This is a list of notable Freemasons. Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation that exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity's records. Such records are most often kept at the individual lodge level, and may be lost due to fire, flood, deterioration, or simple carelessness. Grand Lodge governance may have shifted or reorganized, resulting in further loss of records on the member or the name, number, location or even existence of the lodge in question. In areas of the world where Masonry has been suppressed by governments, records of entire grand lodges have been destroyed. Because of this, masonic membership can sometimes be difficult to verify.
Standards of "proof" for those on this list may vary widely; some figures with no verified lodge affiliation are claimed as Masons if reliable sources give anecdotal evidence suggesting they were familiar with the "secret" signs and passes, but other figures are rejected over technical questions of regularity in the lodge that initiated them. Where available, specific lodge membership information is provided; where serious questions of verification have been noted by other sources, this is also indicated.
Harold Abrahams, track and field athlete and Olympic champion. Initiated into Oxford and Cambridge University Lodge No.1118, and founding member of Athlon Lodge No. 4674.[11]
Benjamin Abrams (1893–1967), Romanian-born American businessman and a founder of the Emerson Radio & Phonograph Corporation. Member of Farragut Lodge No. 976, New York City.[10]
Franz Abt (1819–1885), German composer and choral conductor. Initiated in Brunswick Lodge in 1853.[10]
Roy Acuff (1903–1992), American country music singer[13]
Major General Sir Allan Adair, 6th Baronet, GCVO, CB, DSO, MC& Bar, JP, DL (1897–1988), British Army general who served in both World Wars. Household Brigade Lodge No. 2614 and appointed Assistant Grand Master of the G.L. of England in 1953.[10]
Michael Adeane, Baron Adeane Lieutenant-Colonel, GCB, GCVO, PC (1910–1984), Private Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II during the first twenty years of her reign and to her father, King George VI prior. Served as Senior Grand Deacon of the Grand Lodge of England in 1946.[10]
Adolf Frederick (1710–1771), King of Sweden from 1751 until his death. Master of a Stockholm lodge and received the title of Protector of Swedish Freemasonry in 1762.[10]
Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964), President of the Philippines. Pilar Lodge No. 203 (now Pilar Lodge No. 15) at Imus Cavite and was founder of Magdalo Lodge No. 31 (renamed Emilio Aguinaldo Lodge No. 31 in his honor).[6]
John C. Ainsworth (1822–1893), American pioneer businessman and steamboat owner in Oregon. Helped organize the Grand Lodge of Oregon and served as grand master 1854–55.[10]
Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (1930–), American astronaut; second human to set foot on extraterrestrial soil. Member of Montclair Lodge No. 144 of New Jersey.[18][19][20][21]
Elizabeth Aldworth (1693/95[22]–1773/1775[22]), noted female Mason. Entered Apprentice and Fellowcraft Degree in 1712.[23]
Miguel Alemán Valdés (1900–1983), President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952. Initiated, Passed, and Raised in Antiquities Lodge No. 9 of Grand Lodge Valle de Mexico. Later demitted to City of Mexico Lodge No. 35.[10]
Alexander I of Russia (1777–1825), Czar of Russia from 1801 to 1825. Banned all secret societies in 1801, but rescinded the prohibition in 1803. He banned Freemasonry in Russia in 1822 due to concerns of political power of some lodges.[10]
Eloy Alfaro (1842–1912), served as President of Ecuador from 1895 to 1901 and from 1906 to 1911[10]
Bruce Alger (1918–2015), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas[10]
Russell A. Alger (1836–1907), 20th governor and U.S. senator from Michigan. U.S. Secretary of War during the Presidential administration of William McKinley. Major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Raised in 1895 in Corinthian Lodge No. 241 in Detroit.[10]
Charles Herbert Allen (1848–1934), American politician and businessman. Served in the Massachusetts state legislature and senate, and in the U.S. House of Representatives. First U.S.-appointed civilian governor of Puerto Rico. Assistant Secretary of the Navy during the administration of William McKinley. Member of William North Lodge of Lowell, Massachusetts.[10]
Ethan Allen (1904–1993), American Major League Baseball player from 1926 to 1938. Member of Yeatman Lodge No. 162, Cincinnati, Ohio.[10]
William B. Allison (1829–1908), early leader of the Iowa Republican Party. Member of both houses of the U.S. Congress. Charter member of Mosaic Lodge No. 125 of Dubuque. Honorary senior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Iowa in 1889.[10]
James V. Allred (1899–1959), 33rd governor of Texas, later a U.S. federal judge. Raised in Bowie Lodge No. 578 in 1920.[10]
James Anderson (1679ca. 1679/1680–1739), Presbyterian minister best known for his influence on the early development of Freemasonry. Author of The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1723) and The New Book of Constitutions of the Antient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons (1738)[36]
Joseph Anderson (1757–1837), U.S. senator from Tennessee and first comptroller of the U.S. Treasury. Military Lodge No. 19 of Pennsylvania and Lodge No. 36 in the New Jersey Brigade during the American Revolution. After the war was a member of Princeton Lodge No. 38 of New Jersey.[10]
Robert Anderson (1805–1871), Union Army officer in the American Civil War, known for being the commander of Fort Sumter at the beginning of the war. Raised in Mercer Lodge No. 50, Trenton, New Jersey, in 1858. Honorary member of Pacific Lodge No. 233 of New York City.[10]
William F. Anderson (1860–1944), American Methodist pastor, writer, and educator who served as Bishop of Chattanooga, Cincinnati, and Boston, and as acting president of Boston University from 1 January 1925 to 15 May 1926.[10]
Gyula Andrássy (1823–1890), Hungarian statesman, Prime Minister of Hungary (1867–1871) and subsequently as Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (1871–1879).[10]
Robert Andrews (c. 1750–1804), chaplain of the 2nd Virginia Regiment in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Early Grand Master of Virginia. Member of Williamsburg Lodge No. 6.[10]
Ivo Andrić (1892–1975), Yugoslav writer and Nobel Prize laureate[25]
Frank M. Angellotti (1861–1932), Chief Justice of California from 1915 to 1921. Raised in Marin Lodge No. 191, San Rafael, California, in 1886. Grand Master of California 1888–1889.[10]
Levi Ankeny (1844–1921), U.S. senator from the state of Washington. Became a member of Willamette Lodge No. 2 of Portland, Oregon, in 1866, affiliating with Walla Walla Lodge No. 7 in 1878, serving as master in 1881.[10]
Branch T. Archer (1790–1856), Texan Commissioner to the United States, Speaker of the House of the Republic of Texas House of Representatives, and Secretary of War of the Republic of Texas. Raised in Harmony Lodge No. 62 at Pridewell, Virginia.[10]
Henry W. Armstrong (1879–1951), American boxer, booking agent, producer, singer, pianist and Tin Pan Alley composer. Composed the song "Sweet Adeline". Raised in 1922 in Montgomery Lodge No. 68, New York City.[10]
Edward F. Arn (1906–1998), 32nd governor of Kansas. Raised in Wyandotte Lodge No. 3, Kansas City, Kansas, in 1927. Member of the International Supreme Council of the Order of DeMolay. Deputy to imperial potentate of the Shrine in 1954–55.[10]
J. Hugo Aronson (1891–1978), 14th governor of the U.S. state of Montana. Received degrees in Shelby Lodge No. 143 in 1924 and later demitted to Cut Bank Lodge No. 82 in Cut Bank, both in Montana. King Gustav VI Adolf q.v. of Sweden appointed him as representative of the G.L. of Sweden to the G.L. of Montana.[10]
Turner Ashby (1828–1862), Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War. He had achieved prominence as Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's cavalry commander. Member of Equality Lodge No. 44, Martinsburg, West Virginia.[10]
James Mitchell Ashley (1824–1896), U.S. congressman, territorial governor of Montana and railroad president. Raised in 1853 in Toledo Lodge No. 144, Toledo, Ohio.[10]
John Jacob Astor (1763–1848), American financier. Holland Lodge No. 8, New York, 1790.[57]
David Rice Atchison (1807–1886), U.S. senator from Missouri. Known for the claim that for one day (4 March 1849) he may have been Acting President of the United States. Member of Platte Lodge No. 56, Platte City, Missouri.[10]
John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl (1729–1774), Scottish peer and Tory politician. Succeeded his father as Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England in 1775, serving until 1781 and again from 1791 to 1813. Was Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1778 to 1779.[10]
George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl (1814–1864), Scottish peer. Served as 66th Grand Master Mason of Scotland 1843–1863. Grand Master of England from 1843 until his death in January 1864.[10]
George W. Atkinson (1845–1925), tenth governor of West Virginia. Raised in Kanawha Lodge No. 20, Charleston, West Virginia, 12 October 1866. Grand master of West Virginia in 1876 and Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901.[10]
William Wallace Atterbury (1866–1935), tenth president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. American brigadier general during World War I and built the American Army railroads in France during the war. Raised in Colonial Lodge No. 631, Philadelphia, in 1895.[10]
Henry Aurand (1894–1980), career U.S. Army officer who served in World War I, World War II and the Korean War. Member of Shamokin Lodge No. 255, Shamokin, Pennsylvania.[10]
Moses Austin (1761–1821), secured a grant of 200,000 acres in the province of Texas (under New Spain) on 17 January 1821, but died on his return trip to home in Missouri. His son Stephen F. Austin carried out the colonization of Texas.[10]
Warren Austin (1877–1962), American politician and statesman; among other roles, he served as senator from Vermont and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. Raised in Brattleboro Lodge No. 102 at Burlington, Vermont.[10]
Gene Autry (1907–1998), movie and television star. Catoosa Lodge No. 185, Oklahoma.[7][60][61]
Samuel Beach Axtell (1819–1891), notable for being the most controversial Chief Justice of the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court; corrupted administration as governor of New Mexico; brief tenure as governor of Utah; and two-term congressman from California. Member of Amador Lodge No. 65, Jackson, California.[10]
Charles Brantley Aycock (1859–1912), 50th governor of North Carolina. He served as grand orator of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina in 1897.[10]
William Edmondstoune Aytoun (1813–1865), Scottish lawyer and poet. Active member of the Scottish Grand Lodge and representative there of the Grand Lodge Royal York of Germany.[10]
Abdul Qadir Al Jaza'iri, Sufi mystic, scholar and political leader. Brought Freemasonry into Grand Syria. Took oath on 18 June 1867, at a specially convened meeting of the Lodge of the Pyramids, Alexandria, Egypt. He is considered one of the most famous Arab Muslim freemasons.[63]
Robert L. Bacon (1884–1938), American banker, lieutenant colonel, and congressman from New York[10]
Walter W. Bacon (1880–1962), 60th governor of Delaware. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 2, New Castle, Delaware, being raised 2 July 1902. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Delaware in 1915.[10]
Arthur P. Bagby (1794–1858), tenth governor of Alabama. Served as grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Alabama.[10]
John J. Bagley (1832–1881), 16th governor of Michigan. Member of Charity Lodge No. 94, Detroit, Michigan.[10]
Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–1792), German theologian and adventurer. Freemason, who with other Freemasons founded the "German Union" or the "Two and Twenty" society at Halle.[10]
Michael Baigent (1948–2013), British author and former editor of Freemasonry Today. Lodge of Economy No 76, Winchester.[69]
John O. Bailey (1880–1959), American judge and politician in the state of Oregon. He was 27th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. Raised in Doric Lodge No. 132, Portland, Oregon, about 1920.[10]
Theodorus Bailey (1805–1877), United States Navy officer during the American Civil War. Raised in Washington Lodge No. 21, New York City, on 3 March 1829.[10]
Phil Baker (1896–1963), American comedian and emcee on radio. Also a vaudeville actor, composer, songwriter, accordionist and author. Raised in Keystone Lodge No. 235, New York City.[10]
Bernt Balchen (1899–1973), pioneer polar aviator, navigator, aircraft mechanical engineer and military leader. Member of Norseman Lodge No. 878 of Brooklyn, New York. With Admiral Byrd they dropped Masonic flags over the two poles, and dropped his Kismet Temple Shrine fez over the South Pole.[10]
Harry Hill Bandholtz (1864–1925), U.S. Army major general during World War I. Known for preventing Romanian soldiers from removing Transylvanian treasures from the National Museum of Hungary in Budapest during the Romanian occupation of the city in 1919.[10]
John H. Bankhead (1842–1920), U.S. senator from Alabama between 1907 and 1920. Confederate officer during the American Civil War. Grand master of Grand Lodge of Alabama in 1883–1884.[10]
Nathaniel P. Banks (1816–1894), 24th governor of Massachusetts, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and Union general during the American Civil War. Member of Monitor Lodge, Waltham, Massachusetts.[10]
William V. Banks, founder of the first black-owned and black-operated television station in the United States[86]
Parke M. Banta (1891–1970), congressman from Missouri. Raised in Potosi Lodge No. 131 at Potosi, Missouri, about 1916, served as master in 1923.[10]
Clarence Barbour (1867–1937), Baptist clergyman and educator most notable for having served as the president of Brown University. Served as Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodges of both New York and Rhode Island.[10]
McClelland Barclay (1891–1942), American painter of pin-up art and war propaganda posters[10]
Malcolm Barclay-Harvey (1890–1969), British politician and colonial administrator, Member of Parliament (1923–1929, 1931–1939). Grand Master of Scotland (1949–1953).[10][58]
Guy K. Bard (1895–1953), Pennsylvania educator; later became a judge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania[10]
Samuel Bard (1742–1821), American physician who founded the first medical school in New York. Personal physician to George Washington. Member of Union Lodge, New York.[10]
Thomas R. Bard (1841–1915), U.S. senator from California. Member of Hueneme Lodge No. 311, California.[10]
Joshua Barney (1759–1818), American naval officer. Served in the Continental Navy during the Revolutionary War and would later achieve the rank of commodore in the U.S. Navy. Also served in the War of 1812. He was made a Freemason in the Lodge of the Nine Sisters, Paris, France, in 1799 (although other sources state that he was raised in Lodge No. 3, Philadelphia, Pa. on 17 May 1777, and still another lists him as a member of No. 3 on 1 May 1777). He was a visitor of Lodge No. 2, Philadelphia on 16 June 1780.[10]
John Barry (1745–1803), officer in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War and later in the U.S. Navy. Initiated in Lodge No. 2, Philadelphia, on 12 October 1795. Suspended for non-payment of dues in 1800.[10]
William T. Barry (1784–1835), U.S. Postmaster General during the Jackson Administration. U.S. senator from Kentucky. Member of Lexington Lodge No. 1 and later of Davies Lodge No. 22 of Lexington. Was elected an honorary member of Federal Lodge No. 1, Washington, D.C., on 4 January 1830.[10]
Harold Roe Bartle (1901–1974), American businessman, philanthropist, Boy Scout executive, and professional public speaker. Served two terms as mayor of Kansas City, Missouri. Member of Lebanon Lodge No. 87 in Kentucky plus the Ararat Shriners of Kansas City, Missouri.[10]
Josiah Bartlett (1729–1795), American physician and statesman, delegate to the Continental Congress for New Hampshire and signatory of the Declaration of Independence. He was later Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court of Judicature and governor of the state. Although his lodge is not known, his great-grandson, Levi S. Bartlett, had a letter written by Josiah to his son Ezra saying, "I attended a Mason meeting last night, and as soon as you can I wish you would join the Masons."[10]
Robert Bartlett (1875–1946), Canadian navigator and Arctic explorer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries[10]
Francesco Bartolozzi (1725–1815), Italian engraver. Was an early member of the Lodge of Nine Muses No. 235, London. The frontispiece of the 1784 edition of the Book of Constitutions is his engraving.[10]
Edmund Barton (1849–1920), first prime minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, Speaker of the legislative assembly.[6][92][93][94][95][96] Initiated: Australian Lodge of Harmony No. 556 English Constitution in Sydney on 13 March 1878.[10][95][96][97]
William Barton (1748–1831), officer in the Continental Army during the American War of Independence who retired with the rank of colonel. Became a member of St. John's Lodge, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1779.[10]
Edward Bass (1726–1803), first American Episcopal bishop of the Diocese of Massachusetts and second bishop of the Diocese of Rhode Island. Admitted as a member of St. John's Lodge No. 1 of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on 12 April 1758. Served as grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts in 1768.[10]
William B. Bate (1826–1905), American soldier and politician. Governor of Tennessee from 1883 to 1887, and U.S. senator from 1887 until his death. Major general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Member of King Solomon Lodge No. 94, Gallatin, Tennessee.[10]
Edward Bates (1793–1869), American lawyer and statesman. First Attorney General of Missouri after it was admitted as a state. U.S. Attorney General under Lincoln from 1861 to 1864. Was a member of Missouri Lodge No. 12, under Tennessee charter (later Missouri No. 1). Was active in the formation of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Served four terms as grand master, 1825, 1826, 1827, & 1831.[10]
Thomas Bath (1875–1956), Australian politician, former Western Australian Leader of the Opposition. Involved in founding of Lodge Bonnie Doon, 839, S.C.[98]
Francis Baylies (1783–1852), congressman from Massachusetts. Original lodge not known, but made honorary member of Mount Lebanon Lodge, Boston, on 26 January 1835.[10]
William Wither Bramston Beach (1826–1901), British politician and railway entrepreneur. Apollo University Lodge No 357, Oxford, and multiple other lodges. Third Grand Principal, Supreme Grand Chapter of England (Royal Arch).[100]
Jeremy BeadleMBE (1948–2008), English television presenter, radio presenter, writer, and producer. Westminster City Council Lodge No 2882 (London).[101]
George Lafayette Beal (1825–1896), American politician from Maine who served in the federal forces during the American Civil War. Member of Oxford Lodge No. 18, Norway, Maine.[10]
Daniel Carter Beard (1850–1941), founder of the Boy Scouts. Initiated in Mariner's Lodge No. 67, New York City, and later affiliated with Cornucopia Lodge 563, Flushing, New York.[10][102]
John Beatty (1749–1826), American physician and statesman. An officer of the Continental Army, he was appointed Commissary General for Prisoners with the rank of colonel. Was a member of the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785. Was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Jersey during the Third Congress. Raised in Trenton Lodge No. 5, Trenton, New Jersey. A past master of that lodge, he was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New Jersey in 1791. In 1792 he transferred his membership to Solomon's Lodge No. 1.[10]
William Beaumont (1785–1853), surgeon in the U.S. Army who became known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology" following his research on human digestion. Raised in Harmony Lodge, Champlain, New York, 11 April 1820.[10]
P. G. T. Beauregard (1818–1893), American military officer, politician, inventor, writer, civil servant, and the first prominent general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War[10]
Theodric Romeyn Beck (1791–1855), American physician in New York specializing in medical jurisprudence who authored the first significant American book on forensic medicine, Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, in 1823. Member of Masters Lodge No. 5, Albany, New York.[10]
Rudolph Zacharias Becker (1752–1822), German educator and author, and active Freemason of Gotha. Published an historical essay in 1786 on the Bavarian Illuminati titled Grundsätze, Verfassung und Schicksale des Illuminates Order in Baiern.[10]
Johann Beckmann (1739–1811), German scientific author and coiner of the word "technology", to mean the science of trades. He was the first man to teach technology and write about it as an academic subject.[10]
Hamilton P. Bee (1822–1897), American politician in early Texas who served one term as Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives and later was a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War. Member of Austin Lodge No. 12, Texas.[10]
Wallace Beery (1885–1949), American actor. Won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1931 film The Champ. Member of Blaney Lodge No. 271 of Chicago, Illinois.[10]
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), composer. Though no records exist, several of Beethoven's biographers state that he was a Freemason based on other evidence.[107]
Jonathan Belcher (1681/2–1757), merchant, businessman, and politician from the Province of Massachusetts Bay during the American colonial period. Served simultaneously for over a decade as colonial governor of the British colonies of New Hampshire (1729–1741) and Massachusetts (1730–1741) and later for ten years as governor of New Jersey (1747–1757). Raised in an old "Guilde Lodge" in England in 1704–13 years before the founding of the G.L. of England. Reported as having been on the rolls of the craft in Nova Scotia at an early date. Was affiliated with St. John's Lodge in Boston.[10]
John Montgomery Belk (1920–2007), head of the Belk department store chain and mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina, for four terms (1969–1977). Petitioned (21 January 1946), Initiated (4 March 1946), Passed (15 April 1946) and Raised (12 August 1946) all in Excelsior Lodge No. 261 of Charlotte.[114][115]
Giovanni Battista Belzoni (1778–1823), also known as The Great Belzoni, a prolific Italian explorer and pioneer archaeologist of Egyptian antiquities[10]
Charles Albert "Chief" Bender (1884–1954), Major League Baseball pitcher during the first two decades of the 20th century. Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953. Petitioned Robert A. Lamberton Lodge No. 487 of Philadelphia when 27 years of age and was raised on 4 April 1911. He was suspended for non-payment of dues in 1938, but reinstated in 1943.[10]
Caleb P. Bennett (1758–1836), American soldier and politician from Delaware. He was a veteran of the American Revolution and the War of 1812, and served as governor of Delaware. Raised in Lodge No. 14 at Christina Ferry, Delaware, on 16 January 1781.
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023), Italian media tycoon and politician, Prime Minister of Italy. Initiated in Lodge Propaganda Due; expelled in 1981 (some say 1976) by the Grand Orient of Italy.[121]
Clifford K. Berryman (1869–1949), Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist with the Washington Star newspaper from 1907 to 1949. Also a cartoonist for The Washington Post from 1891 to 1907. Member of Temple Noyes Lodge No. 32 of Washington, D.C.[10]
Paul Bert (1833–1886), French zoologist, physiologist and politician[10]
Walter Besant (1836–1901), novelist and historian. Raised in Mauritius Lodge in 1862 and became master of Marquis of Dalhousie Lodge No. 1159, London, in 1873. Conceived the idea of establishing a lodge of research and as a result became one of the founders of the famous Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076 of London, serving as its treasurer at one time.[10]
James R. Beverley (1894–1967), U.S. lawyer and Attorney General of Puerto Rico. While serving as Attorney General, also served twice as acting governor of Puerto Rico.[10]
George Valentin Bibescu (1880–1941), Romanian aviation pioneer, Grand Master of Romanian Grand Lodge from 1911 to 1916[24]
Dana X. Bible (1891–1980), American football player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, and college athletics administrator. Member of Mossy Creek Lodge No. 353, Jefferson City, Tennessee.[10]
John Bidwell (1819–1900), California pioneer and politician. Raised in San Jose Lodge No. 10 in 1851 and later affiliated with Chico Lodge No. 111.[10]
Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902), German-American painter known for landscapes of the American West. Member of Holland Lodge No. 8, New York City.[10]
Timothy Bigelow (1767–1821), American lawyer. Grand master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts two terms, 1806–08 and 1811–13.[10]
Robert Worth Bingham (1871–1937), politician, judge, newspaper publisher and U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom. Past master of Falls City Lodge No. 376 of Louisville, Kentucky. At a meeting of the Grand Lodge of England, in the presence of the King and 8,000 Masons, he was created a past senior grand warden of that grand lodge.[10]
Sveinn Björnsson (1881–1952), first president of the Republic of Iceland. One of the founders of Edda Lodge in Reykjavík on 6 January 1919 under the authority of the National Grand Lodge of Denmark and was later Grand master of Iceland.[10]
Frank S. Black (1853–1913), American newspaper editor, lawyer and politician. Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897, and the 32nd governor of New York from 1897 to 1898. Raised in King Solomon's Primitive Lodge No. 91 of Troy, New York, and later affiliated with Roman Lodge No. 223 at Rome, New York.[10]
James D. Black (1849–1938), 39th governor of Kentucky. Grand master of Grand Lodge of Kentucky in 1888–89.[10]
John Black (1832–1838), politician from the U.S. state of Mississippi, most notably serving in the U.S. Senate as a Whig from 1832 to 1838. Member of Rising Virtue Lodge No. 7.[10]
Mark R Black (1984), Canadian, Professional Ice Hockey player, Actor, Stuntman.
Samuel W. Black (1816–1862), lawyer, soldier, judge, and politician. Seventh governor of the Nebraska Territory. Killed in action leading his regiment in a charge early in the Civil War. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 219, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[10]
J. Stuart Blackton (1875–1941), Anglo-American film producer, considered the father of American animation. Member of Centennial Lodge No. 763, New York City.[10]
Ken Blackwell (1948– ), American politician and activist, mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio, from 1979 to 1980 and Ohio Secretary of State from 1999 to 2007[123]
Theodorick Bland (1741–1790), represented Virginia in both the Continental Congress and the U.S. House of Representatives. Present at Williamsburg Lodge No. 6 on 7 July 1778.[10]
Jesse Bledsoe (1776–1836), U.S. senator from Kentucky. Member of Lexington Lodge No. 1, Lexington, Kentucky, and past master of same. Grand Tyler of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky in 1808.[10]
Sol Bloom (1870–1949), congressman from New York[10]
Joseph Bloomfield (1753–1823), fourth governor of New Jersey. Raised in Bristol Lodge No. 25, Bristol, Pennsylvania, and served as master in 1782. He affiliated with Trenton Lodge No. 5, Trenton, New Jersey, in 1790 and in 1799–80 was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New Jersey.[10]
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher (1742–1819), Graf (count), later elevated to Fürst (prince) von Wahlstatt, was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) who led his army against Napoleon I at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in 1813 and at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 with the Duke of Wellington. His original lodge is not known, but he was a constant visitor in the Lodge "Pax Inimicamalis" at Emmeriah in 1800–01, and in 1814 the Lodge "Archimedes" at Altenburg.[10]
Monte Blue (1887–1963), American silent movie actor. Member of Utopia Lodge No. 537 of Los Angeles.[10]
Robert D. Blue (1898–1989), 30th governor of Iowa. Mason, Shriner, member of Eastern Star and White Shrine.[10]
Manchester Boddy (1891–1967), rose from poverty to become the publisher of a major California newspaper and a candidate for Congress. Member of Craftsmen Lodge No. 559, Los Angeles.[10]
Johann Joachim Christoph Bode (1731–1793), German translator of literary works. Wrote extensively on Freemasonry and was one of the most distinguished Masons of his time. Member and Past Master of Lodge Absalem at Hamburg. Served as deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Hamburg.[10]
Johann von Böber (1746–1820), German teacher, entomologist and botanist who was a Russian Royal Councilor of State. Grand master of the Grand Lodge of Russia from 1811 to 1814.[10]
Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), leader of South American independence (initiated: Cádiz, Spain)[102] Founding brother of Lodge Order and Liberty No. 2, Peru, 1824.[131]
Joseph Bonaparte (1768–1844), elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806–1808), and later King of Spain (1808–1813, as José I). Appointed as grand master of the Grand Orient of France by Napoleon in 1805.[10]
Louis Bonaparte (1778—1846), brother of Napoleon Bonaparte and King of Holland (1806–10). Appointed Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France in 1805.[10]
Lucien Bonaparte (1775–1840), brother of Napoleon Bonaparte and a member of the Grand Orient of France[10]
Thomas Bond (1712–784), American physician and surgeon. In 1751 he co-founded the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first medical facility in the American colonies, with Benjamin Franklin. Deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania in 1749.[10]
Nicholas Bonneville (1760–1828), French bookseller, printer, journalist, and writer; also a political figure of some relevance at the time of the French Revolution. In 1788 he published a book entitled The Jesuits driven from Freemasonry and their weapon broken by the Freemasons (translation). His theory was that the Jesuits had introduced the history of the life and death of the Templars into the symbolic degrees, and the doctrine of vengeance for the political and religious crime of their destruction.[10]
Ballington Booth (1857–1940), officer in the Salvation Army and a co-founder of Volunteers of America. Member of Montclair Lodge No. 144, New Jersey, about 1899, and later Charter Oak Lodge No. 249, New York City. He was past grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of New York and member of York and Scottish rites as well as the Shrine.[10]
Edwin Booth (1833–1893), famous 19th-century American actor who toured throughout America and the major capitals of Europe, performing Shakespearean plays. Founded Booth's Theatre in 1869 in New York. Brother of John Wilkes Booth. Honorary member of the Masonic Veterans Association of New York.[10]
Ernest Borgnine (1917–2012), American actor. Abingdon Lodge No. 48;[137] however, another source indicates Melrose Lodge No. 63, California.[138]
Solon Borland (1808–1864), newspaperman, soldier, diplomat, Democratic U.S. senator from Arkansas and a Confederate officer during the American Civil War[10]
Józef Boruwłaski (1739–1837), Polish-born dwarf who toured in European and Turkish courts. Raised to the 3rd degree in the city of Chester, England, on 15 November 1783.[10]
James Boswell (1740–1795), British biographer, raised in Canongate Kilwinning Lodge at Edinburgh, 1759[51][139]
John Boswell (1532?–1609), 3rd Laird of Auchinleck. Considered by some scholars to be the first recorded non-operative Freemason. Present at a meeting of the (operative) Lodge of Edinburgh on 8 June 1600, and like his operative brethren, attested to the minutes by his mark.[10]
Giovanni Bottesini (1821–1889), Italian Romantic composer, conductor, and a double bass virtuoso. Initiated 20 June 1849 in the Bank of England Lodge No. 263, London.[10]
Karl Böttiger (1760–1835), German archaeologist and classicist. Initiated in the Lodge of the Golden Apple, Dresden, on 8 November 1781.[10]
C. A. Bottolfsen (1891–1964), American politician from Idaho. 17th and 19th governor of Idaho. A member of Arco Lodge No. 48, Arco, Idaho, and a past district deputy grand master. Knight Templar and Shriner.[10]
Thomas Boude (1752–1822), the brick mason for Independence Hall in Philadelphia. First secretary of St. John's Lodge in Philadelphia which laid the cornerstone of the hall with Benjamin Franklin as grand master. Boude later became deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania.[10]
Louis de Bourbon (1709–1771), Count of Clermont. Elected Grand Master of France 2 December 1743. It was during his grandmastership that the name was changed from the "English Grand Lodge of France" to the "Grand Lodge of France".[10][141]
Sir Mackenzie Bowell (1823–1917), PC, KCMG, English-born Canadian politician. Fifth prime minister of Canada. Raised in St. Lawrence Lodge No. 640 of Montreal in 1864. On 4 February 1897 he affiliated with Eureka Lodge No. 283 (Grand Lodge of Canada in Ontario), at Belleville, and was later a charter member of Moira Lodge No. 11 at Belleville.[10]
William Augustus Bowles (1763–1805), also known as "Estajoca", Maryland-born English adventurer and organizer of Native American attempts to create their own state outside of Euro-American control. Was "admitted an honorary member" of Prince of Wales Lodge No. 259, London, on 20 January 1791. He was made "Provincial grand master to the Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians" by the Grand Lodge of England.[10]
Charles Bradlaugh (1833–1891), 19th-century atheist and Republican MP, Grand Lodge des Philadelphes, London (resigned his affiliation with English Freemasonry in 1874, but maintained an affiliation with a French Lodge)[145]
Joseph Brant (1743–1807), principal chief of the Six Nations people. Initiated in Lodge No. 417, 1776. First Master of Lodge No. 11, Mohawk Village (near Brantford) in 1798.[79]
Ernest R. Breech (1897–1978), American corporate executive. Remembered for his work in revitalizing the Ford Motor Company in the years following World War II. Also served similar roles at Trans World Airlines and other companies. Raised in Austin Lodge No. 850, Chicago, and was the Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Scottish Rite in Michigan.[10]
Walter Breuning, world's oldest man at the time of his death of natural causes on 14 April 2011, aged 114 years, six months, twenty-five days. Member of Great Falls Lodge No. 118, Great Falls, Montana, for over 85 years.[158][159][160]
Owen Brewster (1888–1961), U.S. senator, congressman, and 54th governor of Maine. Member of Penobscot Lodge No. 39, Dexter, Maine. Member of York Rite, Scottish Rite, DeMolay, and Shriner. When Harry S. Truman, a fellow senator, was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, Brewster spoke at the grand lodge session at Truman's request.[10]
Aristide Briand, Prime Minister of France. Initiated in the lodge Le Trait d'Union in July 1887 (not recorded).[161][162] Declared "unworthy" by Le Trait d'Union on 6 September 1889.[163] Joined in the lodge Le Chavalier du Travail, in Paris in 1895.[161]
Henry P. H. Bromwell (1823–1903), congressman from Illinois. Prominent Masonic author including Restorations of Masonic Geometry and Symbolry Being a Dissertation on the Lost Knowledges of the Lodge. Raised in Temperance Lodge No. 16, Vandalia, Illinois, in 1854 and was Master in 1856. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1864. Later moved to Colorado, where he affiliated with Denver Lodge No. 5. Grand Orator of Colorado in 1874. Member of York and Scottish Rites.[10]
Gustavus Richard Brown (1747–1804), one of the doctors summoned to attend to George Washington the night he died. One of the organizers of St. Columbia Lodge No. 10, Port Tobacco, Maryland, and was the fifth grand master of Maryland in 1797.[10]
Joe E. Brown (1891–973), American film actor active from 1928 to 1964. Member of Rubicon Lodge No. 237, Toledo, Ohio, and of Al Malaikah Shrine in Los Angeles.[10]
Thomas Brown (1785–1867), second governor of Florida. Raised in Hiram Lodge No. 59 of Virginia in August 1807. Became a member of Jackson Lodge No. 1, Tallahassee, serving as secretary in 1833 and master in 1855. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Florida in 1849. Grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Florida from 1834 to 1835.[10]
Charles Farrar Browne (1834–1867), American humor writer, better known under his nom de plume "Artemus Ward". Received the Masonic degrees in Manhattan Lodge No. 62, New York City, in the fall of 1863.[10]
John Bunyan (1628–1688), English writer and preacher best remembered as the author of the religious allegoryThe Pilgrim's Progress. Denslow wrote, "Although it is not known whether he was a Freemason or not, his little-known work Solomon's Temple Spiritualized contains so much Masonic phraseology and dogma that it would be hard to believe that he did not have some knowledge of the Craft."[10]
Luther Burbank, U.S. horticulturist, botanist, agricultural science pioneer; Santa Rosa Lodge No. 57[51]
Robert Burnaby, English explorer and businessman. First Past Master of Victoria Lodge No. 1085, District Grand Master (English) of British Columbia.[172]
Gilbert Burns (1760–1827), Scottish farmer and younger brother of Robert Burns, whose writings have contributed greatly to the bank of knowledge that exists regarding the life of his famous brother. Raised in St. James Lodge, No. 178, Tarbolton, 1 March 1786.[10]
Robert Burns, national poet of Scotland. St. David's Lodge No. 174, Tarbolton.[175]
George Burrington (1682–1759), governor of the Province of North Carolina from January 1724 to April 1725, and again from February 1731 to 1734. Member of the lodge at the "King's Arms on New Bond Street" in London, and his name also appears on the list of members of "Bear and Harrow in Butcher Roe", London, in 1730.[10]
Julius C. Burrows (1837–1915), congressman and senator from Michigan. Past master of Anchor Lodge of Strict Observance No. 87 at Kalamazoo and member of Kalamazoo Chapter, Royal Arch No. 13, and Peninsular Commandery No. 8, Knights Templar.[10]
William Burton (1789–1866), 39th governor of Delaware. Member of Temple Lodge No. 9 and Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Delaware from 1851 to 1852.[10]
Asa S. Bushnell (1834–1904), 40th governor of Ohio. Served as company commander in 152nd Ohio volunteer infantry in American Civil War. Made "Mason at sight".[10]
George E. Bushnell (1887–1965), member of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1934 to 1955. Raised in Taylor Lodge No. 23 at Salem, Virginia, in 1909 and served as master of Sojourners Lodge No. 483 of Detroit in 1925. He received his 33° in 1924. Bushnell was a member of the Masonic Service Association European Committee sent abroad in 1945 to investigate the state of the Craft in Europe following the war.[10]
John Butler (1728–1796), Loyalist who led an irregular militia unit known as Butler's Rangers on the northern frontier in the American Revolutionary War. He was probably raised in Union Lodge No. 1, Albany, New York, and became the first secretary of the famous St. Patrick's Lodge No. 8 at Johnstown, New York, which first met on 23 August 1766. In Canada, after the war, he became a charter member of St. John's Lodge of Friendship No. 2 and served as its master. He became the first grand senior warden of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Upper Canada. Barton Lodge No. 6 (then 10) had many of his former rangers as members, and Brant himself was at one time a member of this lodge.[10]
Richard Butler (general) (1743–1791), officer in the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, who later died fighting Indians in Ohio. He was initiated in Lodge No. 2, Philadelphia, on 14 April 1779, passed 20 April and raised 27 April. He later affiliated with Pennsylvania-Union Lodge, a lodge of the Pennsylvania line, and on 9 January 1787 is recorded as having been admitted to Lodge No. 45 of Pittsburgh. Lodge records show that he visited St. George's Lodge of Schenectady, New York, in June 1779 and later American Union Lodge (military).[10]
John Byrom (1692–1763), FRS English poet and the inventor of a revolutionary system of shorthand. Listed as a member of a lodge held at The Swan in Long Acre, England, 1750.[10]
S. Parkes Cadman (1864–1936), English-born American clergyman, newspaper writer, and pioneer Christian radio broadcaster of the 1920s and 1930s. Member of Independent Royal Arch Lodge No. 2, New York City, and was Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of New York for 28 years.[10]
Charles Alexandre de Calonne (1734–1802), French statesman. His lodge is not known, but he is recorded as a visitor to the Loge des Maitres at Amiens.[10]
Doak S. Campbell (1888–1973), president of Florida State College for Women, as it made the transition from an all-female school under that name to the coeducational Florida State University, between 1941 and 1957. Raised in Buck Range Lodge, Howard County, Arkansas, and later a member of Jackson Lodge No. 1, Tallahassee, Florida. Served as grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Florida.[10]
John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun (1705–1782), British peer and general of the British Army during the French and Indian War. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England in 1736. First Past Grand Master of England to visit a grand lodge in America, when on 31 January 1757 the Festival of St. John the Evangelist was postponed by the Provincial Grand Lodge in Boston so that he might attend.[10]
Manuel Camus, Philippine senator. 12 October 1898, Zetland in the East Lodge No 508 Singapore, under the jurisdiction of the M. W. Grand Lodge of England.[180]
Edward Richard Sprigg Canby (1817–1873), career U.S. Army officer and a Uniongeneral in the American Civil War. According to Denslow he "was a member of a lodge in the East. His body was escorted under auspices of the Craft to the Masonic Temple at Yreka and afterwards conveyed East where he was buried with Masonic honors."[10]
George Canning (1770–1827), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 April 1827 until his death. Member of Royal Somerset House and Inverness No. 4.[10]
Eddie Cantor (c. 1892–1964), American "illustrated song" performer, comedian, dancer, singer, actor, and songwriter. Member of Munn Lodge No. 190, New York City.[10]
Luigi Capello (1859–1941), Italian Army officer during the First World War. According to Denslow, "Mussolini called on him to choose between Freemasonry and Fascism. He chose Freemasonry."[10]
Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907), Italian poet and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917 lists him as a Freemason.[10]
Agostino Carlini (c. 1718–1790), Italian sculptor and painter, who was born in Genoa but settled in England. He was also one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768. Member of the Lodge of Nine Muses No. 325 in London.[10]
Pedro "Peter" Casanave (c. 1766–1796), merchant and politician. As Master of Georgetown Lodge No. 9 of Maryland (now Potomac No. 5 of D.C.) he laid the cornerstone of the White House.[10]
Giacomo Casanova, Venetian adventurer, "lodge of the Duke of Clermont", Paris, 1750[185]
H. G. Michael Clarke (1898–1978), British educator and clergyman. Royal Somerset House & Inverness Lodge No 4, Royal Alpha Lodge No 16, Provincial Grand Master (Warwickshire), and Third Grand Principal (Royal Arch).[204][205]
Henry Clay, speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and Grand Master of Kentucky[6]
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, also known as Mark Twain. American author. Polar Star Lodge No. 79, A.F.& A.M., St. Louis, Missouri. (Suspended for non-payment of dues and later reinstated 24 April 1867. Demitted October 1867, but recorded as having visited Carson City Lodge U.D. in February and March 1868.)[207]
DeWitt Clinton, governor of New York state, Grand Master of New York during the Morgan Affair, Holland Lodge No. 8, New York, 1790[57]
Neil Collings (1946–2010), English Anglican clergyman, and Dean of St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Earl of Mornington Lodge, London (UGLE), Grand Chaplain of UGLE, Third Grand Principal of Supreme Grand Chapter (Royal Arch) of England.[218][219]
Norman Dawe, Canadian ice hockey and sports executive, member of the Elgin Lodge No. 7[260]
William Crosby Dawson, U.S. judge and politician, San Marino Lodge No. 34, F. & A.M, Greensboro, Georgia. Grand Master of Masons in Georgia from 1843 until his death in Greensboro on 6 May 1856.[261]
John Dennis (1931–2020), English clergyman; Bishop of St Edmundsbury & Ipswich. Rutlish Lodge No 4416 (London, then Surrey – lodge relocated).[272][273]
Laurence Dermott, painter, wine merchant and author. Grand Secretary, Ancients Grand Lodge, 1752–1771.[274]
Frédéric Desmons, Protestant priest who persuaded the Grand Orient de France to remove the term of the Great Architect of the Universe from their Constitution[276][277]
^"Freemasons in Space". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ abSources disagree as to both birth and death dates
^Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon A.F. & A.M. (25 February 2002). "Mrs. Elizabeth Aldworth". Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2007. Upon secretly observing the first two degrees of a lodge at labour in her father's home, she was discovered and, after discussion, initiated in the Entered Apprentice and Fellowcraft Degree. A champion of Freemasonry
^ abcdefghijklmnoStoica, Stan (coordinator). Dicţionar de Istorie a României, pp. 153–155. Bucharest: Editura Merona, 2007.
^ abcd(2000) The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN0-521-63099-1
^"Life of Doctor A.A. Ames a Political Tragedy," Minneapolis Morning Tribune, 18 November 1911, pp. 7–8.
^City Bosses in the United States, Duke University Press, 1930, p. 343, cited in Ames, Albert Alonzo "Doc, A.A."Archived 30 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Legislators past and present, Minnesota Legislative Reference Library
^ abc"Pro Grand Master". Encyclopedia of Freemasonry: A Complete Masonic Information Resource. 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
^ abLibrary and Museum of Freemasonry (2010) Freemasons and the Royal Society London
^ abHamill, John; Prescott, Andrew (2006). "'The Masons' Candidate': New Welcome Lodge No. 5139 and the Parliamentary Labour Party". Labour History Review. 71: 9–41. doi:10.1179/174581806X103862.
^ abLibrary and Museum of Freemasonry (2010) Freemasonry and the Royal Society London
^"Famous Masons". Lake Harriet Lodge No 277 AF&AM Minnesota. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^ ab"Famous Masons". Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Missouri PHA-F&AM. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^Semana (11 August 1997). "El Poder de los Masones". www.semana.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
^"La Franc-Maçonnerie au Liban". Grand Orient Arabe Œcuménique (G.O.A.O.) Obédience Maçonnique. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^"Famous Freemasons". Out of darkness light. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
^Wauthier, Claude (1 September 1997). "A strange inheritance". Le Monde diplomatique. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
^"Johann Christian Bach". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 19 March 2001. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^"Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 4 October 1904. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^"Fast facts Edmund Barton". National Archives of Australia. Australia's Prime Ministers. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
^ ab"Masonic Prime Ministers Of Australia". The Lectern. In 'The Lectern' The Official Publication of the W.H.J. Mayers Memorial Lodge of Research Holden Under the Charter of Gregory Lodge No. 50h Uglq. 6 October 2008. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
^Papenheim, Martin (2012). "Suche nach dem Grund allen Seins [The Search for the Reason of all Life]". Damals (in German). No. 5. pp. 24–31.
^"Irving Berlin". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^Randel, Don Michael, ed. (2003). "Freemasonry and Music". The Harvard Dictionary of Music(Google eBook) (4th ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 333–334. ISBN0-674-01163-5. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2012. Other composer-masons include Spohr, Meyerbeer, Mendelssohn, Listz, Puccini, John Philip Sousa, and Irving Berlin
^ abcdGray, David (2012). The History of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM 1971–2011: The Fabric of Freemasonry. Columbus: Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM. p. 414. ISBN978-0-615-63295-7.
^"Lodge Liberation". lodgeliberation.org. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
^"Mel Blanc". www.freemasonry.bcy.ca. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
^In MemoriamArchived 15 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine, in the "Transactions of the Supreme Council of the 33d and last Degree for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America", Scottish Rite (Masonic order), House of the Temple, 1893.
^"Simón Bolívar". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 28 January 2002. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ abOsterrieder, Markus (2010). "Der prophezeite Krieg"(PDF) (in German). CeltoSlavica. p. 10. Archived(PDF) from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2014. Zwar war er im Juli 1887 am Tag der Initiation in die Loge Le Trait d'Union nicht anwesend, obwohl er mehrfach den Antrag auf Aufnahme gestellt hatte, trat jedoch 1895 der sozialistisch orientierten, antikapitalistischen und antiparlamentarischen Loge Les Chevaliers du Travail (gegründet 1893) bei, [...] Vgl Michel Gaudart de Soulages, Hubert Lamant: Dictionnaire des francs-maçons français. Paris 1995, S. 197–198; Henri Casteix: Aristide Briand et la franc-maçonnerie. Histoire sans passion de la franc-maçonnerie française. Paris 1987, ss. 229–236; Encyclopédie de la franc-maçonnerie. Hrsg. v. Eric Sauntier. Paris 1999, S. 146f.; Dictionnaire de la franc –maçonnerie. Hrsg. v. Daniel Ligou. Paris 2004, ss. 243–245.
^Mayeur, Jean Marie (2003). Les parlementaires de la troisième république (in French). Publications de la Sorbonne. p. 114. ISBN978-2-85944-484-6. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2014. La non-appartenance à la franc-maçonnerie d'Aristide Briand, né à Nantes en 1862, s'explique par le fait que la loge Le Trait d'Union Orient de Saint-Nazaire l'avait déclaré "indigne de faire partie de la grande famille maçonnique le 6 septembre 1889".
^Beresiner, Yasha (October 2006). "Rabbi and Mason". Masonic Quarterly (19): 7. Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
^"Hempstead Lodge News"(PDF). Texas: Hempstead Lodge. Archived(PDF) from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
^Freemasons. Grand Lodge of the State of New York. (1886). Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York. New York: The Grand Lodge. p. 95.
^"Alessandro Cagliostro". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 13 May 2001. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ abChurchill, Lord Randolph. "Churchill Freemason". Churchills who were Freemasons. freemasons-freemasonry/com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ abChurchill, Randolph. "Masonic Papers". The Development of the Craft in England. freemasons-freemasonary.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^Carter, Ric (July–August 2012). "Masonic Hero Gets Rites at Reburial"(PDF). The North Carolina Mason. 137 (4). Raleigh: Grand Lodge of A.F.&A.M. of North Carolina: 5, 8. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
^Meades, Jonathan (9 October 2005). "Bigots united". London: Books.guardian.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^"CDATA". Torrance University Lodge #394. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2013. Brother Chester Cooper Conklin – Actor – Keystone Cop – raised Sept. 18, 1916.
^"Freemasons' gift". Boston Guardian. British Newspaper Archive. 30 October 1936. p. 8 col. 3. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
^Rob Tillett, Digital Online Technology Pty Ltd (7 April 2005). "South Australian Freemasonry". Freemasonrysaust.org.au. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^Brittleton, John Thomas (2019). The Provincial Grand Chapter of Cheshire, 150 Year History 1869–2019 (1st ed.). Provincial Grand Chapter of Cheshire. ISBN978-1-84047-007-9.
^Masonic Yearbook. London: United Grand Lodge of England. 1937.
^"Francesco Crispi". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^Marshall, Sandra (29 September 2010). "Abraham Curry". Online Nevada Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
^"Home". Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Jurisdiction of Alabama. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
^L'Estrange, Timothy (2002). The History of the Lodge of Assistance, 1899–2002 (1st ed.). Library & Museum of Freemasonry, London: Lodge of Assistance.
^"Our 'Black Sheep'". Masonicinfo.com. 17 November 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ Written at Library of Freemasonry (Archive), Great Queen Street, London. "The Rutlish Lodge". Rutlish Lodge Summons & Agenda. London: Rutlish Lodge (published 1975): 2. 18 April 1975.
^Witham Matthew Bywater, Notes on Laurence Dermott G.S. and his Work, London, 1884.
Leon Hyneman (World Masonic Register Office) (1860). "World's Masonic register". archive.org. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. p. 236. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018.
"Famous Freemasons". Lodge St. Patrick No.468 Irish Constitution in New Zealand. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
"Famous Freemasons in the course of history". St. John Lodge No 11 F.A.A.M. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2018. (the oldest original or un-merged Masonic Lodge in the District of Columbia)
"List of famous freemasons". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Archived from the original on 4 October 2001. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
"Some Well-known Masons". Dalhousie Lodge F.A. & A.M., Newtonville, Massachusetts. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
"Famous freemasons by category". Grove Lodge No 824 F.A. & A.M. (at Downers Grove, Illinois). Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018 – via usnews.com.
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Lambang Negara Radhanpur, salah satu wilayah kerajaan yang diperintah oleh dinasti Babi. Dinasti Babi atau Babi saja atau juga Babai adalah sebuah masyarakat suku Pashtun di Subbenua India yang berasal dari keturunan Pashtun Afghan, tetapi sekarang lebih banyak menduduki wilayah India. Masyarakat ini melacak leluhurnya hingga pada sebuah dinasti yang didirikan pada 1654 oleh Sherkhanji Babi (memerintah pada 1654–1690).[1] Naib terakhir dari Junagadh meninggalkan India setelah peristiwa…
Masjid Wilayah Persekutuanمسجد المنطقة الفدراليةAgamaAfiliasiIslam – SunniProvinsiKuala LumpurLokasiLokasiKuala LumpurNegara MalaysiaArsitekturTipeMasjidGaya arsitekturMelayu dengan sedikit sentuhan arsitektur UtsmaniyahDidirikan1998SpesifikasiKapasitas17,000Kubah22Menara2 Masjid Wilayah Persekutuan (bahasa Arab: مسجد المنطقة الفدرالية) adalah sebuah masjid yang berada di kawasan Kompleks Pusat Pameran dan Konvensi Matrade, kota Kuala Lumpur, Provin…
Serangan Nice 2016Promenade des Anglais tahun 2004Jalur penyerangan di Promenade des AnglaisLokasiPromenade des Anglais, Nice, PrancisKoordinat43°41′37″N 7°15′20″E / 43.693616°N 7.255654°E / 43.693616; 7.255654Koordinat: 43°41′37″N 7°15′20″E / 43.693616°N 7.255654°E / 43.693616; 7.255654Tanggal14 Juli 2016 (2016-07-14) (Hari Bastille) c. 22:45 CEST (UTC+02:00)SasaranPenonton perayaan Hari BastilleJenis seranganSerangan …
Diagram ini menunjukkan orbit satelit iregular Saturnus. Di tengah, orbit Titan, sebuah satelit yang regular, ditandai dengan warna merah sebagai perbandingan. Suttungr (satelit) adalah satelit alami dari planet Saturnus. Saturnus memiliki 62 satelit, dengan 53 di antaranya telah dinamai dan hanya 13 di antaranya memiliki diameter lebih besar dari 50 kilometer. Referensi http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Display=Sats&Object=Saturn Diarsipkan 2014-04-16 di Wayback Machine.
Shohei ImamuraLahir(1926-09-15)15 September 1926Tokyo, JepangMeninggal30 Mei 2006(2006-05-30) (umur 79)Tokyo, JepangPekerjaansutradara, penulis latar, asisten sutradara, produser, aktorTahun aktif1951–2002PenghargaanGolden Palm1983 The Ballad of Narayama1997 The Eel Japan Academy Prize Picture of the Year1980 Vengeance Is Mine1984 The Ballad of Narayama1990 Black Rain Penghargaan Akademi Jepang untuk Sutradara Tahun Ini1980 Vengeance Is Mine1990 Black Rain1998 The Eel Shohei Imamura …
State highway in North Carolina, US Not to be confused with Interstate 73 in North Carolina. North Carolina Highway 73Map of southern North Carolina with NC 73 highlighted in redRoute informationMaintained by NCDOTLength118.5 mi[1] (190.7 km)Existed1934–presentTouristroutes Pee Dee Valley Drive Sandhills Scenic Drive Indian Heritage TrailMajor junctionsWest end NC 27 near LincolntonMajor intersections I-77 near Huntersville I-85 near Concord US 52…
American baseball player Baseball player Rube BresslerLeft fielder / PitcherBorn: (1894-10-23)October 23, 1894Coder, Pennsylvania, U.S.Died: November 7, 1966(1966-11-07) (aged 72)Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: LeftMLB debutApril 24, 1914, for the Philadelphia AthleticsLast MLB appearanceJuly 17, 1932, for the St. Louis CardinalsMLB statisticsBatting average.301Home runs32Runs batted in586Win–loss record26–32Earned run average3.40Strikeouts229 Tea…
2001 film by Pang Ho-cheung This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: You Shoot, I Shoot – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) You Shoot, I ShootTraditional Chinese買兇拍人Simplified Chinese买凶拍人Hanyu PinyinMǎi Xiōng…
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento governi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Governo Giolitti II Stato Italia Presidente del ConsiglioGiovanni Giolitti(Sinistra storica) CoalizioneSinistra storica LegislaturaXXII Giuramento3 novembre 1903 Dimissioni4 marzo 1905 Governo successivoTittoni16 marzo 1905 Zanardelli Tittoni Il Governo Giolitti…
Illegal in Russia Prostitution is illegal in Russia. The punishment for engagement in prostitution is a fine from 1500 up to 2000 rubles.[1] Moreover, organizing prostitution is punishable by a prison term. Prostitution remains a very serious social issue in Russia.[2][3][4][5] Historical overview See also: Karayuki-san Yellow tickets were special ID cards issued to prostitutes Prostitution in Russia became common after Peter the Great's military reforms t…
Filipino Benedictine deacon and activist In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Nuqui and the surname or paternal family name is Tayag. Carlos TayagO.S.B.Detail of the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, showing names from the first batch of Bantayog Honorees, including that of Carlos Tayag.PersonalBorn(1942-08-24)August 24, 1942Angeles, Pampanga, Commonwealth of the PhilippinesDiedAugust 17, 1976 (aged 33)Quezon City, PhilippinesCause of…
Intersection of cylinders Steinmetz solid (intersection of two cylinders) In geometry, a Steinmetz solid is the solid body obtained as the intersection of two or three cylinders of equal radius at right angles. Each of the curves of the intersection of two cylinders is an ellipse. The intersection of two cylinders is called a bicylinder. Topologically, it is equivalent to a square hosohedron. The intersection of three cylinders is called a tricylinder. A bisected bicylinder is called a vault, …
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang Kejuaraan Bola Voli Eropa kategori putri. Untuk kotegori putra, lihat Kejuaraan Bola Voli Eropa – putra. Kejuaraan Bola Voli Putri EropaMusim atau kompetisi terkini: Kejuaraan Bola Voli Eropa 2015 – putriOlahragaBola voliDidirikan1949Jumlah tim16 (putaran final)BenuaEropa (CEV)Juaraterkini Rusia (gelar ke-19)Juara terbanyak Rusia (19 gelar) Kejuaraan Bola Voli Eropa – putri (bahasa Inggris: European Volleyball Championship – Women) adalah komp…
