Simple living refers to practices that promote simplicity in one's lifestyle. Common practices of simple living include reducing the number of possessions one owns, depending less on technology and services, and spending less money.[1][2] In addition to such external changes, simple living also reflects a person's mindset and values.[3] Simple living practices can be seen in history, religion, art, and economics.
A number of religious and spiritual traditions encourage simple living.[6] Early examples include the Śramaṇa traditions of Iron Age India and biblical Nazirites. More formal traditions of simple living stretch back to antiquity, originating with religious and philosophical leaders such as Jesus, Lao Tzu, Confucius, Zarathustra, Gautama Buddha, and Muhammad.[citation needed] These traditions were heavily influenced by both national cultures and religious ethics.[7][page needed] Simplicity was one of the primary concepts espoused by Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism. This is most embodied in the principles of Pu and Ziran.[8][full citation needed] Confucius has been quoted numerous times as promoting simple living.[9][10][full citation needed]
Jesus is said to have lived a simple life. He is said to have encouraged his disciples "to take nothing for their journey except a staff—no bread, no bag, no money in their belts—but to wear sandals and not put on two tunics".[13] He also told his disciples that they cannot serve God and money at the same time, and explained that God is capable of providing them with the essentials for life (food and clothing), so long as they "seek his kingdom first".[14]The Apostle Paul taught that people should be content with food and clothing, and that the desire to be rich is the cause of many kinds of evils.[15]
The 18th-century French Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau strongly praised the simple way of life in many of his writings, especially in two books: Discourse on the Arts and Sciences (1750) and Discourse on Inequality (1754).[24]
Secular and political
Epicureanism, based on the teachings of the Athens-based philosopherEpicurus, flourished from about the fourth century BCE to the third century CE. Epicureanism held that the paradigm of happiness was the untroubled life, which was made possible by carefully considered choices. Epicurus pointed out that troubles entailed by maintaining an extravagant lifestyle tend to outweigh the pleasures of partaking in it. He therefore concluded that what is necessary for happiness, bodily comfort, and life itself should be maintained at minimal cost, while all things beyond what is necessary for these should either be tempered by moderation or completely avoided.[25]
Henry David Thoreau, an American naturalist and author, made the classic secular advocacy of a life of simple and sustainable living in his book Walden (1854). Thoreau conducted a two-year experiment living a plain and simple life on the shores of Walden Pond. He concluded: "Our life is frittered away by detail. Simplify, simplify, simplify! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumb-nail."[26]
In Victorian Britain, Henry Stephens Salt, an admirer of Thoreau, popularised the idea of "Simplification, the saner method of living".[27]: 22 Other British advocates of the simple life included Edward Carpenter, William Morris, and the members of the "Fellowship of the New Life".[27]: 27–28 Carpenter popularised the phrase the "Simple Life" in his essay Simplification of Life in his England's Ideal (1887).[28]
The Australian academic Ted Trainer practices and writes about simplicity, and established The Simplicity Institute[33] at Pigface Point, some 20 km (12 mi) from the University of New South Wales to which it is attached.[34] A secular set of nine values was developed with the Ethify Yourself project in Austria, having a simplified life style in mind. In the United States voluntary simplicity started to garner more public exposure through a movement in the late 1990s around a popular "simplicity" book, The Simple Living Guide by Janet Luhrs.[35] Around the same time, minimalism (a similar movement) started to feature in the public eye.[citation needed]
Changing mindset
Danny Dover, author of The Minimalist Mindset, says implementing and acting on ideas makes those ideas habitual, allowing a change in mindset.[36] Leo Babauta believes finding beauty and joy in less is what "more is better" advocates fail to do. Minimalists prefer quality over quantity.[37] They emphasize that we should value things that make us happy and are essential to us, rather than value the idea of just having things to have.[38]
This mindset has spread among many individuals due to the influence of other people living this lifestyle. The benefits of this lifestyle include more freedom, more time, more pleasure, more life value, and a healthier and greener way of life.[38]
Practices
Reducing consumption, work time, and possessions
Some people practice simple living by reducing their consumption. Lowering consumption can reduce individual debt, which allows for greater flexibility and simplicity in one's life. If one spends less on goods or services, one needs to spend less time earning money. The time saved may be used to pursue other interests, to help others through volunteering, or to improve their quality of life, for example by pursuing creative activities. Developing a detachment from the pursuit of money has led some individuals, such as Suelo and Mark Boyle, to live with no money at all.[39] People who reduce their expenses can also increase their savings, which can lead to financial independence and the possibility of early retirement.[40]
You have succeeded in life when all you really want is only what you really need.[2]
The "100 Thing Challenge" is a grassroots movement to whittle down personal possessions to one hundred items, with the aim of de-cluttering and simplifying life.[41] People in the tiny house movement chose to live in small, mortgage-free, low-impact dwellings, such as log cabins or beach huts.[42]
Joshua Becker suggests that people who desire to simplify their lives begin by simplifying their homes.[43]
Increasing self-sufficiency
One way to simplify life is to get back-to-the-land and grow your own food. Increased self-sufficiency reduces dependency on money and the broader economy.[44]Tom Hodgkinson believes the key to a free and simple life is to stop consuming and start producing.[45] Writer and eco-blogger Jennifer Nini left the city to live off-grid, grow food, and "be a part of the solution; not part of the problem."[46]
Forest gardening, developed by simple living adherent Robert Hart, is a low-maintenance, plant-based food production system based on woodland ecosystems. It incorporates fruit and nut trees, shrubs, herbs, vines, and perennial vegetables.[47]: 97 Hart created a model forest garden from a 0.12 acres (490 m2) orchard on his farm at Wenlock Edge in Shropshire.[47]: 45
"Food miles" is a description of the number of miles a given item of food or its ingredients has travelled between the farm and the table. Simple living advocates use this metric to argue for locally grown food, for example in books like The 100-Mile Diet and Barbara Kingsolver's Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life. In each of those cases, the authors devoted a year to reducing their carbon footprint by eating locally.[48]
City dwellers can produce home-grown fruit and vegetables in pot gardens or miniature indoor greenhouses. Tomatoes, lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard, peas, strawberries, and several types of herbs can all thrive in pots. Jim Merkel says "A person could sprout seeds. They are tasty, incredibly nutritious, and easy to grow... We grow them in wide-mouthed mason jars with a square of nylon window screen screwed under a metal ring".[49]
The do it yourself ethic refers to the principle of undertaking necessary tasks oneself rather than having others, who are more skilled or experienced, complete them for you.
Reconsidering technology
People who practice simple living have diverse views on the role of technology. The American political activist Scott Nearing was skeptical about how humanity would use new technology, citing destructive inventions such as nuclear weapons.[50] Those who eschew modern technology are often referred to as Luddites or neo-Luddites.[51] Although simple living is often a secular pursuit, it may still involve reconsidering appropriate technology as Anabaptist groups such as the Amish or Mennonites have done.
Technology can make a simple lifestyle within mainstream culture easier and more sustainable. The internet can reduce an individual's carbon footprint through remote work and lower paper usage. Some have calculated their energy consumption to show that one can live simply and in a satisfying way by using much less energy than is typically used in Western countries.[52] Technologies they may embrace include computers, photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and water turbines.
Technological interventions that appear to simplify living may actually induce side effects elsewhere or in the future. Evgeny Morozov warns that tools like the internet can facilitate mass surveillance and political repression.[53] The book Green Illusions identifies how wind and solar energy technologies have hidden side effects and can actually increase energy consumption and entrench environmental harms over time.[54] The authors of the book Techno-Fix criticize technological optimists for overlooking the limitations of technology in solving agricultural problems.[55]
Advertising is criticised for encouraging a consumerist mentality. Many advocates of simple living agree that cutting out, or cutting down on, television viewing is a key ingredient in simple living.[citation needed]
Simplifying diet
In contrast to diets like vegetarianism, a simplified diet focuses on principles rather than a set of rules. People may use less sophisticated and cheaper ingredients, and eat dishes considered as "comfort food", including home-cooked dishes. Simple diets are usually considered to be "healthy", since they include a significant amount of fruit and vegetables.[56] A simple diet usually avoids highly processed foods and fast-food eating.[57][verification needed] Simplicity may also entail taking time to be present while eating, such as by following rituals, avoiding multitasking when eating, and putting time aside to consume food mindfully and gratefully, potentially in the company of others.[58][verification needed] Moreover, it is common to cook one's own food, by following simple recipes that are not particularly time consuming, in an attempt to reduce the amount of energy necessary for cooking.[59][verification needed]
A simple diet looks different from person to person and can be adapted to suit individual needs and desires. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the Movement for Compassionate Living was formed by Kathleen and Jack Jannaway in 1984 to spread the message of veganism and promote simple living and self-reliance as a remedy against the exploitation of humans, animals, and the planet.
Environmentalism is inspired by simple living, as harmony with nature is intrinsically dependent on a simple lifestyle.[according to whom?] For example, Green parties often advocate simple living as a consequence of their "four pillars" or the "Ten Key Values" of the Green Party of the United States. This includes, in policy terms, their rejection of genetic engineering and nuclear power and other technologies they consider to be hazardous. The Greens' support for simplicity is based on the reduction in natural resource usage and environmental impact.[4] This concept is expressed in Ernest Callenbach's "green triangle" of ecology, frugality, and health.
If economic growth leads to war in the pursuit of control and exploitation of natural and human resources, those who oppose war have an additional reason to consider a simple living lifestyle.
Opposition to war has led peace activists, such as Ammon Hennacy and Ellen Thomas, to a form of tax resistance in which they reduce their income below the tax threshold by taking up a simple living lifestyle.[5][61] These individuals believe that their government is engaged in immoral, unethical, or destructive activities such as war, and that if they were to pay taxes they would fund such activities.[5]
Arts
The term "bohemianism" describes a tradition of both voluntary and involuntary poverty by artists who devote their time to artistic endeavors rather than paid labor. The term was coined by the French bourgeoisie as a way to describe social non-conformists.[62] Bohemians sometimes also expressed their unorthodoxy through simplistic art, for instance in the case of Amedeo Modigliani.[63] Minimalistic art inspired "rebel" artistic movements into the 20th century.[62]
David Wann introduced the idea of "simple prosperity" as it applies to a sustainable lifestyle. From his point of view, "it is important to ask ourselves three fundamental questions: what is the point of all our commuting and consuming? What is the economy for? And, finally, why do we seem to be unhappier now than when we began our initial pursuit for rich abundance?"[67][page needed]
James Robertson's A New Economics of Sustainable Development[66] inspired work of thinkers and activists who participate in his Working for a Sane Alternative network and program. According to Robertson, the shift to sustainability is likely to require a widespread shift of emphasis from raising incomes to reducing costs.
The principles of the new economics, as set out by Robertson, are the following:[68]
systematic empowerment of people (as opposed to making and keeping them dependent), as the basis for people-centred development
evolution from a "wealth of nations" model of economic life to a one-world model, and from today's inter-national economy to an ecologically sustainable, decentralising, multi-level one-world economic system
restoration of political and ethical factors to a central place in economic life and thought
respect for qualitative values, not just quantitative values
^Linda Breen Pierce (2000). Choosing Simplicity. Gallagher Press. p. 304. ISBN978-0967206714. Rather than being consumed by materialism, we choose to surround ourselves with only those material possessions we truly need or genuinely cherish
Powys, John Cowper (1933). A Philosophy of Solitude. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
See also Goodway, David (2006). Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow. Liverpool. pp. 48–49, 174, for Goodway's comparison of Powys' ideas of the Simple Life to Carpenter's.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^Hardy, Dennis. Utopian England: Community Experiments 1900–1945. p. 42. Hardy's book details other simple living movements in the U.K. in this period.
^Huesemann, Michael H.; Huesemann, Joyce A. (2011). Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers. ISBN978-0865717046.
Fisker, Jacob Lund (2010). Early Retirement Extreme: A philosophical and practical guide to financial independence. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN978-1453601211.
Freed, Dolly (2010) [1978]. Possum Living: How to Live Well Without a Job and with (Almost) No Money. Tin House Books. ISBN978-0982053935.
Long, Charles (1996) [1986]. How to Survive Without a Salary: Living the Conserver Lifestyle. Warwick. ISBN1894622375.
Luhrs, Janet (1997). The Simple Living Guide: A Sourcebook for Less Stressful, More Joyful Living. Harmony/Rodale. ISBN0553067966.
Mills, Stephanie (2002). Epicurean Simplicity. Island Press. ISBN978-1559636896.
Nearing, Helen; Nearing, Scott (1970). The Good Life: Helen and Scott Nearing's Sixty Years of Self-Sufficient Living. Schocken.
Robin, Vicki; Dominguez, Joe (1992). Your Money or Your Life. Viking. Robin, Vicki; Tilford, Monique; Zaifman, Mark (2008). Your Money or Your Life: Revised and Updated for the 21st Century. Penguin Books.
Romney, Edward (2001) [1992]. Living Well on Practically Nothing. Paladin Press. ISBN1581602820.
Taylor-Hough, Deborah (2000). A Simple Choice: A practical guide for saving your time, money and sanity. SourceBooks. ISBN1891400495.
PT Kino Indonesia TbkJenisPublikKode emitenIDX: KINOIndustriProduk konsumenDidirikan19918 Februari 1999 (PT Kino Indonesia Tbk)PendiriHarry SanusiKantorpusatAlam Sutera, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, IndonesiaWilayah operasiAsia Pasifik, Afrika, Eropa Timur dan Amerika SelatanProdukPerawatan Pribadi Minuman Makanan FarmasiKaryawan±4.000 orangSitus webwww.kino.co.id PT Kino Indonesia Tbk merupakan salah satu perusahaan consumer goods yang telah diakui di Indonesia dan juga mancanegara dengan lingku…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. George B. FrenchLahir(1883-04-14)14 April 1883Storm Lake, Iowa, Amerika SerikatMeninggal9 Juni 1961(1961-06-09) (umur 78)Hollywood, California, Amerika SerikatTahun aktif1915-1943 George B. French (14 April 1883 – 9 Juni 1961) a…
Bagian depan Gereja de San Pablo, Valladolid. Pintu masuk Kapel Kerajaan Granada. Bagian muka Sekolah de San Gregorio, Valladolid Biara San Juan de los Reyes, Toledo Sisi muka Gereja de Santa María la Real di Aranda de Duero Gaya Isabelin, juga disebut Gotik Isabelin (dalam bahasa Spanyol, Gótico Isabelino), atau Gotik akhir Kastilia, adalah gaya arsitektur dominan dari Kerajaan Kastila dan León pada masa pemerintahan Monarki Katolik (akhir abad ke-15 hingga awal abad ke-16). Emile Bertaux me…
انفانتا أنتونيا من البرتغال (بالبرتغالية: Antonia Maria de Bragança e Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha, Infanta de Portugal; Antonia Maria Fernanda Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Francisca de Assis Ana Gonzaga Silveria Julia Augusta de Bragança e Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 فبراير 1845[1] لشبونة، وقصر بيليم الوفاة 27 ديسمبر 1913 (68 سنة) زيغمارينغن&…
Saya Suka Kamu PunyaSutradaraTommy BurnamaProduserRam SorayaDitulis olehDonoBaron AchmadiPemeranWarkop DKI (Dono, Kasino, Indro)Didik MangkuprojoWenny RosalineDoyok SudarmadjiDelvi Alwan HalimNyoman Ayu LenoraDudung SrimulatGino MakasutjiEnny CherlisSimon PSDistributorSoraya Intercine FilmsTanggal rilis5 Mei 1988Durasi88 menitNegaraIndonesiaPrekuelDepan Bisa Belakang BisaSekuelJodoh Boleh Diatur Saya Suka Kamu Punya adalah film drama komedi Indonesia yang dirilis dan diproduksi pada tanggal 5 Me…
Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ранне…
Shkodran Mustafi Mustafi nel 2018. Nazionalità Germania Altezza 184 cm Peso 82 kg Calcio Ruolo Difensore Squadra svincolato Carriera Giovanili 2006-2009 Amburgo Squadre di club1 2009-2012 Everton0 (0)2012-2014 Sampdoria51 (1)2014-2016 Valencia64 (6)2016-2021 Arsenal102 (7)2021 Schalke 0413 (1)2021-2023 Levante14 (2) Nazionale 2007-2008 Germania U-165 (0)2008-2009 Germania U-1724 (5)2009-2010 Germania U-186 (1)2010-2011 Germania U-199 (2)2011-2013 Germani…
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …
Dialect of Wu ChineseNingbo dialectYong-Jiang寧波閒話Pronunciationɲìɲ.pɐ́u.ɛ́.ó~ɲìɲ.póʔ.ɛ́.óNative toPeople's Republic of ChinaRegionNingbo & Zhoushan, Zhejiang provinceEthnicityNingbo people (Han Chinese)Language familySino-Tibetan SiniticChineseWuTaihuNingbo dialectLanguage codesISO 639-3–Glottologning1280Linguasphere79-AAA-dbf (also 79-AAA-dbg on Zhoushan archipelago) Bible in Ningbo Romanised (Genesis), published by the British and Foreign Bible Society. The Ni…
HMAS Tobruk di Fleet Base East pada 2013HMAS Tobruk (L 50) adalah sebuah kapal perang dari Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Australia, yang berdasarkan pada rancangan kapal pendaratan logistik kelas Round Table dari Royal Fleet Auxiliary Britania Raya. Perencanaan kapal tersebut dimulai pada 1970 untuk diberikan kepada Angkatan Bersenjata Australia Referensi Buku Doolan, Ken (2007). HMAS Tobruk: Warship for Every Crisis. Queanbeyan: Grinkle Press. ISBN 978-0-9802821-0-8. OCLC 225713122. Gi…
Pushpesh Pantdi Festival Sastra Gujarat Ahmedabad pada 16 Desember 2016Lahir1946 (umur 77–78)Mukteshwar, UttarakhandKebangsaanIndiaPekerjaanakademisi, kritikus makanan, sejarawan makananDikenal atasIndia: The Cookbook (2011)Penghargaan Padma Shri (2016) Tanda tangan Pushpesh Pant (kelahiran 1946) adalah seorang akademisi, kritikus dan sejarawan makanan India terkenal.[1] Ia pensiun dari jabaan profesor hubungan internasional dari Universitas Jawaharlal Nehru, Delhi.[2]…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’archéologie et l’Italie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Temple d'Isis. Temple d'IsisLa façade du temple.PrésentationPartie de Pompeii Regio VIII Insula 7 (d), aéroport de Port Moresby-JacksonsCivilisation SamnitesDestination initiale TempleDestination actuelle RuinePatrimonialité Bien culturel italien (d)Site web (i…
ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Ни…
William GilbertWilliam GilbertBiographieNaissance 24 mai 1544ColchesterDécès 30 novembre 1603 (à 59 ans)LondresFormation St John's CollegeActivités Philosophe, physicien, astronome, ingénieur, médecin, naturalistePère Jerome Gilberd (d)Mère Jane Wingfield (d)Fratrie William Gilbert (d)modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata William Gilbert (ou William Gylberde), né le 24 mai 1544, à Colchester, en Angleterre, mort de la peste bubonique le 30 novembre 1603 (10 décembre dan…
American neuroscientist and professional wrestler This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.…
KailashStato Cina ProvinciaRegione Autonoma del Tibet Altezza6 638 m s.l.m. Prominenza1 319 m CatenaHimalaya Coordinate31°04′01″N 81°18′46″E / 31.066944°N 81.312778°E31.066944; 81.312778Coordinate: 31°04′01″N 81°18′46″E / 31.066944°N 81.312778°E31.066944; 81.312778 Altri nomi e significatiKangrinboqê, o Gang Rinpoche;कैलाश पर्वत, ossia Kailāsa Parvata;冈仁波齐峰, ossia Gāngrénbōqí fēn…