Solar power in Vermont

Solar power in Vermont provides almost 11% of the state's in-state electricity production as of 2018.^[1] A 2009 study indicated that distributed solar on rooftops can provide 18% of all electricity used in Vermont.^[2] A 2012 estimate suggests that a typical 5 kW system costing $25,000 before credits and utility savings will pay for itself in 10 years, and generate a profit of $34,956 over the rest of its 25-year life.^[3]

Net metering is available for up to at least 500 kW generation, but is capped at 15% of utilities peak demand. Excess generation is rolled over each month but is lost once each year. Group net metering is also allowed.^[4] Vermont is given an A for net metering and a C for interconnection.^[5] A feed-in tariff was created in 2009, but is limited to 50 MW and is fully subscribed. The cap increases by 5 to 10 MW/year starting in 2013 until it reaches 127.5 MW in 2022. It is available for solar, wind, methane, and biomass.^[6]^[7] Seven solar projects are receiving payments, of $0.30/kWh, for 25 years.^[8]

Installed capacity

Grid-Connected PV Capacity (MW)^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]
Year	Capacity	Change	% Change
2007	0.7	0.2	40%
2008	1.1	0.4	57%
2009	1.7	0.6	55%
2010	3.9	2.2	129%
2011	11.7	7.8	200%
2012	28.0	16.3	139%
2013	41.5	13.6	49%
2014	64	22.5	54%
2015	107	43	67%
2016	185	78	73%
2017	220	35	19%
2018	302	82	37%
2019	355	53	18%
2020	379	24	7%
2021	397.6	18.6	%
2022	417	19.4	%

Solar farms

Source: NREL^[19]

In 2012, Vermont had five solar arrays of at least 1 MW, the 2.2 MW SunGen Sharon 1 in Sharon.^[20] the 2.1 MW concentrating photovoltaics array installed in July 2011 in South Burlington,^[21]^[22] the 1.5 MW photovoltaic array also in South Burlington installed in October 2011,^[23] the 1 MW photovoltaic array in Ferrisburgh,^[24] and the 2 MW Williamstown Solar Project.^[25]

As of 2019, Green Mountain Power (GMP) has further constructed several solar arrays as large as 5 MW.^[26] In 2015, the 20 MW Coolidge solar farm near Ludlow was opposed by GMP, which claimed that there was no need for such utility-scale solar in the state.^[27] The farm was completed by NextEra Energy at the end of 2018.^[28]

Generation

Using data available from the U.S. Energy Information Agency's Electric Power Annual 2017^[29] and "Electric Power Monthly Data Browser",^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33] the following table summarizes Vermonts’s solar energy posture.

Solar-electric generation in Vermont
Year	Facilities	Summer capacity (MW)	Electric energy (GWh or M kWh)	Capacity factor	Yearly growth of generating capacity	Yearly growth of produced energy	% of VT renewable electric energy	% of VT generated electric energy	% of U.S. Solar electric energy
2018	34	98.7	143	0.165	33%	44.4%	6.09%	6.07%	0.27%
2017	31	74.2	99	0.152	13%	67.8%	4.64%	4.62%	0.19%
2016		65.7	59	0.103	118%	23%	3.10%	3.08%	0.16%
2015		32.4	48	0.169	7%	100%	2.4%	2.42%	0.19%
2014		30.2	24	.091		41%	2.10%	0.34%	0.13%

Capacity factor for each year was computed from the end-of-year summer capacity. 2017 data is from Electric Power Monthly and is subject to change.

A small-scale 15KW installation at a homestead in middle Vermont generated 19,480 kWh of electrical energy at a Capacity Factor of 0.15. The homestead was sending energy to the utility when it was produced and taking energy from the utility when needed. Overall, the homestead consumed 80% of its generation and sold the remaining 20% to the utility. The generation profile is shown in the chart.

Beginning with the 2014 data year, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) has estimated the distributed solar-photovoltaic generation and distributed solar-photovoltaic capacity.^[34] These non-utility-scale appraisals evaluate that Vermont generated the following amounts of additional solar energy:

**Estimated distributed solar electric generation in Vermont**^[35]^[36]
Year	Summer capacity (MW)	Electric energy (GWh or M kWh)
2018	102.3	130
2017	90.3	111
2016	59.8	76
2015	49.9	48
2014	27.9	33

References

^ "Solar Spotlight - Vermont" (PDF). www.seia.org. June 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
^ Witkin, Jim (October 30, 2009). "Report Argues for a Decentralized System of Renewable Power Generation". Green Blog.
^ "Guide to Vermont Home Solar Incentives, Rebates, and Tax Credits". Solar Power Rocks.
^ Vermont Net Metering Archived 2012-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
^ Freeing the grid Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ Standard Offer Program Archived 2012-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ Standard Offer for Qualifying SPEED Resources Archived 2012-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ Monthly Production Archived 2012-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ Sherwood, Larry (August 2012). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2011" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
^ Sherwood, Larry (June 2011). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2010" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Retrieved June 29, 2011.
^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2010). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2009" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2009). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2008" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
^ Sherwood, Larry (August 2008). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2007" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ US Solar Market Insight Report Archived 2012-04-18 at the Wayback Machine
^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2009). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2008" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2012). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2012" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). p. 16. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2014). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2013" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Retrieved September 26, 2014.
^ "Vermont Solar" SEIA
^ "PV Watts". NREL. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
^ "Talmage Solar Engineering, Inc. Unveils Largest Smart Array in North America". Business Wire. July 31, 2012.
^ Griset, Todd (July 28, 2011). "Vermont's largest solar array compared to California's". Energy Policy Update.
^ "Site #316 Production Report | AllEarth Renewables Energy Production Report". www.allearthrenewables.com.
^ "Military Invests in Solar at Vermont National Guard Base". Archived from the original on July 26, 2012.
^ "Ferrisburgh Solar Farm". Archived from the original on March 27, 2012.
^ "Williamstown solar array to be among state's biggest". Rutland Herald. July 31, 2012. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.
^ Bill Opalka (January 28, 2019). "Vermont solar storage projects aim to lower costs during peak demand". Vermont Journal.
^ Polhamus, Mike (December 6, 2015). "20-megawatt solar project needed, developers' report says". VTDigger.
^ Sharon Huntley (October 17, 2018). "Coolidge Solar Project on schedule and expected to go live in December". Vermont Journal.
^ "Electric Power Annual State Data". 1990-2017 Existing Name Plate and Summer Capacity by Energy Source and State. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
^ "Table 1.17B". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
^ "Report 1.14". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
^ "Report 1.13". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
^ "Report 1.6". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
^ "Electric Power Annual". Retrieved June 17, 2017.
^ "Electric Power Monthly (February 2018 with data for December 2017) - Table 1.17.B. Net Generation from Solar Photovoltaic" (PDF). Electric Power Monthly. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
^ "Electric Power Monthly (February 2018 with data for December 2017) - Table 6.2.B. Net Capacity from Solar Photovoltaic" (PDF). Electric Power Monthly. Retrieved July 27, 2018.

External links

Incentives and policies

[1] "Solar Spotlight - Vermont" (PDF). www.seia.org. June 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.

[2] Witkin, Jim (October 30, 2009). "Report Argues for a Decentralized System of Renewable Power Generation". Green Blog.

[3] "Guide to Vermont Home Solar Incentives, Rebates, and Tax Credits". Solar Power Rocks.

[4] Vermont Net Metering Archived 2012-05-10 at the Wayback Machine

[5] Freeing the grid Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine

[6] Standard Offer Program Archived 2012-07-27 at the Wayback Machine

[7] Standard Offer for Qualifying SPEED Resources Archived 2012-05-27 at the Wayback Machine

[production-8] Monthly Production Archived 2012-07-27 at the Wayback Machine

[9] Sherwood, Larry (August 2012). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2011" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.

[10] Sherwood, Larry (June 2011). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2010" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Retrieved June 29, 2011.

[11] Sherwood, Larry (July 2010). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2009" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.

[12] Sherwood, Larry (July 2009). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2008" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2010.

[13] Sherwood, Larry (August 2008). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2007" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}

[14] US Solar Market Insight Report Archived 2012-04-18 at the Wayback Machine

[15] Sherwood, Larry (July 2009). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2008" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2010.

[16] Sherwood, Larry (July 2012). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2012" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). p. 16. Retrieved October 11, 2013.

[17] Sherwood, Larry (July 2014). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2013" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Retrieved September 26, 2014.

[18] "Vermont Solar" SEIA

[19] "PV Watts". NREL. Retrieved July 23, 2012.

[20] "Talmage Solar Engineering, Inc. Unveils Largest Smart Array in North America". Business Wire. July 31, 2012.

[21] Griset, Todd (July 28, 2011). "Vermont's largest solar array compared to California's". Energy Policy Update.

[22] "Site #316 Production Report | AllEarth Renewables Energy Production Report". www.allearthrenewables.com.

[23] "Military Invests in Solar at Vermont National Guard Base". Archived from the original on July 26, 2012.

[24] "Ferrisburgh Solar Farm". Archived from the original on March 27, 2012.

[25] "Williamstown solar array to be among state's biggest". Rutland Herald. July 31, 2012. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.

[gmpsh-26] Bill Opalka (January 28, 2019). "Vermont solar storage projects aim to lower costs during peak demand". Vermont Journal.

[27] Polhamus, Mike (December 6, 2015). "20-megawatt solar project needed, developers' report says". VTDigger.

[28] Sharon Huntley (October 17, 2018). "Coolidge Solar Project on schedule and expected to go live in December". Vermont Journal.

[29] "Electric Power Annual State Data". 1990-2017 Existing Name Plate and Summer Capacity by Energy Source and State. Retrieved March 17, 2019.

[30] "Table 1.17B". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved March 15, 2019.

[31] "Report 1.14". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved June 17, 2017.

[32] "Report 1.13". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved March 17, 2019.

[33] "Report 1.6". Electric Power Monthly Data Browser. Retrieved March 17, 2019.

[34] "Electric Power Annual". Retrieved June 17, 2017.

[35] "Electric Power Monthly (February 2018 with data for December 2017) - Table 1.17.B. Net Generation from Solar Photovoltaic" (PDF). Electric Power Monthly. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[36] "Electric Power Monthly (February 2018 with data for December 2017) - Table 6.2.B. Net Capacity from Solar Photovoltaic" (PDF). Electric Power Monthly. Retrieved July 27, 2018.

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Solar power in Vermont

Installed capacity

Solar farms

Generation

See also

References

External links

Rodentia

IDEAL Indonesia

Ben Chilwell

Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants

Sahlep

CityBird

Perjanjian Zaragoza

Luminescence

Francisco Javier Rodríguez

Alpay Özalan

Boemi Melajoe

Colonscopia

Newark, New Jersey

Balloon Fight

Dilmun

Ivy Chen

Fenomenologi (filsafat)

FA WSL 2016

Effie Shannon

Bulzi