Tirhuta
Cet article est une ébauche concernant le monde indien et l’écriture.
| Tirhuta, mithilakshar | |
| |
| Caractéristiques | |
|---|---|
| Type | abugida |
| Langue(s) | maithili |
| Historique | |
| Époque | c. XVe siècle – moitié du XXe siècle |
| Codage | |
| Unicode | U+11480 à U+114DF |
| ISO 15924 | Tirh
|
modifier  |
|
Le tirhuta ou mithilakshar est un alphasyllabaire brahmique utilisé pour écrire le maïthili depuis le XVe siècle, supplanté par la devanagari depuis le XXe siècle. Il est d’abord utilisé à Janakpur dans la région Mithila au Népal et ses plus anciens exemples se trouvent dans le Janaki Mandir.
Lettres et signes
Consonnes
| Symbole | Transcription | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Texte | IAST | API |
|
𑒏 | ka | /kа/ |
|
𑒐 | kha | /kʰа/ |
|
𑒑 | ga | /gа/ |
|
𑒒 | gha | /gʱа/ |
|
𑒓 | ṅa | /ŋа/ |
|
𑒔 | ca | /t͡ʃa/ |
|
𑒕 | cha | /t͡ʃʰa/ |
|
𑒖 | ja | /d͡ʒa/ |
|
𑒗 | jha | /d͡ʒʱa/ |
|
𑒘 | ña | /ɲa/ |
|
𑒙 | ṭa | /ʈa/ |
|
𑒚 | ṭha | /ʈʰa/ |
|
𑒛 | ḍa | /ɖa/ |
|
𑒜 | ḍha | /ɖʱa/ |
|
𑒝 | ṇa | /ɳa/ |
|
𑒞 | ta | /t̪a/ |
|
𑒟 | tha | /t̪ʰa/ |
|
𑒠 | da | /d̪a/ |
|
𑒡 | dha | /d̪ʱa/ |
|
𑒢 | na | /na/ |
|
𑒣 | pa | /pa/ |
|
𑒤 | pha | /pʰa/ |
|
𑒥 | ba | /ba/ |
|
𑒦 | bha | /bʱa/ |
|
𑒧 | ma | /ma/ |
|
𑒨 | ya | /ja/ |
|
𑒩 | ra | /ra/ |
|
𑒪 | la | /la/ |
|
𑒫 | va | /ʋa/ |
|
𑒬 | śa | /ʃa/ |
|
𑒭 | ṣa | /ʂa/ |
|
𑒮 | sa | /sa/ |
|
𑒯 | ha | /ɦa/ |
Voyelles
| Indépendant | Dépendant | Transcription | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Texte | Image | Texte | IAST | API |
|
𑒁 | a | /а/ | ||
|
𑒂 | 
|
𑒰 | ā | /а:/ |
|
𑒃 | 
|
𑒱 | і | /і/ |
|
𑒄 | 
|
𑒲 | ī | /і:/ |
|
𑒅 | 
|
𑒳 | u | /u/ |
|
𑒆 | 
|
𑒴 | ū | /u:/ |
|
𑒇 | 
|
𑒵 | ṛ | /r̩/ |
|
𑒈 | 
|
𑒶 | ṝ | /r̩ː/ |
|
𑒉 | 
|
𑒷 | ḷ | /l̩/ |
|
𑒊 | 
|
𑒸 | ḹ | /l̩ː/ |
|
𑒋 | 
|
𑒹 | ē | /е:/ |
|
𑒺 | e | /е/ | ||
|
𑒌 | 
|
𑒻 | аі | /аі/ |
|
𑒍 | 
|
𑒼 | ō | /о:/ |
|
𑒽 | о | /о/ | ||
|
𑒎 | 
|
𑒾 | au | /au/ |
Autres signes
| Image | Text | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
𑒿 | Chandrabindu | indique la nasalisation de la voyelle |
|
𑓀 | anusvara | indique la nasalisation |
|
𑓁 | visarga | indique le son [h], allophone de [r] et [s] à la fin d’un énoncé |
|
𑓂 | virama | supprime la voyelle inhérente |
|
𑓃 | nukta | signe modifiant la valeur de la consonne |
|
𑓄 | avagraha | indique l’élision du [ə] |
|
𑓅 | gvang | indique la nasalisation |
Chiffres
Le tirhuta utilise ses propres chiffres décimaux en notation positionnelle.
| Image | 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text | 𑓐 | 𑓑 | 𑓒 | 𑓓 | 𑓔 | 𑓕 | 𑓖 | 𑓗 | 𑓘 | 𑓙 |
| Digit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Représentation informatique
La plage de caractères Unicode prévue pour le tirhuta s'étend de U+11480 à U+114DF.
| en fr | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+11480 | 𑒀 | 𑒁 | 𑒂 | 𑒃 | 𑒄 | 𑒅 | 𑒆 | 𑒇 | 𑒈 | 𑒉 | 𑒊 | 𑒋 | 𑒌 | 𑒍 | 𑒎 | 𑒏 |
| U+11490 | 𑒐 | 𑒑 | 𑒒 | 𑒓 | 𑒔 | 𑒕 | 𑒖 | 𑒗 | 𑒘 | 𑒙 | 𑒚 | 𑒛 | 𑒜 | 𑒝 | 𑒞 | 𑒟 |
| U+114A0 | 𑒠 | 𑒡 | 𑒢 | 𑒣 | 𑒤 | 𑒥 | 𑒦 | 𑒧 | 𑒨 | 𑒩 | 𑒪 | 𑒫 | 𑒬 | 𑒭 | 𑒮 | 𑒯 |
| U+114B0 | 𑒰 | 𑒱 | 𑒲 | 𑒳 | 𑒴 | 𑒵 | 𑒶 | 𑒷 | 𑒸 | 𑒹 | 𑒺 | 𑒻 | 𑒼 | 𑒽 | 𑒾 | 𑒿 |
| U+114C0 | 𑓀 | 𑓁 | 𑓂 | 𑓃 | 𑓄 | 𑓅 | 𑓆 | 𑓇 | ||||||||
| U+114D0 | 𑓐 | 𑓑 | 𑓒 | 𑓓 | 𑓔 | 𑓕 | 𑓖 | 𑓗 | 𑓘 | 𑓙 | ||||||
- Voir aussi : Table des caractères Unicode/U11480
Le code ISO 15924 du tirhuta est Tirh.
Voir aussi
Bibliographie
- (en) Anshuman Pandey, Proposal to Encode the Tirhuta Script in ISO/IEC 10646, (lire en ligne)
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