List of appointed United States senators
This article lists all appointed United States senators since the 1913 ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which established the direct election of senators, as well as means of filling vacant Senate seats.[1]
Text of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.[1]
Gubernatorial appointment governing Senate vacancies
Laws per state for filling vacancies in the U.S. Senate Filled by gubernatorial appointment until next statewide election
Filled by gubernatorial appointment until next statewide election, requires appointee from same party as the previous incumbent
Filled by gubernatorial appointment, followed by proximate special election
No gubernatorial appointments, filled by proximate special election
Filling vacancies by special election
The following states require Senate vacancies to be filled only by elections and do not allow state governors to fill them through appointments.[2]
Filling vacancies by gubernatorial appointment followed by a proximate special election
The following 8 states allow state governors to fill Senate vacancies through appointments. However, a special election must be held within a few months of the vacancy.[2]
Filling vacancies by gubernatorial appointment through the next election
The following 38 states allow state governors to fill Senate vacancies through appointments. An appointed senator may serve out the balance of the term or until after the next statewide general election.[2]
^ a b c d e f g Requires the governor to appoint a replacement senator from the same party as the previous incumbent.
^ a b c Requires the governor to select a candidate from a list of three prospective appointees submitted by the political party of the previous incumbent.
Appointments of senators-elect to the Senate
In the past, retiring or defeated senators often resigned after the general election but before the expiration of their term due to various reasons.
One of the common reason was to allow state governors to appoint their successors to the vacated seat. This enabled their successors to gain extra seniority over other freshmen senators for the purposes of obtaining choice committee assignments. This practice ended in 1980 after both parties established new party rules that no longer gave seniority to senators who entered Congress early by being appointed to fill the vacancy just before the end of a Congress. Seniority still counted in obtaining choice of office and parking space assignments.[3] [4]
In the election years of 1966, 1974 and 1978, changes to pension laws made it advantageous for senators to resign before December 31, rather than wait until their term expired in early January, contributing to the increase in the number of appointed senators.[5]
In addition, 3 senators died after the election of their successors, allowing their successors to be appointed and take office early.[6]
Number of appointed senators since the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment
There have been a total of 242 senators appointed to the United States Senate since the 1913 ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, including 200 appointments made before the next scheduled or special election and 42 appointments made of senators-elect who have already been elected to the seat.
List of individuals appointed to the Senate
The following is a list of individuals appointed to the Senate preceding an election. Only appointments made after the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of senators, are included. The Senate Historical Office does not maintain records of senators who were appointed before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment.[7]
For a list of senators-elect appointed to the Senate after being elected, see List of senators-elect appointed to the Senate .
Key
State (Class)
Appointee[7]
Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term[note 1]
Electoral history of appointee
Appointed by
Original senator
Term start[note 2]
Term end
Tenure
Immediate election following appointment
Elections won
Georgia (Class 2)
William Stanley West (D)
March 2, 1914
November 3, 1914
246 days
Did not seek election.
–
John M. Slaton (D)
Augustus Octavius Bacon (D)
[8]
Kentucky (Class 3)
Johnson N. Camden Jr. (D)
June 16, 1914
March 4, 1915
261 days
Elected in the 1914 special election .
1914 (Special)
James B. McCreary (D)
William O'Connell Bradley (R)
[9]
Indiana (Class 3)
Thomas Taggart (D)
March 20, 1916
November 7, 1916
232 days
Defeated in the 1916 special election .
–
Samuel M. Ralston (D)
Benjamin F. Shively (D)
[10]
Oregon (Class 2)
Charles L. McNary (R)
May 29, 1917
November 5, 1918
1 year, 160 days
Did not run in the 1918 special election but was elected in the 1918 election held on the same day.
1918 1924 1930 1936 1942
James Withycombe (R)
Harry Lane (D)
[11]
Nevada (Class 3)
Charles Henderson (D)
January 12, 1918
March 4, 1921
3 years, 51 days
Elected in the 1918 special election .
1918 (Special)
Emmet D. Boyle (D)
Francis G. Newlands (D)
[12]
Idaho (Class 3)
John F. Nugent (D)
January 22, 1918
January 14, 1921
2 years, 358 days
Elected in the 1918 special election .
1918 (Special)
Moses Alexander (D)
James H. Brady (R)
[13]
New Jersey (Class 2)
David Baird Sr. (R)
February 23, 1918
March 4, 1919
1 year, 9 days
Elected in the 1918 special election .
1918 (Special)
Walter Evans Edge (R)
William Hughes (D)
[14]
Louisiana (Class 3)
Walter Guion (D)
April 22, 1918
November 5, 1918
197 days
Did not seek election.
–
Ruffin Pleasant (D)
Robert F. Broussard (D)
[15]
Missouri (Class 3)
Xenophon P. Wilfley (D)
April 30, 1918
November 5, 1918
189 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1918 special election .
–
Frederick D. Gardner (D)
William J. Stone (D)
[16]
South Carolina (Class 2)
Christie Benet (D)
July 6, 1918
November 5, 1918
122 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1918 special election .
–
Richard Irvine Manning III (D)
Benjamin Tillman (D)
[17]
New Hampshire (Class 3)
Irving W. Drew (R)
September 2, 1918
November 5, 1918
64 days
Did not seek election.
–
Henry W. Keyes (R)
Jacob Harold Gallinger (R)
[18]
Kentucky (Class 2)
George B. Martin (D)
September 7, 1918
March 4, 1919
178 days
Did not seek election.
–
Augustus Owsley Stanley (D)
Ollie Murray James (D)
[19]
Virginia (Class 2)
Carter Glass (D)
February 2, 1920
March 4, 1925
5 years, 30 days
Elected in the 1920 special election .
1920 (Special) 1924 1930 1936 1942
Westmoreland Davis (D)
Thomas S. Martin (D)
[20]
Alabama (Class 2)
B. B. Comer (D)
March 5, 1920
November 2, 1920
242 days
Did not seek election.
–
Thomas Kilby (D)
John H. Bankhead (D)
[21]
New Mexico (Class 2)
Holm O. Bursum (R)
March 11, 1921
March 4, 1925
3 years, 358 days
Elected in the 1921 special election .
1921 (Special)
Merritt C. Mechem (R)
Albert B. Fall (R)
[22]
Delaware (Class 1)
T. Coleman du Pont (R)
July 7, 1921
November 7, 1922
1 year, 123 days
Defeated in the 1922 special election .
1924
William D. Denney (R)
Josiah O. Wolcott (D)
[23]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)
William E. Crow (R)
October 24, 1921
August 2, 1922
282 days
Died in office.
–
William Cameron Sproul (R)
Philander C. Knox (R)
[24]
Pennsylvania (Class 3)
George W. Pepper (R)
January 9, 1922
March 4, 1927
5 years, 54 days
Elected in the 1922 special election .
1922 (Special)
William Cameron Sproul (R)
Boies Penrose (R)
[25]
Iowa (Class 2)
Charles A. Rawson (R)
February 24, 1922
November 7, 1922
256 days
Did not seek election.
–
Nathan E. Kendall (R)
William S. Kenyon (R)
[26]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)
David A. Reed (R)
August 8, 1922
March 4, 1923
208 days
Elected in the 1922 special election .
1922 (Special) 1922 1928
William Cameron Sproul (R)
William E. Crow (R)[note 3]
[27]
Georgia (Class 3)
Rebecca Latimer Felton (D)
October 3, 1922
November 22, 1922
50 days
Did not seek election.
–
Thomas W. Hardwick (D)
Thomas E. Watson (D)
[28]
Michigan (Class 2)
James J. Couzens (R)
November 29, 1922
March 4, 1925
2 years, 95 days
Elected in the 1924 election .
1924 1930
Alex J. Groesbeck (R)
Truman Handy Newberry (R)
[29]
Colorado (Class 3)
Alva B. Adams (D)
May 17, 1923
November 30, 1924
1 year, 197 days
Did not run in the 1924 special election and was defeated in the 1924 election .
1932 1938
William Ellery Sweet (D)
Samuel D. Nicholson (R)
[30]
Massachusetts (Class 1)
William M. Butler (R)
November 13, 1924
December 6, 1926
2 years, 23 days
Defeated in the 1926 special election .
–
Channing H. Cox (R)
Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
[31]
Missouri (Class 3)
George Howard Williams (R)
May 25, 1925
December 5, 1926
1 year, 194 days
Defeated in the 1926 special election .
–
Sam Aaron Baker (R)
Selden P. Spencer (R)
[32]
Indiana (Class 1)
Arthur Raymond Robinson (R)
October 20, 1925
March 4, 1929
3 years, 135 days
Elected in the 1926 special election .
1926 (Special) 1928
Edward L. Jackson (R)
Samuel M. Ralston (D)
[33]
North Dakota (Class 3)
Gerald Nye (R)
November 14, 1925
March 4, 1927
1 year, 110 days
Elected in the 1926 special election .
1926 (Special) 1926 1932 1938
Arthur G. Sorlie ( )
Edwin F. Ladd (R)
[34]
Iowa (Class 3)
David W. Stewart (R)
August 7, 1926
March 4, 1927
209 days
Elected in the 1926 special election .
1926 (Special)
John Hammill (R)
Albert B. Cummins (R)
[35]
New Mexico (Class 1)
Bronson M. Cutting (R)
December 29, 1927
December 6, 1928
343 days
Did not run in the 1928 special election but was elected in the 1928 election held on the same day.
1928 1934
Richard C. Dillon (R)
Andrieus A. Jones (D)
[36]
Michigan (Class 1)
Arthur Vandenberg (R)
March 31, 1928
March 4, 1929
338 days
Elected in the 1928 special election .
1928 (Special) 1928 1934 1940 1946
Fred W. Green (R)
Woodbridge N. Ferris (D)
[37]
Ohio (Class 3)
Cyrus Locher (D)
April 4, 1928
December 14, 1928
254 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1928 special election .
–
A. Victor Donahey (D)
Frank B. Willis (R)
[38]
Idaho (Class 3)
John Thomas (R)
June 30, 1928
March 4, 1933
4 years, 247 days
Elected in the 1928 special election .
1928 (Special) 1940 (Special) 1942
H. C. Baldridge (R)
Frank R. Gooding (R)
[39]
Delaware (Class 2)
Daniel O. Hastings (R)
December 10, 1928
March 4, 1931
2 years, 84 days
Elected in the 1930 special election .
1930 (Special) 1930
Robert P. Robinson (R)
T. Coleman du Pont (R)
[40]
Kansas (Class 3)
Henry Justin Allen (R)
April 1, 1929
November 30, 1930
1 year, 243 days
Defeated in the 1930 special election .
–
Clyde M. Reed (R)
Charles Curtis (R)
[41]
Tennessee (Class 2)
William Emerson Brock (D)
September 2, 1929
March 4, 1931
1 year, 183 days
Did not seek election.
–
Henry Hollis Horton (D)
Lawrence Tyson (D)
[42]
Ohio (Class 3)
Roscoe C. McCulloch (R)
November 5, 1929
November 30, 1930
1 year, 25 days
Defeated in the 1930 special election .
–
Myers Y. Cooper (R)
Theodore E. Burton (R)
[43]
New Jersey (Class 2)
David Baird Jr. (R)
November 30, 1929
December 2, 1930
1 year, 2 days
Did not seek election.
–
Morgan Foster Larson (R)
Walter Evans Edge (R)
[44]
Wyoming (Class 2)
Patrick Joseph Sullivan (R)
December 5, 1929
November 20, 1930
350 days
Did not seek election.
–
Frank Emerson (R)
Francis E. Warren (R)
[45]
Pennsylvania (Class 3)
Joseph R. Grundy (R)
December 11, 1929
December 1, 1930
355 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1930 special election .
–
John Stuchell Fisher (R)
William Scott Vare (R)[note 4]
[46]
Kentucky (Class 2)
John M. Robsion (R)
January 11, 1930
November 30, 1930
323 days
Defeated in the 1930 special election .
–
Flem D. Sampson (R)
Frederic M. Sackett (R)
[47]
North Carolina (Class 3)
Cameron A. Morrison (D)
December 13, 1930
December 4, 1932
1 year, 357 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1932 special election .
–
Oliver Max Gardner (D)
Lee Slater Overman (D)
[48]
Vermont (Class 1)
Frank C. Partridge (R)
December 23, 1930
March 31, 1931
98 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1931 special election .
–
John E. Weeks (R)
Frank L. Greene (R)
[49]
Arkansas (Class 3)
Hattie Wyatt Caraway (D)
November 13, 1931
March 4, 1933
1 year, 111 days
Elected in the 1932 special election .
1932 (Special) 1932 1938
Harvey Parnell (D)
Thaddeus H. Caraway (D)
[50]
New Jersey (Class 2)
William Warren Barbour (R)
December 1, 1931
March 4, 1933
1 year, 93 days
Elected in the 1932 special election .
1932 (Special) 1938 (Special) 1940
Morgan Foster Larson (R)
Dwight Morrow (R)
[51]
Georgia (Class 2)
John S. Cohen (D)
April 25, 1932
January 11, 1933
261 days
Did not seek election.
–
Richard Russell Jr. (D)
William J. Harris (D)
[52]
Colorado (Class 3)
Walter Walker (D)
September 26, 1932
December 6, 1932
71 days
Defeated in the 1932 special election .
–
Billy Adams (D)
Charles W. Waterman (R)
[53]
Washington (Class 3)
Elijah S. Grammer (R)
November 22, 1932
March 4, 1933
102 days
Did not seek election.
–
Roland H. Hartley (R)
Wesley Livsey Jones (R)
[54]
Tennessee (Class 2)
Nathan L. Bachman (D)
February 28, 1933
January 3, 1937
3 years, 310 days
Elected in the 1934 special election .
1934 (Special) 1936
Hill McAlister (D)
Cordell Hull (D)
[55]
Virginia (Class 1)
Harry F. Byrd (D)
March 4, 1933
January 3, 1935
1 year, 305 days
Elected in the 1933 special election .
1933 (Special) 1934 1940 1946 1952 1958 1964
John Garland Pollard (D)
Claude A. Swanson (D)
[56]
Montana (Class 2)
John E. Erickson (D)
March 13, 1933
November 6, 1934
1 year, 238 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1934 special election .
–
Frank Henry Cooney (D)
Thomas J. Walsh (D)
[57]
Nebraska (Class 1)
William Henry Thompson (D)
May 24, 1933
November 6, 1934
1 year, 166 days
Did not seek election.
–
Charles W. Bryan (D)
Robert B. Howell (R)
[58]
New Mexico (Class 2)
Carl Hatch (D)
October 10, 1933
January 3, 1937
3 years, 85 days
Elected in the 1934 special election .
1934 (Special) 1936 1942
Andrew W. Hockenhull (D)
Sam G. Bratton (D)
[59]
Vermont (Class 3)
Ernest Willard Gibson (R)
November 21, 1933
January 3, 1939
5 years, 43 days
Elected in the 1934 special election .
1934 (Special) 1938
Stanley C. Wilson (R)
Porter H. Dale (R)
[60]
Wyoming (Class 1)
Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D)
January 1, 1934
January 3, 1935
1 year, 2 days
Elected in the 1934 special election .
1934 (Special) 1934 1940 1946 1954 (Special) 1954
Leslie A. Miller (D)
John B. Kendrick (D)
[61]
New Mexico (Class 1)
Dennis Chávez (D)
May 11, 1935
January 3, 1941
5 years, 237 days
Elected in the 1936 special election .
1936 (Special) 1940 1946 1952 1958
Clyde Tingley (D)
Bronson M. Cutting (R)
[62]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Elmer Austin Benson ( )
December 27, 1935
November 3, 1936
312 days
Did not seek election.
–
Floyd B. Olson ( )
Thomas D. Schall (R)
[63]
Louisiana (Class 2)
Rose McConnell Long (D)
January 31, 1936
January 3, 1937
338 days
Elected in the 1936 special election .
1936 (Special)
James A. Noe (D)
Huey Long (D)
[64]
Florida (Class 1)
Scott Loftin (D)
May 26, 1936
November 3, 1936
161 days
Did not seek election.
–
David Sholtz (D)
Park Trammell (D)
[65]
Florida (Class 3)
William Luther Hill (D)
July 1, 1936
November 3, 1936
125 days
Did not seek election.
–
David Sholtz (D)
Duncan U. Fletcher (D)
[66]
South Dakota (Class 3)
Herbert E. Hitchcock (D)
December 29, 1936
November 8, 1938
1 year, 314 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1938 special election .
–
Tom Berry (D)
Peter Norbeck (R)
[67]
Tennessee (Class 2)
George L. Berry (D)
May 6, 1937
November 8, 1938
1 year, 186 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1938 special election .
–
Gordon Browning (D)
Nathan L. Bachman (D)
[68]
Alabama (Class 3)
Dixie Bibb Graves (D)
August 20, 1937
January 10, 1938
143 days
Did not seek election.
–
Bibb Graves (D)
Hugo Black (D)
[69]
Alabama (Class 3)
J. Lister Hill (D)
January 11, 1938
January 3, 1939
357 days
Elected in the 1938 special election .
1938 (Special) 1938 1944 1950 1956 1962
Bibb Graves (D)
Dixie Bibb Graves (D)[note 5]
[70]
New Jersey (Class 1)
John Gerald Milton (D)
January 18, 1938
November 8, 1938
294 days
Did not seek election.
–
A. Harry Moore (D)
A. Harry Moore (D)
[71]
Oregon (Class 3)
Alfred E. Reames (D)
February 1, 1938
November 8, 1938
280 days
Did not seek election.
–
Charles Martin (D)
Frederick Steiwer (R)
[72]
California (Class 3)
Thomas M. Storke (D)
November 9, 1938
January 3, 1939
55 days
Did not seek election.
–
Frank Merriam (R)
William Gibbs McAdoo (D)
[73]
Illinois (Class 2)
James M. Slattery (D)
April 14, 1939
November 21, 1940
1 year, 221 days
Defeated in the 1940 special election .
–
Henry Horner (D)
J. Hamilton Lewis (D)
[74]
Kentucky (Class 2)
Happy Chandler (D)
October 10, 1939
January 3, 1943
3 years, 85 days
Elected in the 1940 special election .
1940 (Special) 1942
Keen Johnson (D)
M. M. Logan (D)
[75]
Idaho (Class 2)
John Thomas (R)
January 27, 1940
January 3, 1943
2 years, 341 days
Elected in the 1940 special election .
1940 (Special) 1942
C. A. Bottolfsen (R)
William Borah (R)
[39]
Vermont (Class 3)
Ernest W. Gibson Jr. (R)
June 24, 1940
January 3, 1941
342 days
Did not seek election.
–
George Aiken (R)
Ernest Willard Gibson (R)
[76]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Joseph H. Ball (R)
October 14, 1940
November 17, 1942
2 years, 34 days
Did not run in the 1942 special election but was elected in the 1942 election held on the same day.
1942
Harold Stassen (R)
Ernest Lundeen ( )
[77]
Nevada (Class 1)
Berkeley L. Bunker (D)
November 27, 1940
December 6, 1942
2 years, 9 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1942 special election .
–
Edward P. Carville (D)
Key Pittman (D)
[78]
West Virginia (Class 2)
Joseph Rosier (D)
January 13, 1941
November 17, 1942
1 year, 308 days
Defeated in the 1942 special election .
–
Matthew M. Neely (D)
Matthew M. Neely (D)
[79]
Arkansas (Class 2)
G. Lloyd Spencer (D)
April 1, 1941
January 3, 1943
1 year, 277 days
Did not seek election.
–
Homer Martin Adkins (D)
John E. Miller (D)
[80]
Texas (Class 2)
Andrew Jackson Houston (D)
April 21, 1941
June 26, 1941
66 days
Died in office.
–
W. Lee O'Daniel (D)
Morris Sheppard (D)
[81]
Mississippi (Class 2)
James Eastland (D)
June 30, 1941
September 28, 1941
90 days
Did not run in the 1941 special election but was elected in the 1942 election held in the following year.
1942 1948 1954 1960 1966 1972
Paul B. Johnson Sr. (D)
Pat Harrison (D)
[82]
South Carolina (Class 2)
Alva M. Lumpkin (D)
July 22, 1941
August 1, 1941
10 days
Died in office.
–
Burnet R. Maybank (D)
James F. Byrnes (D)
[83]
South Carolina (Class 2)
Roger C. Peace (D)
August 5, 1941
November 4, 1941
91 days
Did not seek election.
–
Burnet R. Maybank (D)
Alva M. Lumpkin (D)[note 6]
[84]
Colorado (Class 3)
Eugene Millikin (R)
December 20, 1941
January 3, 1945
3 years, 14 days
Elected in the 1942 special election .
1942 (Special) 1944 1950
Ralph Lawrence Carr (R)
Alva B. Adams (D)
[85]
New Jersey (Class 1)
Arthur Walsh (D)
November 26, 1943
December 7, 1944
1 year, 11 days
Did not seek election.
–
Charles Edison (D)
William Warren Barbour (R)
[86]
Indiana (Class 3)
Samuel D. Jackson (D)
January 28, 1944
November 13, 1944
290 days
Did not seek election.
–
Henry F. Schricker (D)
Frederick Van Nuys (D)
[87]
Massachusetts (Class 2)
Sinclair Weeks (R)
February 8, 1944
December 19, 1944
315 days
Did not seek election.
–
Leverett Saltonstall (R)
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (R)
[88]
Oregon (Class 2)
Guy Cordon (R)
March 4, 1944
January 3, 1949
4 years, 305 days
Elected in the 1944 special election .
1944 (Special) 1948
Earl Snell (R)
Charles L. McNary (R)
[89]
South Carolina (Class 3)
Wilton E. Hall (D)
November 20, 1944
January 3, 1945
44 days
Did not seek election.
–
Olin D. Johnston (D)
Ellison D. Smith (D)
[90]
Washington (Class 1)
Hugh Mitchell (D)
January 10, 1945
December 25, 1946
1 year, 349 days
Defeated in the 1946 election .
–
Monrad Wallgren (D)
Monrad Wallgren (D)
[91]
Missouri (Class 1)
Frank P. Briggs (D)
January 18, 1945
January 3, 1947
1 year, 350 days
Defeated in the 1946 election .
–
Phil M. Donnelly (D)
Harry S. Truman (D)
[92]
Connecticut (Class 1)
Thomas C. Hart (R)
February 15, 1945
November 5, 1946
1 year, 263 days
Did not seek election.
–
Raymond E. Baldwin (R)
Francis T. Maloney (D)
[93]
North Dakota (Class 3)
Milton Young (R)
March 12, 1945
January 3, 1951
5 years, 297 days
Elected in the 1946 special election .
1946 (Special) 1950 1956 1962 1968 1974
Fred G. Aandahl (R)
John Moses (D)
[94]
Nevada (Class 1)
Edward P. Carville (D)
July 25, 1945
January 3, 1947
1 year, 162 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1946 election .
–
Vail M. Pittman (D)
James G. Scrugham (D)
[95]
California (Class 1)
William Knowland (R)
August 26, 1945
January 3, 1947
1 year, 130 days
Elected in the 1946 special election .
1946 (Special) 1946 1952
Earl Warren (R)
Hiram Johnson (R)
[96]
Ohio (Class 1)
James W. Huffman (D)
October 8, 1945
November 5, 1946
1 year, 28 days
Did not run in the 1946 special election and was defeated in the 1946 election .
–
Frank Lausche (D)
Harold Hitz Burton (R)
[97]
Idaho (Class 2)
Charles C. Gossett (D)
November 17, 1945
November 6, 1946
354 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1946 special election .
–
Arnold Williams (D)
John Thomas (R)
[98]
Kentucky (Class 2)
William A. Stanfill (R)
November 19, 1945
November 5, 1946
351 days
Did not seek election.
–
Simeon Willis (R)
Happy Chandler (D)
[99]
Virginia (Class 2)
Thomas G. Burch (D)
May 31, 1946
November 5, 1946
158 days
Did not seek election.
–
William M. Tuck (D)
Carter Glass (D)
[100]
Alabama (Class 2)
George R. Swift (D)
June 15, 1946
November 5, 1946
143 days
Did not seek election.
–
Chauncey Sparks (D)
John H. Bankhead II (D)
[101]
Florida (Class 1)
Spessard Holland (D)
September 25, 1946
January 3, 1947
100 days
Elected in the 1946 election .
1946 1952 1958 1964
Millard Caldwell (D)
Charles O. Andrews (D)
[102]
Vermont (Class 1)
Ralph Flanders (R)
November 1, 1946
January 3, 1947
63 days
Elected in the 1946 election .
1946 1952
Mortimer R. Proctor (R)
Warren Austin (R)
[103]
North Carolina (Class 2)
William B. Umstead (D)
December 18, 1946
December 30, 1948
2 years, 12 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1948 special election .
–
R. Gregg Cherry (D)
Josiah Bailey (D)
[104]
Louisiana (Class 3)
William C. Feazel (D)
May 18, 1948
December 30, 1948
226 days
Did not seek election.
–
Earl Long (D)
John H. Overton (D)
[105]
South Dakota (Class 2)
Vera C. Bushfield (R)
October 6, 1948
December 26, 1948
81 days
Did not seek election.
–
George Theodore Mickelson (R)
Harlan J. Bushfield (R)
[106]
Kentucky (Class 3)
Garrett Withers (D)
January 20, 1949
November 26, 1950
1 year, 310 days
Did not seek election.
–
Earle Clements (D)
Alben W. Barkley (D)
[107]
North Carolina (Class 2)
Frank Porter Graham (D)
March 29, 1949
November 26, 1950
1 year, 242 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1950 special election .
–
W. Kerr Scott (D)
J. Melville Broughton (D)
[108]
New York (Class 3)
John Foster Dulles (R)
July 7, 1949
November 8, 1949
124 days
Defeated in the 1949 special election .
–
Thomas E. Dewey (R)
Robert F. Wagner (D)
[109]
Rhode Island (Class 1)
Edward L. Leahy (D)
August 24, 1949
December 18, 1950
1 year, 116 days
Did not seek election.
–
John Pastore (D)
J. Howard McGrath (D)
[110]
Idaho (Class 2)
Henry Dworshak (R)
October 14, 1949
January 3, 1955
5 years, 81 days
Elected in the 1950 special election .
1946 (Special) 1950 (Special) 1954 1960
C. A. Robins (R)
Bert H. Miller (D)
[111]
Kansas (Class 3)
Harry Darby (R)
December 2, 1949
November 28, 1950
361 days
Did not seek election.
–
Frank Carlson (R)
Clyde M. Reed (R)
[112]
Connecticut (Class 1)
William Benton (D)
December 17, 1949
January 3, 1953
3 years, 17 days
Elected in the 1950 special election .
1950 (Special)
Chester Bowles (D)
Raymond E. Baldwin (R)
[113]
Kentucky (Class 2)
Thomas R. Underwood (D)
March 19, 1951
November 4, 1952
1 year, 230 days
Defeated in the 1952 special election .
–
Lawrence Wetherby (D)
Virgil Chapman (D)
[114]
Michigan (Class 1)
Blair Moody (D)
April 23, 1951
November 4, 1952
1 year, 195 days
Defeated in the 1952 special election .
–
G. Mennen Williams (D)
Arthur Vandenberg (R)
[115]
Nebraska (Class 2)
Fred A. Seaton (R)
December 10, 1951
November 4, 1952
330 days
Did not seek election.
–
Val Peterson (R)
Kenneth S. Wherry (R)
[116]
Connecticut (Class 3)
William A. Purtell (R)
August 29, 1952
November 4, 1952
67 days
Did not seek election.
1952 .
John Davis Lodge (R)
Brien McMahon (D)
[117]
California (Class 3)
Thomas Kuchel (R)
January 2, 1953
January 3, 1957
4 years, 1 day
Elected in the 1954 special election .
1954 (Special) 1956 1962
Earl Warren (R)
Richard Nixon (R)
[118]
North Carolina (Class 2)
Alton Lennon (D)
July 10, 1953
November 28, 1954
1 year, 141 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1954 special election .
–
William B. Umstead (D)
Willis Smith (D)
[119]
New Hampshire (Class 2)
Robert W. Upton (R)
August 14, 1953
November 7, 1954
1 year, 85 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1954 special election .
–
Hugh Gregg (R)
Charles W. Tobey (R)
[120]
Ohio (Class 3)
Thomas A. Burke (D)
November 10, 1953
December 2, 1954
1 year, 22 days
Defeated in the 1954 special election .
–
Frank Lausche (D)
Robert A. Taft (R)
[121]
Nebraska (Class 2)
Eva Bowring (R)
April 16, 1954
November 7, 1954
205 days
Did not seek election.
–
Robert B. Crosby (R)
Dwight Griswold (R)
[122]
North Carolina (Class 3)
Sam Ervin (D)
June 5, 1954
January 3, 1957
2 years, 212 days
Elected in the 1954 special election .
1954 (Special) 1956 1962 1968
William B. Umstead (D)
Clyde R. Hoey (D)
[123]
Wyoming (Class 2)
Edward D. Crippa (R)
June 24, 1954
November 28, 1954
157 days
Did not seek election.
–
Clifford Joy Rogers (R)
Lester C. Hunt (D)
[124]
Nebraska (Class 1)
Samuel W. Reynolds (R)
July 3, 1954
November 7, 1954
127 days
Did not seek election.
–
Robert B. Crosby (R)
Hugh A. Butler (R)
[125]
South Carolina (Class 2)
Charles E. Daniel (D)
September 6, 1954
December 23, 1954
108 days
Did not seek election.
–
James F. Byrnes (D)
Burnet R. Maybank (D)
[126]
Nevada (Class 3)
Ernest S. Brown (R)
October 1, 1954
December 1, 1954
61 days
Defeated in the 1954 special election .
–
Charles H. Russell (R)
Pat McCarran (D)
[127]
West Virginia (Class 1)
William Laird III (D)
March 13, 1956
November 6, 1956
238 days
Did not seek election.
–
William C. Marland (D)
Harley M. Kilgore (D)
[128]
South Carolina (Class 2)
Thomas A. Wofford (D)
April 5, 1956
November 6, 1956
215 days
Did not seek election.
–
George Bell Timmerman Jr. (D)
Strom Thurmond (D)
[129]
Kentucky (Class 2)
Robert Humphreys (D)
June 21, 1956
November 6, 1956
138 days
Did not seek election.
–
Happy Chandler (D)
Alben W. Barkley (D)
[130]
Texas (Class 1)
William A. Blakley (D)
January 15, 1957
April 28, 1957
103 days
Did not seek election.
–
Price Daniel (D)
Price Daniel (D)
[131]
West Virginia (Class 2)
John D. Hoblitzell Jr. (R)
January 25, 1958
November 4, 1958
283 days
Defeated in the 1958 special election .
–
Cecil H. Underwood (R)
Matthew M. Neely (D)
[132]
North Carolina (Class 2)
B. Everett Jordan (D)
April 19, 1958
January 3, 1961
2 years, 259 days
Elected in the 1958 special election .
1958 (Special) 1960 1966
Luther H. Hodges (D)
W. Kerr Scott (D)
[133]
North Dakota (Class 1)
Norman Brunsdale (R)
November 19, 1959
August 7, 1960
262 days
Did not seek election.
–
John E. Davis (R)
William Langer (R)
[134]
Oregon (Class 2)
Hall S. Lusk (D)
March 16, 1960
November 8, 1960
237 days
Did not seek election.
–
Mark Hatfield (R)
Richard L. Neuberger (D)
[135]
Missouri (Class 3)
Edward V. Long (D)
September 23, 1960
January 3, 1963
2 years, 102 days
Elected in the 1960 special election .
1960 (Special) 1962
James T. Blair Jr. (D)
Thomas C. Hennings Jr. (D)
[136]
Massachusetts (Class 1)
Benjamin A. Smith II (D)
December 27, 1960
November 6, 1962
1 year, 314 days
Did not seek election.
–
Foster Furcolo (D)
John F. Kennedy (D)
[137]
Texas (Class 2)
William A. Blakley (D)
January 3, 1961
June 14, 1961
162 days
Defeated in the 1961 special election .
–
Price Daniel (D)
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
[131]
Wyoming (Class 2)
John J. Hickey (D)
January 3, 1961
November 6, 1962
1 year, 307 days
Defeated in the 1962 special election .
–
Jack R. Gage (D)
Edwin Keith Thomson (R)[note 4]
[138]
New Hampshire (Class 2)
Maurice J. Murphy Jr. (R)
December 7, 1961
November 6, 1962
334 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1962 special election .
–
Wesley Powell (R)
Styles Bridges (R)
[139]
Kansas (Class 2)
James B. Pearson (R)
January 31, 1962
January 3, 1967
4 years, 337 days
Elected in the 1962 special election .
1962 (Special) 1966 1972
John Anderson Jr. (R)
Andrew Frank Schoeppel (R)
[140]
South Dakota (Class 3)
Joseph H. Bottum (R)
July 9, 1962
January 3, 1963
178 days
Lost election to the next term .
–
Archie M. Gubbrud (R)
Francis H. Case (R)
[141]
Idaho (Class 2)
Leonard B. Jordan (R)
August 6, 1962
January 3, 1967
4 years, 150 days
Elected in the 1962 special election .
1962 (Special) 1966
Robert E. Smylie (R)
Henry Dworshak (R)
[142]
New Mexico (Class 1)
Edwin L. Mechem (R)
November 30, 1962
November 3, 1964
1 year, 339 days
Defeated in the 1964 special election .
–
Tom Bolack (R)
Dennis Chávez (D)
[143]
Oklahoma (Class 2)
J. Howard Edmondson (D)
January 7, 1963
November 3, 1964
1 year, 301 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1964 special election .
–
George Nigh (D)
Robert S. Kerr (D)
[144]
Tennessee (Class 2)
Herbert S. Walters (D)
August 20, 1963
November 3, 1964
1 year, 75 days
Did not seek election.
–
Frank G. Clement (D)
Estes Kefauver (D)
[145]
California (Class 1)
Pierre Salinger (D)
August 4, 1964
December 31, 1964
149 days
Defeated in the 1964 election .
–
Pat Brown (D)
Clair Engle (D)
[146]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Walter Mondale ( )
December 30, 1964
December 30, 1966
2 years, 0 days
Elected in the 1966 election .
1966 1972
Karl Rolvaag ( )
Hubert Humphrey ( )
[147]
South Carolina (Class 3)
Donald S. Russell (D)
April 22, 1965
November 8, 1966
1 year, 200 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1966 special election .
–
Robert Evander McNair (D)
Olin D. Johnston (D)
[148]
Virginia (Class 1)
Harry F. Byrd Jr. (D)
November 12, 1965
January 3, 1971
5 years, 52 days
Elected in the 1966 special election .
1966 (Special) 1970 1976
Albertis Harrison (D)
Harry F. Byrd (D)
[149]
Michigan (Class 2)
Robert P. Griffin (R)
May 11, 1966
January 3, 1967
237 days
Elected in the 1966 election .
1966 1972
George W. Romney (R)
Patrick V. McNamara (D)
[150]
New York (Class 1)
Charles Goodell (R)
September 10, 1968
January 3, 1971
2 years, 115 days
Lost election to the next term.
–
Nelson Rockefeller (R)
Robert F. Kennedy (D)
[151]
Alaska (Class 2)
Ted Stevens (R)
December 24, 1968
January 3, 1973
4 years, 10 days
Elected in the 1970 special election .
1970 (Special) 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002
Wally Hickel (R)
Bob Bartlett (D)
[152]
Illinois (Class 3)
Ralph Tyler Smith (R)
September 17, 1969
November 16, 1970
1 year, 60 days
Defeated in the 1970 special election .
–
Richard B. Ogilvie (R)
Everett Dirksen (R)
[153]
Georgia (Class 2)
David H. Gambrell (D)
February 1, 1971
November 7, 1972
1 year, 280 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1972 elections .
–
Jimmy Carter (D)
Richard Russell Jr. (D)
[154]
Vermont (Class 1)
Robert Stafford (R)
September 16, 1971
January 3, 1977
5 years, 109 days
Elected in the 1972 special election .
1972 (Special) 1976 1982
Deane C. Davis (R)
Winston L. Prouty (R)
[155]
Louisiana (Class 2)
Elaine Edwards (D)
August 1, 1972
November 13, 1972
104 days
Did not seek election.
–
Edwin Edwards (D)
Allen J. Ellender (D)
[156]
Ohio (Class 3)
Howard Metzenbaum (D)
January 4, 1974
December 23, 1974
353 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1974 election .
1976 1982 1988
John J. Gilligan (D)
William B. Saxbe (R)
[157]
New Hampshire (Class 3)
Louis C. Wyman (R)
December 31, 1974
January 3, 1975
3 days
Defeated in the 1975 special election .
–
Meldrim Thomson Jr. (R)
Norris Cotton (R)
[158]
New Hampshire (Class 3)
Norris Cotton (R)
August 8, 1975
September 18, 1975
41 days
Did not seek election.
1954 (Special) 1956 1962 1968
Meldrim Thomson Jr. (R)
Louis C. Wyman (R)
[159]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Wendell R. Anderson ( )
December 30, 1976
December 29, 1978
1 year, 364 days
Defeated in the 1978 election .
–
Rudy Perpich ( )
Walter Mondale ( )
[160]
Arkansas (Class 2)
Kaneaster Hodges Jr. (D)
December 10, 1977
January 3, 1979
1 year, 24 days
Did not seek election.
–
David Pryor (D)
John Little McClellan (D)
[161]
Montana (Class 2)
Paul G. Hatfield (D)
January 22, 1978
December 14, 1978
326 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1978 election .
–
Thomas Lee Judge (D)
Lee Metcalf (D)
[162]
Minnesota (Class 1)
Muriel Humphrey Brown ( )
January 25, 1978
November 7, 1978
286 days
Did not seek election.
–
Rudy Perpich ( )
Hubert Humphrey ( )
[163]
Alabama (Class 3)
Maryon Pittman Allen (D)
June 8, 1978
November 7, 1978
152 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1978 special election .
–
George Wallace (D)
James Allen (D)
[164]
Maine (Class 1)
George J. Mitchell (D)
May 17, 1980
January 3, 1983
2 years, 231 days
Elected in the 1982 election .
1982 1988
Joseph E. Brennan (D)
Edmund Muskie (D)
[165]
New Jersey (Class 1)
Nicholas F. Brady (R)
April 12, 1982
December 27, 1982
259 days
Did not seek election.
–
Thomas Kean (R)
Harrison A. Williams (D)
[166]
Washington (Class 1)
Daniel J. Evans (R)
September 8, 1983
January 3, 1989
5 years, 117 days
Elected in the 1983 special election .
1983 (Special)
John Spellman (R)
Henry M. Jackson (D)
[167]
North Carolina (Class 3)
Jim Broyhill (R)
July 14, 1986
November 4, 1986
113 days
Defeated in the 1986 elections .
–
James G. Martin (R)
John Porter East (R)
[168]
Nebraska (Class 1)
David Karnes (R)
March 11, 1987
January 3, 1989
1 year, 298 days
Defeated in the 1988 election .
–
Kay A. Orr (R)
Edward Zorinsky (D)
[169]
Indiana (Class 3)
Dan Coats (R)
January 3, 1989
January 3, 1993
4 years, 0 days
Elected in the 1990 special election .
1990 (Special) 1992 2010
Robert D. Orr (R)
Dan Quayle (R)
[170]
Hawaii (Class 1)
Daniel Akaka (D)
May 16, 1990
January 3, 1995
4 years, 232 days
Elected in the 1990 special election .
1990 (Special) 1994 2000 2006
John D. Waiheʻe III (D)
Spark Matsunaga (D)
[171]
California (Class 1)
John Seymour (R)
January 7, 1991
November 10, 1992
1 year, 308 days
Defeated in the 1992 special election .
–
Pete Wilson (R)
Pete Wilson (R)
[172]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)
Harris Wofford (D)
May 8, 1991
January 3, 1995
3 years, 240 days
Elected in the 1991 special election .
1991 (Special)
Bob Casey Sr. (D)
John Heinz (R)
[173]
North Dakota (Class 1)
Jocelyn Burdick ( )
September 12, 1992
December 14, 1992
93 days
Did not seek election.
–
George A. Sinner ( )
Quentin Burdick ( )
[174]
Tennessee (Class 2)
Harlan Mathews (D)
January 2, 1993
December 1, 1994
1 year, 333 days
Did not seek election.
–
Ned McWherter (D)
Al Gore (D)
[175]
Texas (Class 1)
Bob Krueger (D)
January 21, 1993
June 14, 1993
144 days
Defeated in the 1993 special election .
–
Ann Richards (D)
Lloyd Bentsen (D)
[176]
Kansas (Class 3)
Sheila Frahm (R)
June 11, 1996
November 5, 1996
147 days
Lost nomination to run in the 1996 special election .
–
Bill Graves (R)
Bob Dole (R)
[177]
Rhode Island (Class 1)
Lincoln Chafee (R)
November 2, 1999
January 3, 2001
1 year, 62 days
Elected in the 2000 election .
2000
Lincoln Almond (R)
John Chafee (R)
[178]
Georgia (Class 3)
Zell Miller (D)
July 24, 2000
January 3, 2005
4 years, 163 days
Elected in the 2000 special election .
2000 (Special)
Roy Barnes (D)
Paul Coverdell (R)
[179]
Missouri (Class 1)
Jean Carnahan (D)
January 3, 2001
November 25, 2002
1 year, 326 days
Defeated in the 2002 special election .
–
Roger B. Wilson (D)
Mel Carnahan (D)[note 4]
[180]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Dean Barkley ( )
November 4, 2002
January 3, 2003
60 days
Did not seek election, successor was elected to the next full term.
–
Jesse Ventura ( )
Paul Wellstone ( )
[181]
Alaska (Class 3)
Lisa Murkowski (R)
December 20, 2002
January 3, 2005
2 years, 14 days
Elected in the 2004 election .
2004 2010 2016 2022
Frank Murkowski (R)
Frank Murkowski (R)
[182]
New Jersey (Class 1)
Bob Menendez (D)
January 17, 2006
January 3, 2007
351 days
Elected in the 2006 election .
2006 2012 2018
Jon Corzine (D)
Jon Corzine (D)
[183]
Wyoming (Class 1)
John Barrasso (R)
June 22, 2007
January 3, 2013
5 years, 195 days
Elected in the 2008 special election .
2008 (Special) 2012 2018
Dave Freudenthal (D)
Craig L. Thomas (R)
[184]
Mississippi (Class 1)
Roger Wicker (R)
December 31, 2007
January 3, 2013
5 years, 3 days
Elected in the 2008 special election .
2008 (Special) 2012 2018
Haley Barbour (R)
Trent Lott (R)
[185]
Illinois (Class 3)
Roland Burris (D)
January 12, 2009
November 29, 2010
1 year, 321 days
Did not seek election.
–
Rod Blagojevich (D)
Barack Obama (D)
[186]
Delaware (Class 2)
Ted Kaufman (D)
January 15, 2009
November 15, 2010
1 year, 304 days
Did not seek election.
–
Ruth Ann Minner (D)
Joe Biden (D)
[187]
Colorado (Class 3)
Michael Bennet (D)
January 21, 2009
January 3, 2011
1 year, 347 days
Elected in the 2010 election .
2010 2016 2022
Bill Ritter (D)
Ken Salazar (D)
[188]
New York (Class 1)
Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
January 26, 2009
January 3, 2013
3 years, 343 days
Elected in the 2010 special election .
2010 (Special) 2012 2018
David Paterson (D)
Hillary Clinton (D)
[189]
Florida (Class 3)
George LeMieux (R)
September 9, 2009
January 3, 2011
1 year, 116 days
Did not seek election.
–
Charlie Crist (R)
Mel Martínez (R)
[190]
Massachusetts (Class 1)
Paul G. Kirk (D)
September 24, 2009
February 4, 2010
133 days
Did not seek election.
–
Deval Patrick (D)
Ted Kennedy (D)
[191]
West Virginia (Class 1)
Carte Goodwin (D)
July 16, 2010
November 15, 2010
122 days
Did not seek election.
–
Joe Manchin (D)
Robert Byrd (D)
[192]
Nevada (Class 1)
Dean Heller (R)
May 9, 2011
January 3, 2013
1 year, 239 days
Elected in the 2012 election .
2012
Brian Sandoval (R)
John Ensign (R)
[193]
Hawaii (Class 3)
Brian Schatz (D)
December 26, 2012
January 3, 2017
4 years, 8 days
Elected in the 2014 special election .
2014 (Special) 2016 2022
Neil Abercrombie (D)
Daniel Inouye (D)
[194]
South Carolina (Class 3)
Tim Scott (R)
January 2, 2013
January 3, 2017
4 years, 1 day
Elected in the 2014 special election .
2014 (Special) 2016 2022
Nikki Haley (R)
Jim DeMint (R)
[195]
Massachusetts (Class 2)
Mo Cowan (D)
February 1, 2013
July 15, 2013
164 days
Did not seek election.
–
Deval Patrick (D)
John Kerry (D)
[196]
New Jersey (Class 2)
Jeffrey Chiesa (R)
June 6, 2013
October 30, 2013
146 days
Did not seek election.
–
Chris Christie (R)
Frank Lautenberg (D)
[197]
Montana (Class 2)
John Walsh (D)
February 9, 2014
January 3, 2015
328 days
Was originally to seek election in 2014 but withdrew.
–
Steve Bullock (D)
Max Baucus (D)
[198]
Alabama (Class 2)
Luther Strange (R)
February 9, 2017
January 3, 2018
328 days
Lost nomination to run in the 2017 special election .
–
Robert J. Bentley (R)
Jeff Sessions (R)
[199]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Tina Smith ( )
January 3, 2018
January 3, 2021
3 years, 0 days
Elected in the 2018 special election .
2018 (Special) 2020
Mark Dayton ( )
Al Franken ( )
[200]
Mississippi (Class 2)
Cindy Hyde-Smith (R)
April 2, 2018
January 3, 2021
2 years, 276 days
Elected in the 2018 special election .
2018 (Special) 2020
Phil Bryant (R)
Thad Cochran (R)
[201]
Arizona (Class 3)
Jon Kyl (R)
September 4, 2018
December 31, 2018
118 days
Did not seek election.
1994 2000 2006
Doug Ducey (R)
John McCain (R)
[202]
Arizona (Class 3)
Martha McSally (R)
January 3, 2019
December 2, 2020
1 year, 334 days
Defeated in the 2020 special election .
–
Doug Ducey (R)
Jon Kyl (R)[note 7]
[203]
Georgia (Class 3)
Kelly Loeffler (R)
January 6, 2020
January 20, 2021
1 year, 14 days
Defeated in the 2020–21 special election .
–
Brian Kemp (R)
Johnny Isakson (R)
[204]
California (Class 3)
Alex Padilla (D)
January 20, 2021
January 3, 2023
1 year, 348 days
Elected in the 2022 special and regular elections .
2022
Gavin Newsom (D)
Kamala Harris (D)
[205]
Nebraska (Class 2)
Pete Ricketts (R)
January 12, 2023
–
–
Running in the 2024 special election .
–
Jim Pillen (R)
Ben Sasse (R)
[206]
California (Class 1)
Laphonza Butler (D)
October 3, 2023
–
–
Did not seek election.
–
Gavin Newsom (D)
Dianne Feinstein (D)
[207]
State (Class)
Appointee[7]
Term started[note 2]
Term ended
Tenure
Immediate election following appointment
Elections won
Appointed by
Original senator
Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term[note 1]
Electoral history
List of senators-elect appointed to the Senate
The following is a list of senators-elect appointed to the Senate after being elected. Only appointments made after the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of senators, are included.
Key
State (Class)
Senator-elect[208]
Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term[note 1]
Electoral history of appointee
Appointed by
Original senator
Term start[note 2]
Term end
Tenure
Immediate election preceding appointment
Elections won
Oregon (Class 2)
Charles L. McNary (R)
December 18, 1918
March 4, 1919
76 days
Elected in the 1918 election .
1918 1924 1930 1936 1942
James Withycombe (R)
Frederick W. Mulkey (R)
[11]
Ohio (Class 3)
Frank B. Willis (R)
January 14, 1921
March 4, 1921
49 days
Elected in the 1920 election .
1920 1926
Harry L. Davis (R)
Warren G. Harding (R)
[209]
Idaho (Class 3)
Frank R. Gooding (R)
January 15, 1921
March 4, 1921
48 days
Elected in the 1920 election .
1920 1926
D. W. Davis (R)
John F. Nugent (D)
[210]
Illinois (Class 2)
Charles S. Deneen (R)
February 26, 1925
March 4, 1925
6 days
Elected in the 1924 election .
1924
Len Small (R)
Joseph M. McCormick (R)
[211]
Missouri (Class 3)
Bennett Champ Clark (D)
February 4, 1933
March 4, 1933
28 days
Elected in the 1932 election .
1932 1938
Guy Brasfield Park (D)
Harry B. Hawes (D)
[212]
Michigan (Class 2)
Prentiss M. Brown (D)
November 19, 1936
January 3, 1937
45 days
Elected in the 1936 election .
1936
Frank Fitzgerald (R)
James J. Couzens (R)
[213]
Washington (Class 1)
Monrad Wallgren (D)
December 19, 1940
January 3, 1941
15 days
Elected in the 1940 election .
1940
Clarence D. Martin (D)
Lewis B. Schwellenbach (D)
[214]
Washington (Class 3)
Warren Magnuson (D)
December 14, 1944
January 3, 1945
20 days
Elected in the 1944 election .
1944 1950 1956 1962 1968 1974
Arthur B. Langlie (R)
Homer Bone (D)
[215]
Washington (Class 1)
Harry P. Cain (R)
December 26, 1946
January 3, 1947
8 days
Elected in the 1946 election .
1946
Monrad Wallgren (D)
Hugh Mitchell (D)[note 8]
[216]
South Dakota (Class 2)
Karl E. Mundt (R)
December 31, 1948
January 3, 1949
3 days
Elected in the 1948 election .
1948 1954 1960 1966
George Theodore Mickelson (R)
Vera C. Bushfield (R)
[217]
California (Class 3)
Richard Nixon (R)
December 1, 1950
January 3, 1951
33 days
Elected in the 1950 election .
1950
Earl Warren (R)
Sheridan Downey (D)
[218]
South Carolina (Class 2)
Strom Thurmond (D)
December 24, 1954
January 3, 1955
10 days
Elected in the 1954 election .
1954 (write-in) [note 9] 1956 (special) 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996
James F. Byrnes (D)
Charles E. Daniel (D)[note 10]
[219]
Nebraska (Class 2)
Carl Curtis (R)
January 1, 1955
January 3, 1955
2 days
Elected in the 1954 election .
1954 1960 1966 1972
Robert B. Crosby (R)
Hazel Abel (R)[note 11]
[220]
California (Class 1)
George Murphy (R)
January 1, 1965
January 3, 1965
2 days
Elected in the 1964 election .
1964
Pat Brown (D)
Pierre Salinger (D)[note 12]
[221]
Virginia (Class 2)
William B. Spong Jr. (D)
December 31, 1966
January 3, 1967
3 days
Elected in the 1966 election .
1966
Mills Godwin (D)
Absalom Willis Robertson (D)
[222]
Kentucky (Class 3)
Marlow Cook (R)
December 17, 1968
January 3, 1969
17 days
Elected in the 1968 election .
1968
Louie Nunn (R)
Thruston Ballard Morton (R)
[223]
Missouri (Class 3)
Thomas Eagleton (D)
December 28, 1968
January 3, 1969
6 days
Elected in the 1968 election .
1968 1974 1980
Warren E. Hearnes (D)
Edward V. Long (D)
[224]
Delaware (Class 1)
William Roth (R)
January 1, 1971
January 3, 1971
2 days
Elected in the 1970 election .
1970 1976 1982 1988 1994
Russell W. Peterson (R)
John J. Williams (R)
[225]
California (Class 1)
John V. Tunney (D)
January 2, 1971
January 3, 1971
1 day
Elected in the 1970 election .
1970
Ronald Reagan (R)
George Murphy (R)
[226]
Louisiana (Class 2)
J. Bennett Johnston (D)
November 14, 1972
January 3, 1973
50 days
Elected in the 1972 election .
1972 1978 1984 1990
Edwin Edwards (D)
Elaine Edwards (D)[note 13]
[227]
Nevada (Class 3)
Paul Laxalt (R)
December 18, 1974
January 3, 1975
16 days
Elected in the 1974 election .
1974 1980
Mike O'Callaghan (D)
Alan Bible (D)
[228]
Utah (Class 3)
Jake Garn (R)
December 21, 1974
January 3, 1975
13 days
Elected in the 1974 election .
1974 1980 1986
Cal Rampton (D)
Wallace F. Bennett (R)
[229]
Ohio (Class 3)
John Glenn (D)
December 24, 1974
January 3, 1975
10 days
Elected in the 1974 election .
1974 1980 1986 1992
John J. Gilligan (D)
Howard Metzenbaum (D)[note 14]
[230]
Kentucky (Class 3)
Wendell Ford (D)
December 28, 1974
January 3, 1975
6 days
Elected in the 1974 election .
1974 1980 1986 1992
Julian Carroll (D)
Marlow Cook (R)
[231]
Florida (Class 3)
Richard Stone (D)
January 1, 1975
January 3, 1975
2 days
Elected in the 1974 election .
1974
Reubin Askew (D)
Edward Gurney (R)
[232]
Michigan (Class 1)
Donald Riegle (D)
December 30, 1976
January 3, 1977
4 days
Elected in the 1976 election .
1976 1982 1988
William Milliken (R)
Philip Hart (D)
[233]
Missouri (Class 1)
John Danforth (R)
December 27, 1976
January 3, 1977
7 days
Elected in the 1976 election .
1976 1982 1988
Kit Bond (R)
Stuart Symington (D)
[234]
Nebraska (Class 1)
Edward Zorinsky (D)
December 28, 1976
January 3, 1977
6 days
Elected in the 1976 election .
1976 1982
J. James Exon (D)
Roman Hruska (R)
[235]
Rhode Island (Class 1)
John Chafee (R)
December 29, 1976
January 3, 1977
5 days
Elected in the 1976 election .
1976 1982 1988 1994
Philip W. Noel (D)
John Pastore (D)
[236]
Ohio (Class 1)
Howard Metzenbaum (D)
December 29, 1976
January 3, 1977
5 days
Elected in the 1976 election .
1976 1982 1988
Jim Rhodes (R)
Robert Taft Jr. (R)
[157]
California (Class 1)
S. I. Hayakawa (R)
January 2, 1977
January 3, 1977
1 day
Elected in the 1976 election .
1976
Jerry Brown (D)
John V. Tunney (D)
[237]
Montana (Class 2)
Max Baucus (D)
December 15, 1978
January 3, 1979
19 days
Elected in the 1978 election .
1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008
Thomas Lee Judge (D)
Paul G. Hatfield (D)[note 15]
[238]
Kansas (Class 2)
Nancy Kassebaum (R)
December 23, 1978
January 3, 1979
11 days
Elected in the 1978 election .
1978 1984 1990
Robert Frederick Bennett (R)
James B. Pearson (R)
[239]
Mississippi (Class 2)
Thad Cochran (R)
December 27, 1978
January 3, 1979
7 days
Elected in the 1978 election .
1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 2014
Cliff Finch (D)
James Eastland (D)
[240]
Minnesota (Class 2)
Rudy Boschwitz (R)
December 30, 1978
January 3, 1979
4 days
Elected in the 1978 election .
1978 1984
Rudy Perpich ( )
Wendell R. Anderson ( )[note 16]
[241]
Wyoming (Class 2)
Alan Simpson (R)
January 1, 1979
January 3, 1979
2 days
Elected in the 1978 election .
1978 1984 1990
Edgar Herschler (D)
Clifford Hansen (R)
[242]
Virginia (Class 2)
John Warner (R)
January 2, 1979
January 3, 1979
1 day
Elected in the 1978 election .
1978 1984 1990 1996 2002
John Dalton (R)
William L. Scott (R)
[243]
New Hampshire (Class 3)
Warren Rudman (R)
December 30, 1980
January 3, 1981
4 days
Elected in the 1980 election .
1980 1986
Hugh Gallen (D)
John A. Durkin (D)
[244]
Florida (Class 3)
Paula Hawkins (R)
January 1, 1981
January 3, 1981
2 days
Elected in the 1980 election .
1980
Bob Graham (D)
Richard Stone (D)
[245]
Alabama (Class 3)
Jeremiah Denton (R)
January 2, 1981
January 3, 1981
1 day
Elected in the 1980 election .
1980
Fob James (D)
Donald Stewart (D)
[246]
New Jersey (Class 1)
Frank Lautenberg (D)
December 27, 1982
January 3, 1983
7 days
Elected in the 1982 election .
1982 1988 1994 2002 2008
Thomas Kean (R)
Nicholas F. Brady (R)
[247]
Massachusetts (Class 2)
John Kerry (D)
January 2, 1985
January 3, 1985
1 day
Elected in the 1984 election .
1984 1990 1996 2002 2008
Michael Dukakis (D)
Paul Tsongas (D)
[248]
New Hampshire (Class 2)
Bob Smith (R)
December 7, 1990
January 3, 1991
27 days
Elected in the 1990 election .
1990 1996
Judd Gregg (R)
Gordon J. Humphrey (R)
[249]
North Dakota (Class 3)
Byron Dorgan ( )
December 14, 1992
January 3, 1993
20 days
Elected in the 1992 election .
1992 1998 2004
George A. Sinner ( )
Kent Conrad ( )
[250]
Texas (Class 2)
John Cornyn (R)
December 2, 2002
January 3, 2003
32 days
Elected in the 2002 election .
2002 2008 2014 2020
Rick Perry (R)
Phil Gramm (R)
[251]
State (Class)
Senator-elect[208]
Term start[note 2]
Term end
Tenure
Immediate election preceding appointment
Elections won
Appointed by
Original senator
Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term[note 1]
Electoral history
See also
Notes
^ a b c d "Unexpired terms occur when there is a vacancy due to death or resignation and a senator is either appointed or elected for the term remaining." – The Term of Senator: When Does It Begin and End? Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Terms of senators who are reelected in subsequent scheduled elections are not reflected in the tenure listed in this table.
^ a b c d Determined by the commencement of the Senate term, as according to the chronological list of Senators Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine .
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by William E. Crow . David A. Reed was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Philander C. Knox , died.
^ a b c Senator-elect
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Hugo Black . J. Lister Hill was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Dixie Bibb Graves , resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by James F. Byrnes . Roger C. Peace was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Alva M. Lumpkin , died.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by John McCain . Martha McSally was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Jon Kyl , resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Monrad Wallgren . Harry P. Cain was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Hugh Mitchell , lost election to a full term.
^ Senator Strom Thurmond was originally elected as a Democrat in 1954, but as a write-in candidate, then resigned, and then won a special election in 1956 and 1960 before switching to a Republican in 1964. Thurmond won re-election as a Republican in 1966, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990 and 1996.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Burnet R. Maybank . Strom Thurmond was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Charles E. Daniel , resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Dwight Griswold . Carl Curtis was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Eva Bowring , retired.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Clair Engle . George Murphy was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Pierre Salinger , lost election to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Allen J. Ellender . J. Bennett Johnston was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Elaine Edwards , retired.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by William B. Saxbe . John Glenn was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Howard Metzenbaum , lost nomination to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Lee Metcalf . Max Baucus was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Paul G. Hatfield , lost nomination to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Walter Mondale . Rudy Boschwitz was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Wendell R. Anderson , lost election to a full term.
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^ "TUNNEY, John Varick - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on July 30, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
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^ "LAXALT, Paul Dominque - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
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^ "FORD, Wendell Hampton - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "STONE, Richard Bernard - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "RIEGLE, Donald Wayne, Jr. - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on August 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "DANFORTH, John Claggett - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "ZORINSKY, Edward - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "CHAFEE, John Hubbard - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "HAYAKAWA, Samuel Ichiye - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "BAUCUS, Max Sieben - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "KASSEBAUM, Nancy Landon - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "COCHRAN, William Thad - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "BOSCHWITZ, Rudolph Eli (Rudy) - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "SIMPSON, Alan Kooi - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "WARNER, John William - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "RUDMAN, Warren Bruce - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "HAWKINS, Paula - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "DENTON, Jeremiah Andrew, Jr. - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "LAUTENBERG, Frank Raleigh - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "KERRY, John Forbes - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "SMITH, Robert C. - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "DORGAN, Byron Leslie - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
^ "CORNYN, John - Biographical Information" . Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress . Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
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