线形文字B
线形文字B是希腊迈锡尼文明时期的一种音节文字。线形文字B出现于青铜时代晚期,早于希腊字母(约公元前15世纪)数个世纪,随着迈锡尼文明的衰落而消逝。写有线形文字B的泥板大部分发现于克诺索斯、科多尼亚、皮洛斯、底比斯、迈锡尼等地。后继的希腊黑暗时代,目前尚未发现线形文字B的实物。
1952年,迈克尔·文特里斯成功释读线形文字B。线形文字B主要在克里特岛和希腊本土南部地区使用,时间大约为西元前1500年-西元前1200年。 线形文字B似乎与更早的线形文字A有某种联系。
文字
音節符號
已经释读的文字符号(元音、辅音+元音)
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-a
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-e
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-i
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-o
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-u
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𐀀
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a
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𐀁
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e
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𐀂
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i
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𐀃
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o
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𐀄
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u
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d-
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𐀅
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da
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𐀆
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de
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𐀇
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di
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𐀈
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do
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𐀉
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du
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j-
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𐀊
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ja
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𐀋
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je
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𐀍
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jo
|
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k-
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𐀏
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ka
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𐀐
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ke
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𐀑
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ki
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𐀒
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ko
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𐀓
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ku
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m-
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𐀔
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ma
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𐀕
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me
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𐀖
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mi
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𐀗
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mo
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𐀘
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mu
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n-
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𐀙
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na
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𐀚
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ne
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𐀛
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ni
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𐀜
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no
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𐀝
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nu
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p-
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𐀞
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pa
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𐀟
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pe
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𐀠
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pi
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𐀡
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po
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𐀢
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pu
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q-
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𐀣
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qa
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𐀤
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qe
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𐀥
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qi
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𐀦
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qo
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r-
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𐀨
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ra
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𐀩
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re
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𐀪
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ri
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𐀫
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ro
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𐀬
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ru
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s-
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𐀭
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sa
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𐀮
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se
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𐀯
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si
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𐀰
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so
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𐀱
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su
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t-
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𐀲
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ta
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𐀳
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te
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𐀴
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ti
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𐀵
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to
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𐀶
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tu
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w-
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𐀷
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wa
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𐀸
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we
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𐀹
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wi
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𐀺
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wo
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z-
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𐀼
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za
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𐀽
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ze
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𐀿
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zo
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特殊和未知符號
特殊音值
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字符
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𐁀
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𐁁
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𐁂
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𐁃
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𐁄
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𐁅
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𐁇
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𐁆
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𐁈
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𐁉
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𐁊
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𐁋
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𐁌
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𐁍
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轉寫
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a2 (ha)
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a3 (ai)
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au
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dwe
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dwo
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nwa
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pte
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pu2 (phu)
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ra2 (rya)
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ra3 (rai)
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ro2 (ryo)
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ta2 (tya)
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twe
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two
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Bennett編碼
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*25
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*43
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*85
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*71
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*90
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*48
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*62
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*29
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*76
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*33
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*68
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*66
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*87
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*91
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未轉寫和未確定的音值
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字符
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𐁐
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𐁑
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𐁒
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𐁓
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𐁔
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𐁕
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𐁖
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𐁗
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𐁘
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𐀎
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𐁙
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𐁚
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𐁛
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𐁜
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𐁝
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轉寫
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*18
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*19
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*22
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*34
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*35
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*47
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*49
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pa3?
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*63
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swi?
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ju?
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zu?
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swa?
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*83
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*86
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*89
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Bennett編碼
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*18
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*19
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*22
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*34
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*35
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*47
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*49
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*56
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*63
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*64
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*65
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*79
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*82
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*83
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*86
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*89
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表意符号
表意符號
字符
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编码
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贝内特编码
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CIPEM
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含義
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人和動物
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U+10080
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100[1] A-
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VIR vir
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人
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U+10081
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102 A-
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MUL mulier
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女人
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U+10082
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104 Cn
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CERV cervus
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鹿
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𐂃
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U+10083
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105 Ca S-
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EQU equus
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马
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𐂄
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U+10084
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105 Ca
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EQUf
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母马[2]
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𐂅
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U+10085
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105 Ca
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EQUm
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公马
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𐀥
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U+10025
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106 QI *21
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OVIS ovis
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羊
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𐀥
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WE *75
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we-ka-ta Bous ergatēs
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"Adjunct to ox" (1973)[3]
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𐂆
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U+10086
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106b C- D-
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母羊f
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EWE
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𐂇
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U+10087
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106a C- D-
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绵羊m
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RAM
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𐁒
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U+10052
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107 RA *22
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CAP capra
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山羊
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𐂈
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U+10088
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107b C- Mc
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CAPf
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母山羊
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𐂉
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U+10089
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107a C-
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CAPm
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公山羊
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𐁂
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U+10042
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108 AU *85 C-
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SUS sūs
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猪
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𐂊
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U+1008A
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108b C-
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SUSf
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母猪
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𐂋
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U+1008B
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108a C-
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SUSm
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公猪
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𐀘
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U+10018
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109 MU *23 C-
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BOS bōs
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牛
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𐂌
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U+1008C
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109b C-
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BOSf
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奶牛
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𐂍
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U+1008D
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109a C-
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BOSm
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公牛
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度量單位
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110
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Z kotylai
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体积单位 杯[4]
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111
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V khoinikes
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体积单位
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112
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T
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干量
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113
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S
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液量单位
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114
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重量
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*21
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重量
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*2
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重量
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115
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P
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重量
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116
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N
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重量
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117
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M dimnaion[5]
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重量
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118
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L talanton
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TALENT
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*72 G-
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Bunch?
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*74 S-
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双
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*15 S-
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单个
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*61
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Deficit
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按乾物測量
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𐂎
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U+1008E
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120 E- F-
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GRA grānum
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小麦
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𐂏
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U+1008F
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121 F-
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HORD hordeum
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大麦
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𐂐
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U+10090
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122 F- U-
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OLIV olīva
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橄榄
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𐀛
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U+1001B
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NI *30 F
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FICUS
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无花果
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𐀎
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U+1000E
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*65
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FARINA
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面粉 "某种谷物"[6]
|
𐂑
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U+10091
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123 G- Un
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AROM arōma
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佐料
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|
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KO *70 G-
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芫荽
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𐀭
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U+1002D
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SA *31 G-
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芝麻
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KU *81 G-
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孜然芹
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SE *9 G-
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芹菜
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MA *80 G-
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茴香
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124 G-
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PYC
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莎草
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𐂒
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U+10092
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125 F-
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CYP
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莎草?
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126 F-
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CYP+KU
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莎草+ku
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𐂓
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U+10093
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127 Un
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KAPO
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水果?
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𐂔
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U+10094
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128 G-
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KANAKO
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红花
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按液體測量
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按重量
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按重量或按單位
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按單位計數
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容器[7]
|
𐃟
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U+100DF
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200
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sartāgo
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蒸煮锅
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𐃠
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U+100E0
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201
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TRI tripūs
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三足大锅
|
𐃡
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U+100E1
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202
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pōculum
|
GOBLET?
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𐃢
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U+100E2
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203
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urceus
|
酒罐?
|
𐃣
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U+100E3
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204 Ta
|
hirnea
|
大口水壶
|
𐃤
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U+100E4
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205 K Tn
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hirnula
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水壶
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𐃥
|
U+100E5
|
206
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HYD hydria
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提水罐
|
𐃦
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U+100E6
|
207
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三足双耳瓶
|
𐃧
|
U+100E7
|
208
|
PAT patera
|
碗
|
𐃨
|
U+100E8
|
209
|
AMPH amphora
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双耳瓶
|
𐃩
|
U+100E9
|
210
|
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STIRRIP JAR
|
𐃪
|
U+100EA
|
211
|
|
水箱?
|
𐃫
|
U+100EB
|
212
|
SIT situla
|
水罐?
|
𐃬
|
U+100EC
|
213
|
LANX lanx
|
烹饪碗
|
家具
|
𐃄
|
U+100C4
|
220 Ta
|
scamnum
|
脚凳
|
𐃅
|
U+100C5
|
225
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ALV alveus
|
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武器
|
𐃆
|
U+100C6
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230 R
|
HAS hasta
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矛
|
𐃇
|
U+100C7
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231 R
|
SAG sagitta
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箭
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𐃈
|
U+100C8
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232 Ta
|
*232
|
?
|
𐃉
|
U+100C9
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233 Ra
|
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短剑
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𐃊
|
U+100CA
|
234
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GLA gladius
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弓
|
車輛
|
𐃌
|
U+100CC
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240 Sc
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BIG biga
|
轮式车
|
𐃍
|
U+100CD
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241 Sd Se
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CUR currus
|
无轮车
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𐃎
|
U+100CE
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242 Sf Sg
|
CAPS capsus
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轮式车车架
|
𐃏
|
U+100CF
|
243 Sa So
|
ROTA rota
|
车轮
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线形文字B的Unicode编码
Unicode4.0之后的为线形文字B提供了编码码位,其中音节符号码位为10000–1007F,表意符号码位为10080–100FF。
線形文字B音節符號 Unicode.org chart (PDF)
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0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F
|
U+1000x
|
𐀀 |
𐀁 |
𐀂 |
𐀃 |
𐀄 |
𐀅 |
𐀆 |
𐀇
|
𐀈 |
𐀉 |
𐀊 |
𐀋 |
|
𐀍 |
𐀎 |
𐀏
|
U+1001x
|
𐀐 |
𐀑 |
𐀒 |
𐀓 |
𐀔 |
𐀕 |
𐀖 |
𐀗
|
𐀘 |
𐀙 |
𐀚 |
𐀛 |
𐀜 |
𐀝 |
𐀞 |
𐀟
|
U+1002x
|
𐀠 |
𐀡 |
𐀢 |
𐀣 |
𐀤 |
𐀥 |
𐀦 |
|
𐀨 |
𐀩 |
𐀪 |
𐀫 |
𐀬 |
𐀭 |
𐀮 |
𐀯
|
U+1003x
|
𐀰 |
𐀱 |
𐀲 |
𐀳 |
𐀴 |
𐀵 |
𐀶 |
𐀷
|
𐀸 |
𐀹 |
𐀺 |
|
𐀼 |
𐀽 |
|
𐀿
|
U+1004x
|
𐁀 |
𐁁 |
𐁂 |
𐁃 |
𐁄 |
𐁅 |
𐁆 |
𐁇
|
𐁈 |
𐁉 |
𐁊 |
𐁋 |
𐁌 |
𐁍 |
|
|
U+1005x
|
𐁐 |
𐁑 |
𐁒 |
𐁓 |
𐁔 |
𐁕 |
𐁖 |
𐁗
|
𐁘 |
𐁙 |
𐁚 |
𐁛 |
𐁜 |
𐁝 |
|
|
U+1006x
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U+1007x
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線形文字B表意符號 Unicode.org chart (PDF)
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0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F
|
U+1008x
|
𐂀 |
𐂁 |
𐂂 |
𐂃 |
𐂄 |
𐂅 |
𐂆 |
𐂇
|
𐂈 |
𐂉 |
𐂊 |
𐂋 |
𐂌 |
𐂍 |
𐂎 |
𐂏
|
U+1009x
|
𐂐 |
𐂑 |
𐂒 |
𐂓 |
𐂔 |
𐂕 |
𐂖 |
𐂗
|
𐂘 |
𐂙 |
𐂚 |
𐂛 |
𐂜 |
𐂝 |
𐂞 |
𐂟
|
U+100Ax
|
𐂠 |
𐂡 |
𐂢 |
𐂣 |
𐂤 |
𐂥 |
𐂦 |
𐂧
|
𐂨 |
𐂩 |
𐂪 |
𐂫 |
𐂬 |
𐂭 |
𐂮 |
𐂯
|
U+100Bx
|
𐂰 |
𐂱 |
𐂲 |
𐂳 |
𐂴 |
𐂵 |
𐂶 |
𐂷
|
𐂸 |
𐂹 |
𐂺 |
𐂻 |
𐂼 |
𐂽 |
𐂾 |
𐂿
|
U+100Cx
|
𐃀 |
𐃁 |
𐃂 |
𐃃 |
𐃄 |
𐃅 |
𐃆 |
𐃇
|
𐃈 |
𐃉 |
𐃊 |
𐃋 |
𐃌 |
𐃍 |
𐃎 |
𐃏
|
U+100Dx
|
𐃐 |
𐃑 |
𐃒 |
𐃓 |
𐃔 |
𐃕 |
𐃖 |
𐃗
|
𐃘 |
𐃙 |
𐃚 |
𐃛 |
𐃜 |
𐃝 |
𐃞 |
𐃟
|
U+100Ex
|
𐃠 |
𐃡 |
𐃢 |
𐃣 |
𐃤 |
𐃥 |
𐃦 |
𐃧
|
𐃨 |
𐃩 |
𐃪 |
𐃫 |
𐃬 |
𐃭 |
𐃮 |
𐃯
|
U+100Fx
|
𐃰 |
𐃱 |
𐃲 |
𐃳 |
𐃴 |
𐃵 |
𐃶 |
𐃷
|
𐃸 |
𐃹 |
𐃺 |
|
|
|
|
|
參見
註釋
- ^ Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 391: "100 MAN is now used for all forms of the ideogram, so that 101 and 103 are now suppressed."
- ^ Ventris & Chadwick either edition do not follow the Wingspread Convention here but have 105a as a HE-ASS and 105c as a FOAL.
- ^ The 1956 edition has "Kind of sheep"
- ^ Chadwick (1976) page 105.
- ^ "Double mina", Chadwick (1976) page 102.
- ^ Ventris & Chadwick (1973) page 392.
- ^ Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 324 has a separate table.
參考文獻
- Carpenter, Rhys, (1957) "Linear B" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Phoenix, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Summer, 1957), pp. 47–62
- Chadwick, John. The Decipherment of Linear B. Second edition (1990). Cambridge UP. 1958 [2016-04-05]. ISBN 0-521-39830-4. (原始内容存档于2020-05-22).
- Chadwick, John. The Mycenaean World. Cambridge UP. 1976. ISBN 0-521-29037-6.
- Chadwick, John. Linear B and Related Scripts; "Reading the Past". Third impression (1997). University of California Press/British Museum. 1987. ISBN 0-520-06019-9. has the Enkomi clay tablet, circa 1500 BCE., examples of Linear B tablets, and translated, the basic Linear B syllabary, the Cypriot syllabary and discussions thereof, and short sections on Linear A, and the Phaistos Disk.
- Fox, Margalit. The Riddle of the Labyrinth: The Quest to Crack an Ancient Code. Ecco. 2013. ISBN 978-0062228833.
- Levin, Saul. The Linear B Decipherment Controversy Re-examined. State University of New York Press. 1964. OCLC 288842.
- McDorman, Richard E. Language and the Ancient Greeks and On the Decipherment of Linear B (A Pair of Essays). 2010. ISBN 978-0-9839112-3-4.
- Palaima, Thomas G., "Unlocking the Secrets of Ancient Writing: The Parallel Lives of Michael Ventris and Linda Schele and the Decipherment of Mycenaean and Mayan Writing" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), University of Texas at Austin, Eleventh International Mycenological Colloquium, 2000.
- Robinson, Andrew. The Story of Writing. Paperback edition (1999). Thames and Hudson. 1995. ISBN 0-500-28156-4. Chapter 6, Linear B, pp 108–119: discusses Arthur Evans, his work, the Cypriot clues, the syllabary, Alice Kober, the "Grid", and a sample tablet transliterated, and translated into English.
- Robinson, Andrew The Man Who Deciphered Linear B: the story of Michael Ventris (2002) Thames & Hudson ISBN 0500510776
- Singh, Simon. The Code Book. Anchor. 2000. ISBN 0-385-49532-3. for a general outline of the Linear B deciphering story, from Schliemann to Chadwick.
- Ventris, Michael. Work notes on Minoan language research and other unedited papers. Edizioni dell'Ateneo 1988 Roma. 1988.
- Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John. Documents in Mycenaean Greek Second. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1973. ISBN 0-521-08558-6.
- Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1953) "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 73, (1953), pp. 84–103.
外部連結
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汉字 | |
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受漢字影響的 | |
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楔形的 | |
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其他標示音節文字 | |
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標示輔音 | |
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數字 | |
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