Sepečides Romani

Sepečides
Sepečides
Native to	Greece, Turkey
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Central Zone Romani Balkan Romani Southern Sepečides; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	sepe1242

Sepečides Romani, also known as Sevlengere Roma (lit. 'basket-weaving Roma'),^[1] is the Romani dialect of the traditionally basketweaving Roma originally from Thessaloniki. Their ancestors lived there as nomads during the Ottoman Empire until the population exchange between Greece and Turkey.^[2]^[3] The Sepečides dialect is considered to be non-Vlax.^[4] It belongs to the Southern Balkan group of Romani dialects,^[5] although the RomArchive claims the language is practically extinct.^[6]

The dialect has many Greek and Turkish loanwords.^[7] The loanword verb markers in Romani "are often Greek derived markers, maintained even when contact with Greek has ceased."^[8] Linguist Petra Cech published a monograph codifying this dialect in 1996.^[9] Many of the Sepečides from Greece live in Izmir, where their descendants speak only Turkish.^[10]

Origin

The Sepečides Roma people of İzmir are of Greek/Turkish origin.^[4] Genetic research clearly shows that the Early Romani originated in the Indian subcontinent.^[11]^[12] Up until about 1920 the traditional profession of these Roma people was the making and selling of baskets. According to the Rombase of the University of Graz, "they all spoke Greek, some of them also Turkish, fluently."^[13]^[14] The Sevlengere Roma people lived in communities in Greece (primarily in the Chalkidike peninsula) and later in Turkey. They share a linguistic variation of Balkan Romani.^[15]

During the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Christian and Greek Sepečides remained in Greece, as did the Muslims who adopted the Orthodox religion; those who remained Muslim went to Turkey. Many of the families that left Saloniki but remained in Greece settled in the Volos area and became Greek Orthodox. The children of these families speak Romani as their first language, followed by Greek. The others who were more inclined towards Turkish and the Muslim religion and who moved to Turkey speak only Turkish as their mother tongue. Some of the old settlements where they once lived include Tralangere (Trala, a village near Saloniki) and Kardičakere (also known as Karditsa, in northern Greece).^[4] In 1920, migrants wishing to avoid the Greco-Turkish War presented themselves as either Greeks or Turks and alternated between using two flags to identify themselves.^[5]

Greece

The Sepečides Romani who were Greek or converted to the Greek Orthodox faith and remained in Greece after 1923 moved south to settle in Volos.^[16] Their families primarily speak a Greek dialect with some Turkish words. These Romani tend to call themselves Sevlengere Roma.^[4] The younger generation's first language is Romani, followed by Greek.^[4] The Sevlengere on the island of Skyros are Greek Roma or are the descendants of the Muslim Roma who stayed and converted to Orthodox Christianity. Some of the Orthodox Sevlengere also settled in Volax.^[17] The Sepečides who remained in Greece at Volos took up the additional profession of carpet trade, unlike their Roma relatives in Izmir.^[4]

Turkey

In Menemen, some Sepečides still make baskets.^[18] In Anamur,^[19] Edremit, Düzce and Kozan,^[20] the descendants of the Sepečides also weave baskets.^[21]^[22]^[23] Some settled in East Thrace and Evreşe at Gelibolu after 1923 and still make baskets.^[24] Some descendants of the former Sepetçiler (lit. 'basketmakers') in Istanbul became flower sellers^[25] or musicians.^[26] A group of Sepetçiler settled in the 1950s in Söke where they still weave baskets.^[27] Some words and phrases from the old Sepečides dialect survived, but their main language is now Turkish.^[28]

References

^ "Romani Dialect Sampler". Romani Humanities,Manchester UK. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
^ "Basket Weavers [Rombase]".
^ "Cerhara / Čergarja".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Sepečides" (PDF). Rombase.uni-graz.at. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b "ROMLEX: Romani Dialects". Romani.uni-graz.at. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
^ "Sepečides / Sevlengere Roma". Romarchive.eu. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
^ Cech, Petra; Heinschink, Mozes F. (1996). Sepecides- romani. LINCOM Europa. ISBN 9783895860362. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ Adamou, Evangelia (April 2010). "Bilingual speech and language ecology in Greek Thrace: Romani and Pomak in contact with Turkish". Language in Society. 39 (2): 147–171. doi:10.1017/S0047404510000035. JSTOR 40606075. S2CID 145108822. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
^ "Petra Cech". Romarchive.eu. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
^ "Geschichte" (PDF). Rombase.uni-graz.at. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ Bánfai, Zsolt; Melegh, Béla I.; Sümegi, Katalin; Hadzsiev, Kinga; Miseta, Attila; Kásler, Miklós; Melegh, Béla (13 June 2019). "Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area". Frontiers in Genetics. 10: 558. doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00558. PMC 6585392. PMID 31263480.
^ Nelson, Dean (3 December 2012). "European Roma descended from Indian 'untouchables', genetic study shows". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ "Basket Weavers [Rombase]". Rombase.uni-graz.at. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ "From Hand to Hand – Stories about craftsmansship in Greece today". From-hand-to-hand.org. 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
^ "Sepečides / Sevlengere Roma". Romarchive.eu. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
^ "Roma traditional craft: basket weaving — Правозахисний фонд "Розвиток"". Rozvitok.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ "The Lost Art of Traditional Basket Weaving in Greece". Greekreporter.com. 24 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ "Menemen'de Tarihten Bir Yaprak Menemen'de Kelterci-Sepetçinin Keyfi Kaçtı". Menmeninsesi.com.tr. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
^ "GÜNÜN ZORU: Kamıştan sepet yapan Roman kadınların elleri". Ekmekvegul.net. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
^ "Adana'da Romanların sepetleri ekonomiye kazandırıldı". Ensonhaber.com. 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
^ "Edremit'te sepetçilik yeniden canlanıyor".
^ "Baba mesleği sepetçiliği yaşatmaya çalışıyor".
^ "Sepetçiler ata mesleğini devam ettirme çabasında". Aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ "Vertreibung und Abwanderung der Muslime vom Balkan". Ieg-ego.eu. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ Özateşler, Gül (2014). "Gypsies in the economy of Turkey: A focus on Gypsy flower sellers in two central districts of İstanbul". New Perspectives on Turkey. 51: 123–146. doi:10.1017/S0896634600006749. S2CID 148240895.
^ "Clarinet Genius Cüneyt Sepetçi: From Weddings to World Music". Renk-magazin.de. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022.
^ Polat, Ceren (May 2021). "'Sepetçi romanlarının' sosyo-kültürel yapıları üzerine sosyolojik bir araştırma: Söke örneği".
^ "'SEPETÇĠ ROMANLARININ' SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YAPILARI ÜZERĠNE SOSYOLOJĠK BĠR ARAġTIRMA: SÖKE ÖRNEĞĠ" (PDF). Acikerisim.pau.edu.tr. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[Romani_humanities-1] "Romani Dialect Sampler". Romani Humanities,Manchester UK. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

[2] "Basket Weavers [Rombase]".

[3] "Cerhara / Čergarja".

[Graz-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Sepečides" (PDF). Rombase.uni-graz.at. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[romani.uni-graz.at-5] "ROMLEX: Romani Dialects". Romani.uni-graz.at. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.

[RomArchive-6] "Sepečides / Sevlengere Roma". Romarchive.eu. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2021-11-28.

[Cech-7] Cech, Petra; Heinschink, Mozes F. (1996). Sepecides- romani. LINCOM Europa. ISBN 9783895860362. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[Adamou-8] Adamou, Evangelia (April 2010). "Bilingual speech and language ecology in Greek Thrace: Romani and Pomak in contact with Turkish". Language in Society. 39 (2): 147–171. doi:10.1017/S0047404510000035. JSTOR 40606075. S2CID 145108822. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

[RomArchive2-9] "Petra Cech". Romarchive.eu. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.

[10] "Geschichte" (PDF). Rombase.uni-graz.at. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[11] Bánfai, Zsolt; Melegh, Béla I.; Sümegi, Katalin; Hadzsiev, Kinga; Miseta, Attila; Kásler, Miklós; Melegh, Béla (13 June 2019). "Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area". Frontiers in Genetics. 10: 558. doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00558. PMC 6585392. PMID 31263480.

[12] Nelson, Dean (3 December 2012). "European Roma descended from Indian 'untouchables', genetic study shows". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

[13] "Basket Weavers [Rombase]". Rombase.uni-graz.at. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[auto-14] "From Hand to Hand – Stories about craftsmansship in Greece today". From-hand-to-hand.org. 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

[15] "Sepečides / Sevlengere Roma". Romarchive.eu. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

[16] "Roma traditional craft: basket weaving — Правозахисний фонд "Розвиток"". Rozvitok.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[17] "The Lost Art of Traditional Basket Weaving in Greece". Greekreporter.com. 24 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[18] "Menemen'de Tarihten Bir Yaprak Menemen'de Kelterci-Sepetçinin Keyfi Kaçtı". Menmeninsesi.com.tr. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.

[19] "GÜNÜN ZORU: Kamıştan sepet yapan Roman kadınların elleri". Ekmekvegul.net. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.

[20] "Adana'da Romanların sepetleri ekonomiye kazandırıldı". Ensonhaber.com. 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.

[21] "Edremit'te sepetçilik yeniden canlanıyor".

[22] "Baba mesleği sepetçiliği yaşatmaya çalışıyor".

[23] "Sepetçiler ata mesleğini devam ettirme çabasında". Aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[24] "Vertreibung und Abwanderung der Muslime vom Balkan". Ieg-ego.eu. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

[25] Özateşler, Gül (2014). "Gypsies in the economy of Turkey: A focus on Gypsy flower sellers in two central districts of İstanbul". New Perspectives on Turkey. 51: 123–146. doi:10.1017/S0896634600006749. S2CID 148240895.

[26] "Clarinet Genius Cüneyt Sepetçi: From Weddings to World Music". Renk-magazin.de. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022.

[27] Polat, Ceren (May 2021). "'Sepetçi romanlarının' sosyo-kültürel yapıları üzerine sosyolojik bir araştırma: Söke örneği".

[28] "'SEPETÇĠ ROMANLARININ' SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YAPILARI ÜZERĠNE SOSYOLOJĠK BĠR ARAġTIRMA: SÖKE ÖRNEĞĠ" (PDF). Acikerisim.pau.edu.tr. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.

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Sepečides Romani

Origin

Greece

Turkey

See also

References

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