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Aostan French

Aostan French
français valdôtain
A post with signs to Gran San Bernardo, Aosta, the Via Francigena and local places in Quart. The text is in Italian and French.
These signs point to the Quart town hall as maison communale
RegionAosta Valley
Early forms
French alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3
IETFfr-u-sd-it23

Aostan French (French: français valdôtain) is the variety of French spoken in the Aosta Valley, Italy.

History

The Aosta Valley was the first government authority to adopt Modern French as working language in 1536, three years before France itself.[1] French has been the official language of the Aosta Valley since 1561, when it replaced Latin.[2] In the 1861 census, the first held after the unification of Italy, 93% declared being Francophone; in 1921, the last census with a question about language found that 88% of the population was French-speaking.[3] The suppression of all French-language schools and institutions and violence against French speakers during the forcible Italianisation campaign of the Fascist government irretrievably damaged the status of French in the region. Italian and French are nowadays the region's official languages[4] and are used for the regional government's acts and laws, though Italian is much more widely spoken in everyday life, and French is mostly used by intellectuals and within cultural events. Though French was re-introduced as an official language after World War II, by 2003 just 0.99% reported speaking standard French natively. French remains widely known as a second language, but it is no longer spoken as part of daily life.[5] In 2001, 75.41% of the population of Aosta Valley was French-speaking, 96.01% declared to know Italian, 55.77% Arpitan, and 50.53% all of them.[6] School education is delivered equally in both Italian and French so that everyone who went to school in Aosta Valley can speak French and Italian at least at a medium-high level.

Influences

Aostan French is characterized by terms adopted from the valdôtain dialect of Franco-Provençal and sometimes from Italian. In this sense, it is quite similar to Savoyard dialect and to valaisan dialect as spoken in Valais.[7]

Lexicon

Aostan French Standard French
Ape (from the Piaggio Ape) Tricycle à moteur
Après-dinée Après-midi
Arpian Gardien de vaches à l'alpage
Artson Coffre
Assesseur Adjoint du maire
Bague Chose
Balosse Lourdaud
Bauze Tonneau de vin
Borne Trou
Bottes Chaussures
Brique Lieu escarpé
Briquer Casser
Cayon Porc
Chiquet Petit verre d'alcool
Choppe Grève
Crotte Cave
Chose Fiancé(e)
Couisse Tourmente de neige
Déroché Tombé en ruines
Contre-nuit Crépuscule
Envers Left slope of Doire baltée
Flou Odeur
Fruitier Fromager
Gant de Paris Préservatif
Garde-ville Agent de police
Geline Poule
Hivernieux Logement de montagne
Jaser Parler
Jouer (se) S'amuser
Aostan French Standard French
Jube Veste
Junte Administrative council
Lèze Cheminée
Maison communale Mairie
Mayen Seconde maison en haute montagne
Mécouley Gâteau
Modon Bâton
Paquet Ballot de foin
Patate Pomme de terre
Pianin Celui qui habite la plaine
Poëlle Cuisine
Pointron Rocher pointu
Quitter Laisser
Rabadan Personne de peu de valeur
Rabeilleur Rebouteux, guérisseur traditionnel
Régent Enseignant
Savater Donner des coups
Solan Plancher
Songeon Sommet
Souper Repas du soir
Syndic Maire
Tabaquerie Bureau de tabacs
Tabeillon Notaire
Topié Treille
Troliette Tourteau, pain de noix
Tsapoter Tailler le bois
Tsavon Tête de bétail
Vagner Semer
Verne Aulne
Bilingual Aostan ID.

Numerals

Unlike standard French of France, Aostan French uses:

Meals

  • Breakfast = déjeuner
  • Lunch = dinée or dîner
  • Dinner = souper

Bibliography

  • (in French) Jean-Pierre Martin, Description lexicale du français parlé en Vallée d'Aoste, éd. Musumeci, Quart, 1984 (source)
  • (in French) Alexis Bétemps, La langue française en Vallée d'Aoste de 1945 à nos jours T.D.L., Milan
  • (in French) Jules Brocherel, Le Patois et la langue française en Vallée d'Aoste éd. V. Attinger, Neuchâtel
  • (in French) La minorité linguistique valdôtaine, éd. Musumeci, Quart (1968).
  • (in French) Rosellini Aldo, La francisation de la Vallée d'Aoste, dans Studi medio latini e volgari, vol. XVIII, 1958.
  • (in French) Keller, Hans-Erich, Études linguistiques sur les parlers valdôtains, éd. A. Francke S.A., Berne, 1958.
  • (in French) Schüle, Ernest, Histoire linguistique de la Vallée d'Aoste, dans Bulletin du Centre d'Études francoprovençales n° 22, Imprimerie Valdôtaine, Aoste, 1990.
  • (in French) Favre, Saverio, Histoire linguistique de la Vallée d'Aoste, dans Espace, temps et culture en Vallée d'Aoste, Imprimerie Valdôtaine, Aoste, 1996.
  • (in French) François-Gabriel Frutaz, Les origines de la langue française en Vallée d'Aoste, Imprimerie Marguerettaz, Aoste, 1913.
  • (in French) Mgr. Joseph-Auguste Duc, La langue française dans la Vallée d'Aoste, Saint-Maurice, 1915.
  • (in French) Anselme Réan, La phase initiale de la guerre contre la langue française dans la Vallée d'Aoste, Ivrée, 1923.
  • (in French)
  • (in French) Bérard, Édouard, La langue française dans la Vallée d'Aoste : réponse à M. le chevalier Vegezzi-Ruscalla, Aoste, 1861 (rééd. 1962).
  • (in French) Bétemps, Alexis, Les Valdôtains et leur langue, avant-propos d'Henri Armand, Imprimerie Duc, Aoste, 1979.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pays d'Aoste - Une fête nationale à nous". www.paysdaoste.eu (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  2. ^ Langue et littérature en Vallée d'Aoste au XVIe siècle, Système Valdôtain des Bibliothèques.
  3. ^ Une Vallée d'Aoste bilingue dans une Europe plurilingue, Fondation Émile Chanoux.
  4. ^ Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Article 38, Title VI, Weblink Archived January 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, access date: 5-11-2012.
  5. ^ La langue française dans le monde 2014 (PDF) (in French). Nathan. 2014. p. 12. ISBN 978-2-09-882654-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  6. ^ Assessorat de l'éducation et la culture de la région autonome Vallée d'Aoste - Département de la surintendance des écoles, Profil de la politique linguistique éducative, Le Château éd., 2009, p. 20.
  7. ^ "géographie et territoires du francoprovençal". www.patoisvda.org (in French). Retrieved 2018-04-16.
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