC
^ Emerson College/7 News
^ University of Massachusetts Lowell/YouGov
^ ^a ^b ^c Emerson College Archived April 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
^ "2020 President General Election". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Massachusetts Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
^ "Map: See How Your Town Or City Voted In The 2020 Election". www.wbur.org. November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
^ "One place Trump gained in Mass.: Heavily Latino cities". November 6, 2020.

External links

Government Documents Round Table of the American Library Association, "Massachusetts", Voting & Elections Toolkits
"Massachusetts: Election Tools, Deadlines, Dates, Rules, and Links", Vote.org, Oakland, CA
"League of Women Voters of Massachusetts". (state affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
Massachusetts at Ballotpedia

[WithdrewBeforeST-m-9] Candidate withdrew after early voting started, but before the date of the election.

[15] Excluding write-ins, which were not tallied.

[othercalc-33] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[key-37] Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear

[39] "Some other candidate" with 5%; "Refused" with 3%; would not vote with no voters

[42] "Other" with 3%; would not vote with 0%

[45] "Another candidate" with 2%; "Refused" with 3%

[48] "Some other candidate" with 7%; would not vote with 3%

[50] Including voters who lean towards a given candidate

[52] "Another candidate" with 7%

[1] "MA SOC Voter Turnout Statistics".

[2] "Massachusetts Election Results 2020". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.

[3] Kelly, Ben (August 13, 2018). "US elections key dates: When are the 2018 midterms and the 2020 presidential campaign?". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2019.

[4] "Distribution of Electoral Votes". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved January 3, 2019.

[5] Taylor, Kate (February 9, 2019). "Elizabeth Warren Formally Announces 2020 Presidential Bid in Lawrence, Mass". The New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2019.

[6] Herndon, Astead W.; Burns, Alexander (December 31, 2018). "Elizabeth Warren Announces Iowa Trip as She Starts Running for President in 2020". The New York Times.

[2020_Massachusetts_Democratic_presidential_primary_:0Mass-7] "2020 President Democratic Primary". Mass.gov. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.

[8] "2020 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions: Massachusetts Democrat". Retrieved July 4, 2020.

[10] Markos, Mary (November 8, 2018). "Charlie Baker 'absolutely' staying put". Boston Herald. Retrieved November 9, 2018.

[11] Burr, Thomas (February 16, 2018). "Mitt Romney: On school shootings, immigration and when he'll challenge Trump. A Q&A with Utah's new Senate candidate". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved February 18, 2018.

[12] Heilbrunn, Jacob (January 2, 2018). "Donald Trump's Biggest Fear: A Romney 2020 Primary Challenge". The National Interest. Retrieved January 2, 2018.

[13] Keller, Jon (January 2, 2018). "Keller @ Large: Could Romney Be Trump's Worst Nightmare?". WBZ-TV. Retrieved January 2, 2018.

[2020_Massachusetts_Republican_presidential_primary_MASEC-14] "2020 President Republican Primary". Mass.gov. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.

[16] Sullivan, Max (July 28, 2019). "Seabrook's Abramson seeks Libertarian presidential nomination". The Portsmouth Herald. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2019.

[17] Limitone, Julia (June 18, 2019). "Presidential candidate vows to abolish federal government on day 1, then resign". Fox Business. Retrieved December 22, 2019.

[18] Clark, Bob (November 12, 2019). "Libertarians Offer Voters Nothing New". Olean Times Herald. Retrieved December 22, 2019.

[19] "Massachusetts Election Statistics: 2020 Libertarian Primary". Massachusetts Secretary of State. March 3, 2020.

[20] ttps://electionstats.state.ma.us/elections/view/135904/^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[21] "2020 POTUS Race ratings" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. Retrieved May 21, 2019.

[22] "POTUS Ratings | Inside Elections". insideelections.com. Retrieved May 21, 2019.

[23] "Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2020 President". crystalball.centerforpolitics.org. Retrieved May 21, 2019.

[24] "2020 Election Forecast". Politico. November 19, 2019.

[25] "Battle for White House". RCP. April 19, 2019.

[26] 2020 Bitecofer Model Electoral College Predictions Archived April 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Niskanen Center, March 24, 2020, retrieved: April 19, 2020.

[27] David Chalian; Terence Burlij (June 11, 2020). "Road to 270: CNN's debut Electoral College map for 2020". CNN. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

[28] "Forecasting the US elections". The Economist. Retrieved July 7, 2020.

[29] "2020 Presidential Election Interactive Map". 270 to Win.

[30] "ABC News Race Ratings". CBS News. July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.

[31] "Biden dominates the electoral map, but here's how the race could tighten". NBC News. August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.

[32] "2020 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[34] 270 to Win

[35] RealClearPolitics

[36] FiveThirtyEight

[38] MassInc

[MA-SurveyMonkey/Axios-40] SurveyMonkey/Axios

[41] YouGov/UMass Amherst

[43] Emerson College/WHDH

[44] MassINC/WBUR

[46] UMass/YouGov

[47] MassINC

[49] Emerson College/7 News

[51] University of Massachusetts Lowell/YouGov

[MA-Emerson_College-53] Emerson College Archived April 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine

[54] "2020 President General Election". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Retrieved November 24, 2020.

[:0-55] "Massachusetts Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 9, 2020.

[56] "Map: See How Your Town Or City Voted In The 2020 Election". www.wbur.org. November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.

[57] "One place Trump gained in Mass.: Heavily Latino cities". November 6, 2020.

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