1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections House elections for the 43rd U.S. Congress
The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant . The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.
Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The proindustry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with victory in the American Civil War , as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.
Election summaries
Following the 1870 census , the House was reapportioned , initially adding 40 seats,[ 1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[ 2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment .
This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[ 3]
↓
89
203
Democratic
Republican
Popular vote
Republican
52.85%
Democratic
41.76%
Lib. Republican
4.08%
Conservative
1.87%
Independent
2.25%
Others
0.00%
House seats
Republican
67.92%
Democratic
29.01%
Lib. Republican
1.37%
Conservative
1.37%
Independent
0.34%
Election dates
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[ 4] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:
Early elections (1872):
Late elections (1873):
Special elections
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(December 2019 )
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates[ 5]
Connecticut 1
Julius L. Strong
Republican
1869
Incumbent died September 7, 1872. New member elected November 5, 1872. Republican hold.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census , bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.
Connecticut
Delaware
Delaware election
County resultsLofland : 50–60%Wright : 50–60%
The election was held November 5, 1872.
Florida
Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.
Georgia
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(December 2017 )
Illinois
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(December 2017 )
Indiana
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(December 2017 )
Iowa
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(December 2017 )
Kansas
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(December 2017 )
Kentucky
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(December 2017 )
Louisiana
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(December 2017 )
In the newly formed at-large district , George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana .[ 16] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.
Maine
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(December 2017 )
Maryland
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(December 2017 )
Massachusetts
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(December 2017 )
Michigan
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(December 2017 )
Minnesota
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(December 2017 )
Mississippi
Missouri
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(December 2017 )
Nebraska
Nevada
The election was held November 5, 1872.
New Hampshire
Elections were held March 11, 1873, After the March 4th beginning of the term.
New Jersey
New York
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(December 2017 )
North Carolina
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(December 2017 )
Ohio
After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.
Oregon
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(December 2017 )
Pennsylvania
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(December 2017 )
Rhode Island
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(December 2017 )
South Carolina
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(December 2017 )
Tennessee
Texas
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(December 2017 )
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[ 41] [ 42]
Non-voting delegates
Montana results by county: No Data
See also
Notes
References
^ 17 Stat. 28
^ 17 Stat. 192
^ Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968 . Cambridge University Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-1107158436 .
^ 5 Stat. 721 : 28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845
^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results" . State of Connecticut Elections Database . Retrieved October 9, 2024 .
^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections . Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C. : CQ Press . 2010. p. 1046. ISBN 9781604265361 . LCCN 2009033938 . OCLC 430736650 .
^ "AL - District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "AL - District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "AL - District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "AL - District 04" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "AL - District 05" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "AL - District 06" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "AL - At Large Race" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved September 25, 2024 .
^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results" . State of Connecticut Elections Database . Retrieved October 9, 2024 .
^ "DE District At Large - Nov 05, 1872" . Our Campaigns . January 13, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2024 .
^ "Our Campaigns - LA - At Large Race - Nov 05, 1872" . www.ourcampaigns.com .
^ "MS - District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 04" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 05" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 06" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 8, 1872" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved September 19, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NV - At-Large District Race - Nov 5, 1872" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved December 10, 2024 .
^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio . Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. p. 306.
^ "TN - At Large" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 04" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 05" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 06" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 07" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 08" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 09" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved February 20, 2021 .
^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics" . VT Elections Database . Retrieved August 29, 2024 .
^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics" . Virginia Elections Database . Retrieved September 2, 2024 .
^ "WV District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 15, 2021 .
^ "WV District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 15, 2021 .
^ "WV District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 15, 2021 .
^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF) . Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2020 .
^ Turner, A. J., ed. (1874). "Official directory" . The legislative manual of the state of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin : State of Wisconsin. pp. 444– 445. Retrieved May 24, 2020 .
^ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1872" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
^ "DK Territorial Delegate" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 6, 2021 .
^ "ID Territorial Delegate" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 3, 2021 .
^ "MT Territorial Delegate" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 4, 2021 .
^ "WY Territorial Delegate" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 11, 2021 .
Bibliography
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses . McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830 .
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 . Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701 .
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967 .
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present" . Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015 .
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