Ekonomi pembangunan

Ekonomi pembangunan adalah cabang ekonomi yang mempelajari aspek-aspek ekonomi dalam proses pembangunan di negara berkembang. Selain berfokus pada metode pembangunan ekonomi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan perubahan sosial, ekonomi pembangunan juga memperluas kesempatan bagi penduduk dengan mendukung perbaikan kondisi kesehatan, pendidikan, dan tempat kerja melalui sektor publik atau swasta.^[1]

Ekonomi pembangunan mencakup perumusan teori dan metode yang menentukan kebijakan dan praktik dan dapat diterapkan di tingkat domestik maupun internasional.^[2] Contohnya adalah restukturisasi insentif pasar atau penggunaan matematika dalam analisis proyek (misalnya optimisasi inter-temporal), atau perpaduan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif.^[3]

Berbeda dengan bidang ekonomi lainnya, pendekatan ekonomi pembangunan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor sosial dan politik dalam pembuatan rencana tertentu.^[4] Selain itu, tidak ada kepastian soal isu yang perlu dipelajari dalam ekonomi pembangunan.^[5] Berbagai pendekatan mempertimbangkan faktor yang mendorong konvergensi atau non-konvergensi ekonomi di tingkat rumah tangga, provinsi, dan negara.^[6]

Ekonom pembangunan ternama

Daron Acemoğlu, dosen ekonomi di Institut Teknologi Massachusetts dan pemenang Clark Medal tahun 2005.
Philippe Aghion, dosen ekonomi di Universitas Harvard, penulis buku tentang pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengusung pertumbuhan Schumpeter, dan perancang teori kehancuran kreatif secara matematis bersama Peter Howitt.
Abhijit Banerjee, dosen ekonomi di Institut Teknologi Massachusetts dan direktur Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab.
Pranab Bardhan, dosen ekonomi di Universitas California, Berkeley, penulis buku tentang perdagangan dan ekonomi pembangunan, dan penyunting Journal of Development Economics tahun 1985–2003.
Kaushik Basu, dosen ekonomi di Universitas Cornell University dan penulis Analytical Development Economics.
Peter Thomas Bauer, dosen ekonomi di London School of Economics dan penulis Dissent on Development.
Jagdish Bhagwati, pengamat perdagangan internasional dan pendukung perdagangan bebas
David E. Bloom
Ha-Joon Chang, penulis Kicking Away the Ladder dan Bad Samaritans; Rich Nations, Poor Policies and the Threat to the Developing World yang menggunakan bukti sejarah untuk mengkritik ekonomi pembangunan neoliberal.
Paul Collier, penulis The Bottom Billion yang mengumpulkan berbagai jebakan untuk menjelaskan asal usul kemiskinan di masyarakat kalangan bawah.
Esther Duflo, direktur Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, dosen ekonomi di Institut Teknologi Massachusetts, MacArthur Fellow 2009, pemenang Clark Medal 2010, dan pendukung eksperimen lapangan.
William Easterly, penulis The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics dan White Man's Burden: How the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good
Celso Furtado, ekonom strukturalis Brasil.
Oded Galor, ekonom Israel-Amerika di Universitas Brown, pemimpin redaksi Journal of Economic Growth, dan perancang teori pertumbuhan terpadu.
Peter Howitt, ekonom Kanada di Universitas Brown, mantan presiden Canadian Economics Association, pengusung konsep pertumbuhan Schumpeter dan merancang teori kehancuran kreatif secara matematis bersama Philippe Aghion.
Justin Yifu Lin, ekonom Cina di Universitas Peking, mantan kepala ekonom Bank Dunia, dan salah satu ekonom paling berpengaruh di Cina.
W. Arthur Lewis dan T. W. Schultz, pemenang Hadiah Nobel Ekonomi tahun 1979 atas karyanya di bidang ekonomi pembangunan.
Dambisa Moyo, ekonom Zambia yang mempelajari ekonomi makro, dampak bantuan luar negeri, dan hubungan internasional, sekaligus penulis Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and How There is a Better Way For Africa
Raúl Prebisch, Sekretaris Jenderal Konferensi Perdagangan dan Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pertama dan teoriwan dependensi berpengaruh.
Lant Pritchett, dosen di Kennedy School of Government, Universitas Harvard, dan telah memegang beberapa jabatan penelitian penting di Bank Dunia.
Dani Rodrik, dosen di Kennedy School of Government, Universitas Harvard, dan penulis buku tentang globalisasi.
Mark Rosenzweig, dosen di Universitas Yale dan direktur Economic Growth Center di Yale.
Walt Whitman Rostow, teoriwan modernisasi dan penulis The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-communist Manifesto
Jeffrey Sachs, penulis The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities of Our Time dan Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet
Amartya Sen, ekonom India, pemenang Hadiah Nobel, dan penulis Development as Freedom.
Hans Singer, penulis tesis yang menjadi dasar teori ketergantungan
Hernando de Soto Polar, pendukung hak properti di negara berkembang dan penulis The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
Frances Stewart, presiden Human Development and Capability Association.
Joseph Stiglitz, pemenang Hadiah Nobel dan mantan kepala ekonom Bank Dunia.
Finn Tarp, dosen ekonomi pembangunan di Universitas Kopenhagen dan direktur UNU-WIDER, Helsinki, Finlandia.
Erik Thorbecke, perintis Foster-Greer-Thorbecke yang berperan penting dalam pengembangan Social Accounting Matrix.
Michael Todaro, perancang model Todaro dan model Harris-Todaro yang mempelajari migrasi dan urbanisasi.
Robert M. Townsend, dosen Institut Teknologi Massachusetts yang dikenal sebagai perintis Thai Project, model proyek terapan dan teoretis dalam pembangunan ekonomi.
Mahbub ul Haq, ekonom Pakistan, perintis Human Development Report
Muhammad Yunus, pemenang Hadiah Nobel dan pendiri Grameen Bank

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

^ Bell, Clive (1987). "development economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp. 818, 825.
^ Arndt, H.W. (1981). "Economic Development: A Semantic History," Economic Development and Cultural Change, 29(3), p p. 457–66. Chicago: The Chicago University Press.
^ Bell, Clive (1987). "development economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, p. 825.
^ Todaro, Michael and Stephen Smith. Economic Development. 9th ed. Addison-Wesley series in economics, 2006
^ Meier, Gerald M. and James E. Rauch. Leading Issues in Economic Development. 8th ed. Oxford University Press, 2005
^ Ray, Debraj (2008). "development economics." The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.

Daftar pustaka

Development Economics through the Decades: A Critical Look at 30 Years of the World Development Report Diarsipkan 2013-06-11 di Library of Congress Web Archives World Bank Publications, Washington DC (2009), ISBN 978-0-8213-7255-5
The Complete World Development Report, 1978–2009 (Single User DVD): 30th Anniversary Edition Diarsipkan 2011-05-11 di Wayback Machine. World Bank Publications, Washington DC (2009), ISBN 978-0-8213-7270-8
Behrman, J.R. (2001). "Development, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 3566–3574 Abstract. Diarsipkan 2009-01-23 di Wayback Machine.
Clive Bell (1987). "Development economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp. 818–26.
Crook, Clive (1992). "Third World Economic Development". Dalam David R. Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (edisi ke-1st). Library of Economics and Liberty. OCLC 317650570
Easterly, William (2002), Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics, The MIT Press
Ben Fine and Jomo K.S. (eds, 2005), The New Development Economics: Post Washington Consensus Neoliberal Thinking, Zed Books
Peter Griffiths (2003), The Economist's Tale: A Consultant Encounters Hunger and the World Bank, Zed Books
K.S. Jomo (2005), Pioneers of Development Economics: Great Economists on Development, Zed Books – the contributions of economists such as Marshall and Keynes, not normally considered development economists
Lin, Justin Yifu (2012). The Quest for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Can Take Off. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15589-0.
Gerald M. Meier (2005), Biography of a Subject: An Evolution of Development Economics, Oxford University Press
Gerald M. Meier, Dudley Seers [editors] (1984), Pioneers in Development, World Bank ([1])
Dwight H. Perkins, Steven Radelet, Donald R. Snodgrass, Malcolm Gillis and Michael Roemer (2001). Economics of Development, 5th edition, New York: W. W. Norton.
Jeffrey D. Sachs (2005), The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time, Penguin Books
George Mavrotas and Anthony Shorrocks (eds, 2007), Advancing Development: Core Themes in Global Development Diarsipkan 2014-03-02 di Wayback Machine., Palgrave Macmillan
Debraj Ray (1998). Development Economics, Princeton University Press, . Other editions: Spanish, Antoni Bosch. 2002 Chinese edition, Beijing University Press. 2002, Indian edition, Oxford, 1998. Description, table of contents Diarsipkan 2009-07-01 di Wayback Machine., and excerpt, ch. 1. Diarsipkan 2009-02-13 di Wayback Machine.
World Institute for Development Economics Research Publications/Discussion Papers
The Center for Global Development
Smith, Charles; Rees, Gareth (1998). Economic Development, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-72228-0.
Arno Tausch (1993; in collaboration with Fred Prager) 'Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development'. Basingstoke and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press
Arno Tausch (2007, Editor, with Almas Heshmati)., 'Roadmap to Bangalore? Globalization, the EU's Lisbon Process and the Structures of Global Inequality' Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers (for info: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/).
Michael Todaro and Stephen C. Smith, Economic Development, 10th Ed., Addison-Wesley, 2008. Description.
Handbook of Development Economics, Elsevier. Description and table of contents:

Hollis B. Chenery and T. N. Srinivasan, eds. (1988, 1989). Vol. 1 and 2

Jere Behrman and T.N. Srinivasan, eds. (1995). Vol 3A and 3B

T. Paul Schultz and John Straus, eds. (2008). Vol 4

Dani Rodrik and Mark R. Rosenzweig, eds. (2009). Vol 5

Temesgen M. Erena, Perverted Development: What role for Institutions, Oromian Economist, June 2011, https://oromianeconomist.wordpress.com/2011/06/08/perverted-development-what-role-for-institutions/

Pranala luar

The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), a network of 64 affiliated professors around the world who are united by their use of Randomized Evaluations (REs) to answer questions critical to poverty alleviation.
Development Economics and Economic Development Diarsipkan 2012-09-18 di Wayback Machine., a list of resources for development economics.
Technology in emerging economies (The Economist).
World Development Analysis Tool Diarsipkan 2015-08-15 di Wayback Machine.
Our World In Data—web publication by Max Roser (at the University of Oxford) that visualises global development. The web publication covers a wide range of topics: Trends in health, food provision, the growth and distribution of incomes, violence, rights, wars, energy use, education, environmental changes and many other aspects are empirically analysed and visualised in this development economics publication.
Development Economics lecture by economist Tyler Cowen (October 2012).