「神的國」或稱為「上帝的國」(希臘語:Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ,羅馬化:Basileia tou Theou;天主教思高譯本:天主的國),基督教術語,意義是神掌權的領域(国度),记载見於《圣经》不同經卷。根據耶穌的教導,神的國不是一個有形的國家[1],是所有的基督徒所進入的國度[2][3][4]。
“神的王權”或者“神的統治”(kingship of God)的概念出現在所有的亞伯拉罕宗教中,在某些情況下,這些宗教也使用“神的國”和“天國”的概念。“神的王權”這個概念可以追溯到《希伯來聖經》(俗稱《舊約》),《聖經》提到“他的國”,但不包括“神的國”。[5]另外,“諸神的王權”或“諸神的統治”在異教徒中是常見的,例如在《希臘神話》中的奥林匹斯山或“諸神之王”的短語。
希臘語Basileia的意義是「王權」或「國土」[10],從詞源學的角度看,Basileia的字源為「基礎」,與政治上的國家無關[11]。"Basileia tou Theou"常見的中文翻譯為「神的國」或「神國」。這個詞在《路加福音》最常被使用,出現了三十二次,又在《馬太福音》出現5次,《馬可福音》出現十四次,《約翰福音》一次,《使徒行傳》六次,保羅書信中出現過八次,《啟示錄》一次。
R. T. France指出,雖然“神的國”的概念意義能讓外行基督徒可以用直覺去瞭解,但對於它在新約中的意義,學者們幾乎沒有形成一致意見。一些學者認為它是一種基督徒的生活方式,一些學者將其看作將世界福音化的方法,一些學者將其看作對領袖魅力天賦的重新發現,另一些學者則將它與未來的情況聯繫起來。R. T. France說,神的國這個短語常常有許多解釋,以適應那些解釋者自身的神學議程。[33]
^"Abrahamic Faiths, Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts" (Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change. Series I, Culture and Values, Vol. 7) by Paul Peachey, George F. McLean and John Kromkowski (Jun 1997) ISBN 1565181042page 315; France, R. T. (2005). "Kingdom of God" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). In Vanhoozer, Kevin J.; Bartholomew, Craig G.; Treier, Daniel J.; Wright, Nicholas Thomas. Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. pp. 420–2. ISBN 978-0-8010-2694-2.
^ 6.06.1The Gospel of Matthew by R.T. France (21 Aug 2007) ISBN 080282501X pages 101-103
^ 7.07.1Mercer Dictionary of the Bible by Watson E. Mills, Edgar V. McKnight and Roger A. Bullard (May 1, 2001)ISBN 0865543739 page 490; Dictionary of Biblical Imagery by Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit and Tremper Longman III (Nov 11, 1998)ISBN 0830814515 pages 478-479
^ 8.08.1Biblical Prophets in the Qur'an and Muslim Literature by Roberto Tottoli (Dec 14, 2001) ISBN 0700713948page 27
^A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin by John F. Collins (Aug 1985) ISBN 0813206677 page 176
^Introducing Christian Doctrine (2nd Edition) by Millard J. Erickson (Apr 1, 2001) ISBN 0801022509 pages 391-392
^Introducing Christian Doctrine (2nd Edition) by Millard J. Erickson (Apr 1, 2001) ISBN 0801022509 pages 391-392; Systematic Theology Vol 2 by Wolfhart Pannenberg (Oct 27, 2004) ISBN 0567084663 pages 390-391
^Familiar Stranger: An Introduction to Jesus of Nazareth by Michael James McClymond (Mar 22, 2004) ISBN 0802826806 pages 77-79;Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research by Bruce Chilton and Craig A. Evans (Jun 1998) ISBN 9004111425 pages 255-257
^Divine Government: God's Kingship in the Gospel of Mark by R.T. France (10 Mar 2003) ISBN 1573832448pages 1-3
^William Barclay The Gospel of Matthew: Chapters 11-28 p340 Matthew 23:22 "And whoever swears by heaven swears by the throne of God and by him who sits upon it."
^Momen, Moojan (2004). "Baha'i Faith and Holy People". In Jestice, Phyllis G. Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-355-6.
^Smith, Peter (2008). An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-521-86251-5.