Weinan

Weinan

渭南市
Weinan 渭南市
Prefecture-level city
	Location of Weinan City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
	Coordinates (Weinan municipal government): 34°31′14″N 109°28′16″E / 34.5206°N 109.4710°E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Shaanxi
Settled	668 BC
Municipal seat	Linwei District
Divisions; County-level:; ; ; Township-level:	; 2 district; 2 county-level cities; 7 counties; 143 towns and villages
Government
• CPC Ctte Secretary	Li Mingyuan
• Mayor	Li Yi
Area
• Land	13,134 km2 (5,071 sq mi)
• Urban (2018)	78 km2 (30 sq mi)
Population (2010)
• Prefecture-level city	5,520,772
• Urban (2018)	660,000
• Urban density	8,500/km2 (22,000/sq mi)
Demonym	Guanzhong dialect
GDP
• Prefecture-level city	CN¥ 143 billion; US$ 23 billion
• Per capita	CN¥ 26,729; US$ 4,292
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	714000
Area code	0913
ISO 3166 code	CN-SN-05
Licence plate prefixes	陕E
Website	(in Chinese) Weinan.gov.cn; (in English) EN.Weinan.gov.cn

Weinan (Chinese: 渭南; pinyin: Wèinán) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Shaanxi province, northwest China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about 60 km (37 mi) east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shanxi and Henan to the east.

The name "Weinan", literally meaning "south of the Wei River", describes the location of the city's urban districts being mostly south of the Wei River, although majority of its metropolitan area actually lies on the north side of the river.

History

Xiyue Temple was first built in the Han dynasty

As a significant area between the ancient Chinese capital Xi'an and Luoyang, Weinan has a long history.

Ancient

The ancient Dali Man lived in the modern area of Weinan. The Xiagui county was settled in the year of 668 BC by the state of Qin. Weinan got its name in the year of 360 by the Former Qin state. In the Tang dynasty, 10 emperors were buried in Weinan after their death. On the morning of 23 January 1556, the deadliest earthquake on record with its epicenter in Huaxian killed approximately 830,000 people, destroying an 840 kilometre-wide (520 mi) area.^[3]

Modern

The Weinan prefecture-level city was established in 1995, in replacement of the Weinan prefecture. Due to the construction of the Sanmenxia Dam, the economy of the city was restricted to agricultural sections, and therefore the development level of the city is much lower than other cities in the province. The city developed rapidly after economic reform in China. The east part of Guanzhong Plain now belongs to the city, making Weinan the second most populated city in the Shaanxi province, after the capital Xi'an.

Administration

The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Linwei District, together with the CPC and Public Security bureaux.

Administrative divisions of Weinan City
Linwei Huazhou Tongguan County Dali County Heyang County Chengcheng County Pucheng County Baishui County Fuping County Hancheng (city) Huayin (city)
Division code^[4]	English name	Chinese name	Pinyin	Area (km)	Seat	Postal code	Subdivisions^[5]
Division code^[4]	English name	Chinese name	Pinyin	Area (km)	Seat	Postal code	Subdistricts	Towns	Residential communities	Villages
610500	Weinan City	渭南市	Wèinán Shì	13030.56	Linwei District	714000	12	130	215	3218
610502	Linwei District	临渭区	Línwèi Qū	1263.76	Duqiao Subdistrict (杜桥街道)	714000	8	16	56	514
610503	Huazhou District	华州区	Huàzhōu Qū	1132.46	Huazhou Subdistrict (华州街道)	714100	1	9	15	242
610522	Tongguan County	潼关县	Tóngguān Xiàn	427.35	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	714300	1	4	15	78
610523	Dali County	大荔县	Dàlì Xiàn	1690.60	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	715100	1	15	26	400
610524	Heyang County	合阳县	Héyáng Xiàn	1317.15	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	715300	1	11	19	353
610525	Chengcheng County	澄城县	Chéngchéng Xiàn	1121.64	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	715200	1	9	14	266
610526	Pucheng County	蒲城县	Púchéng Xiàn	1579.81	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	715500	1	15	8	373
610527	Baishui County	白水县	Báishuǐ Xiàn	983.95	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	715600	1	7	11	194
610528	Fuping County	富平县	Fùpíng Xiàn	1245.99	Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道)	711700	1	14	9	337
610581	Hancheng City	韩城市	Hánchéng Shì	1591.60	Xincheng Subdistrict (新城街道)	715400	2	10	26	275
610582	Huayin City	华阴市	Huàyīn Shì	676.26	Taihua Road Subdistrict (太华路街道)	714200	2	4	16	186
Note: The statistic of Linwei District includes the 2 subdistricts of Weinan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone.

Climate

Climate data for Weinan, elevation 350 m (1,150 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	17.3 (63.1)	24.2 (75.6)	30.9 (87.6)	36.2 (97.2)	37.5 (99.5)	42.8 (109.0)	40.4 (104.7)	39.0 (102.2)	37.9 (100.2)	32.0 (89.6)	25.6 (78.1)	22.5 (72.5)	42.8 (109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	5.3 (41.5)	9.9 (49.8)	16.0 (60.8)	22.7 (72.9)	27.7 (81.9)	32.5 (90.5)	33.2 (91.8)	30.9 (87.6)	26.1 (79.0)	20.3 (68.5)	12.9 (55.2)	6.6 (43.9)	20.3 (68.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−0.1 (31.8)	3.9 (39.0)	9.5 (49.1)	15.8 (60.4)	20.9 (69.6)	25.9 (78.6)	27.4 (81.3)	25.3 (77.5)	20.4 (68.7)	14.5 (58.1)	7.3 (45.1)	1.4 (34.5)	14.4 (57.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−4.3 (24.3)	−0.8 (30.6)	4.1 (39.4)	9.7 (49.5)	14.5 (58.1)	19.5 (67.1)	22.3 (72.1)	20.8 (69.4)	16.0 (60.8)	10.0 (50.0)	2.9 (37.2)	−2.8 (27.0)	9.3 (48.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−13.7 (7.3)	−14.5 (5.9)	−7.5 (18.5)	−1.2 (29.8)	2.4 (36.3)	10.3 (50.5)	15.0 (59.0)	13.0 (55.4)	6.6 (43.9)	−3.3 (26.1)	−7.7 (18.1)	−16.7 (1.9)	−16.7 (1.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	5.4 (0.21)	10.1 (0.40)	21.9 (0.86)	42.9 (1.69)	55.3 (2.18)	56.4 (2.22)	82.8 (3.26)	82.0 (3.23)	96.2 (3.79)	54.5 (2.15)	25.9 (1.02)	5.1 (0.20)	538.5 (21.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	3.3	4.0	5.6	7.1	8.4	7.2	8.9	9.2	11.0	8.5	5.6	2.6	81.4
Average snowy days	4.0	2.8	1.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.1	3.2	12.2
Average relative humidity (%)	64	63	62	64	64	61	72	78	80	77	74	67	69
Mean monthly sunshine hours	130.8	129.3	167.8	194.8	217.5	218.0	228.5	203.7	146.3	138.6	126.7	128.8	2,030.8
Percent possible sunshine	42	42	45	49	50	50	52	49	40	40	41	42	45
Source: China Meteorological Administration^[6]^[7]

Demographics

**Breakdown of Weinan population by district and county (2010 census)**
Division	Permanent residents^[8](November 2010)			Hukou residents^[9] (by end of 2010)
	Total	Percentage	Population density (persons/km²)	Hukou residents^[9] (by end of 2010)
	Weinan City	5286077	100	405.67	5600599
Linwei District	877142	16.59	694.07	976822
Huazhou District	322148	6.09	284.47	347913
Tongguan County	155463	2.94	363.79	165860
Dali County	693392	13.12	410.15	718340
Heyang County	436441	8.26	331.35	451983
Chengcheng County	386150	7.31	344.27	404663
Pucheng County	743000	14.06	470.31	782571
Baishui County	279679	5.29	284.24	294823
Fuping County	743385	14.06	596.62	791246
Hancheng City	391164	7.40	245.77	399696
Huayin City	258113	4.88	381.68	266682
Note:The permanent residents of Linwei district include the 49209 permanent residents of Weinan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone.

According to the sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, there are 5,286,077 people resident in Weinan.^[10] Compared to the previous census data from 2000, the population has decreased by 108,729 persons. Among the residents, 50.75% are males and 49.25% are females. The number of male and female residents are separately 2,682,710 and 2,603,367. The sex ratio is 103.05.^[10]

Transportation

Due to its location on the plain, Weinan is well connected, especially to the provincial capital Xi'an.

Public Transportation

As of March 2015, there are 20 bus routes operated in the urban area of the city. Apart from line 1 and 2 with air-conditioning carrying a fare of 2 RMB, all other bus route fares are 1 RMB. There are also 1000 taxis in the urban city, The base fare is currently ¥5 which covers the first 2.5 km. Additional kilometers cost ¥1.4 or ¥1.5 each.

Roads

China National Highway 108 and China National Highway 310 pass through the city. Major expressways in the city are G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway, G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway and G65E Yulin–Lantian Expressway. 5 bridges connect north and south part of the city on the Wei River, there are also 3 road bridges connecting the city to the neighboring Shanxi Province on the Yellow River.

Rail

The urban city of Weinan owns 4 railway stations. Weinan railway station was open in 1934. Located on the important Longhai railway, almost all Chinese major cities can be reached through the train. Weinan North railway station is served by high-speed trains on the Xuzhou–Lanzhou and Datong–Xi'an lines. The station is part of the Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge, one of the longest bridges in the world. Weinan South railway station and Weinan West railway station are on the Nanjing–Xi'an Railway, they are both only served by the slowest trains.

In the suburban area, there are also 2 stations for high-speed railway:Huashan North Railway Station and Dali Railway Station, there are as well also stations for conventional rail like the Huashan railway station and Hancheng railway station.

Air

There is no commercial passagenger airport in Weinan, the nearest airport is Xi'an Xianyang International Airport. A shuttle bus connects the Weinan Railway Station with the airport frequently throughout the day. A smaller airport is under construction in Huazhou District to serve the tourism of Hua Mountain.

Tourism

Mount Hua, one of China's Five Great Mountains, which has a long history of religious significance.
Xiyue Temple, Temple for the God of Mount Hua.
Tong Pass, an important strategic pass with historical significance.

Education

Schools

As of end in 2012, there are 2859 schools of all kinds; 75 high schools, 70 vocational schools, 310 junior high schools, 1266 primary schools, 1002 kindergartens and 7 special education schools.

Universities

Weinan has 3 higher educational institutions. The Weinan Normal University is a comprehensive multi-discipline research university. Weinan has 2 other tertiary institutions, they are Shaanxi Railway Institute and Weinan Vocational and Technical College.

Notable people

Sima Qian, historian of the Han dynasty, widely considered the father of Chinese historiography for his work, the Records of the Grand Historian.
Emperor Wen of Sui, founder of the Sui dynasty.
Guo Ziyi, general during the Tang dynasty, ended the An Shi Rebellion.
Bai Juyi, renowned Chinese poet and Tang dynasty government official.
Kou Zhun, a much-praised official of Song dynasty.
Yang Hucheng, general who conducted the famous Xi'an Incident in 1936.
Xi Zhongxun, communist revolutionary and a political leader of PRC, father of Xi Jinping.

International relations

Weinan's twin towns and sister cities are:

Szeged, Hungary (since 1999) Gumi, South Korea (since 2014) North Las Vegas, United States (since 2015) Changwon, South Korea (since 2015) Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia (since 2016)^[11]