Urva

Urva
	Urva vitticolla
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Mammalia
Ordo:	Carnivora
Subordo:	Feliformia
Famili:	Herpestidae
Subfamili:	Herpestinae
Genus:	Urva; Hodgson, 1836
Spesies tipe
	Urva urva; Hodgson, 1836
Spesies
	Lihat teks

Urva adalah genus Garangan (Herpestidae) yang terdiri dari Garangan yang berasal dari Asia. Spesies dalam genus ini sebelumnya diklasifikasikan dalam genus Herpestes, yang sekarang dianggap hanya terdiri dari Garangan Afrika. bukti filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa Garangan Asia membentuk kelompok monofiletik dan memiliki leluhur yang sama dari Asia. Urva membentuk klad dengan genus Xenogale dan Atilax, sedangkan Herpestes membentuk klad dengan semua spesies Garangan Afrika lainnya.^[1]^[2]

Spesimen fosil Urva berupa gigi geraham atas, ditemukan di lembah Sungai Irrawaddy di Myanmar tengah dan diperkirakan berasal dari zaman Pliosen akhir.^[3]

Nama ilmiah genus garangan ini diberi oleh Brian Houghton Hodgson sebagai nama spesifik Garangan pemakan kepiting pada tahun 1836,^[4] dan sebagai nama generik pada tahun berikutnya.^[5] Spesies anggotanya memiliki persebaran yang luas mulai dari Jazirah Arab hingga Pulau Jawa di Indonesia.^[6] Musang India kecil (Urva auropunctata) telah diperkenalkan ke beberapa pulau pada akhir abad ke-19, di mana jenis garangan tersebut telah menjadi spesies invasif.^[7]^[8]

Daftar spesies^[1]

Gambar	Nama	Persebaran dan status daftar merah IUCN
	Urva edwardsii (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818)^[9]	LC^[10]
	Garangan jawa (U. javanica) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818)^[9]	LC^[11]
	U. vitticolla (Bennett, 1835)^[12]	LC^[13]
	Urva auropunctata Hodgson, 1836^[4]	LC^[14]
	Urva urva Hodgson, 1836^[4]	LC^[15]
	Urva smithii (Gray, 1837)^[16]	LC^[17]
	Urva brachyura (Gray, 1837)^[16]	NT^[18]
	Urva fusca (Waterhouse, 1838)^[19]	LC^[20]
	Urva semitorquata (Gray, 1846)^[21]	NT^[22]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Patou, M.; Mclenachan, P.A.; Morley, C.G.; Couloux, A.; Jennings, A.P.; Veron, G. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian Herpestes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 69–80. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.038. PMID 19520178.
^ Zhou, Y.; Wang, S.-R.; Ma, J.-Z. (2017). "Comprehensive species set revealing the phylogeny and biogeography of Feliformia (Mammalia, Carnivora) based on mitochondrial DNA". PLoS ONE. 12 (3): e0174902. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174902 . PMC 5373635 . PMID 28358848.
^ Egi, N.; Nishioka, Y.; Tsubamoto, T.; Ogino, S.; Takai, M. (2011). "A mongoose remain (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Upper Irrawaddy sediments, Myanmar and its significance in evolutionary history of Asian herpestids". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 42 (6): 1204–1209. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.07.003.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hodgson, B. H. (1836). "Synoptical description of sundry new animals, enumerated in the Catalogue of Nepalese Mammals". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 5 (52): 231–238.
^ Hodgson, B. H. (1837). "On a new genus of the Plantigrades". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 6 (67): 560–565.
^ Veron, G.; Jennings, A.P. (2017). "Javan mongoose or small Indian mongoose – who is where?". Mammalian Biology. 87 (1): 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2017.05.006 .
^ Lowe, S.; Browne, M.; Boudjelas, S.; De Poorter, M. (2000). "Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus (auropunctatus))" (PDF). 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. New Zealand: The Invasive Species Specialist Group, SSC IUCN, Hollands Printing Ltd. hlm. 10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-02.
^ Louppe, V.; Lalis, A.; Abdelkrim, J.; Baron, J.; Bed’Hom, B.; Becker, A. A. M. J.; Catzeflis, F.; Lorvelec, O.; Zieger, U.; Veron, G. (2021). "Dispersal history of a globally introduced carnivore, the small Indian mongoose Urva auropunctata, with an emphasis on the Caribbean region". Biological Invasions. 23: 2573–2590. doi:10.1007/s10530-021-02523-6.
^ ^a ^b Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1817). "De l'Ichneumon. Ichneumon pharaon". Dalam Jomard, E. F. Description de l'Égypte, ou, Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'éxpédition de l'armée française. Tome II. Paris: Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Egypte. hlm. 137–144.
^ Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii": e.T41611A45206787.
^ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Ario, A. (2016). "Herpestes javanicus": e.T70203940A45207619.
^ Bennett, E. T. (1835). "Remarks on some Mammalia from Travancore, including a New Species of Herpestes". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. III: 66–67.
^ Muddapa, D.; Choudhury, A.; Punjabi, G. A. (2016). "Herpestes vitticollis": e.T41619A45208503.
^ Jennings, A.; Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus": e.T70204120A70204139.
^ Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2015). "Herpestes urva": e.T41618A86159618.
^ ^a ^b Gray, J. E. (1837). "Description of some or little known Mammalia, principally in the British Museum Collection". The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology. I (November): 577–587.
^ Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes smithii": e.T41617A45208195.
^ Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Herpestes brachyurus": e.T41610A45206655.
^ Waterhouse, G.R. (1838). "On two new species of Mammalia, from the Society's collection, belonging to the genera Gerbillus and Herpestes". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. VI: 55–56.
^ Mudappa, D.; Jathanna, D. (2015). "Herpestes fuscus": e.T41612A45207051.
^ Gray, J.E. (1846). "New species of Mammalia". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 18 (118): 211–212.
^ Mathai, J.; Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Ross, J.; Holden, J.; Gemita, E.; Hon, J. (2015). "Herpestes semitorquatus": e.T41616A45208027.

[Patou2009-1] Patou, M.; Mclenachan, P.A.; Morley, C.G.; Couloux, A.; Jennings, A.P.; Veron, G. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian Herpestes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 69–80. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.038. PMID 19520178.

[2] Zhou, Y.; Wang, S.-R.; Ma, J.-Z. (2017). "Comprehensive species set revealing the phylogeny and biogeography of Feliformia (Mammalia, Carnivora) based on mitochondrial DNA". PLoS ONE. 12 (3): e0174902. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174902 . PMC 5373635 . PMID 28358848.

[3] Egi, N.; Nishioka, Y.; Tsubamoto, T.; Ogino, S.; Takai, M. (2011). "A mongoose remain (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Upper Irrawaddy sediments, Myanmar and its significance in evolutionary history of Asian herpestids". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 42 (6): 1204–1209. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.07.003.

[Hodgson1836-4] Hodgson, B. H. (1836). "Synoptical description of sundry new animals, enumerated in the Catalogue of Nepalese Mammals". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 5 (52): 231–238.

[Hodgson1837-5] Hodgson, B. H. (1837). "On a new genus of the Plantigrades". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 6 (67): 560–565.

[6] Veron, G.; Jennings, A.P. (2017). "Javan mongoose or small Indian mongoose – who is where?". Mammalian Biology. 87 (1): 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2017.05.006 .

[7] Lowe, S.; Browne, M.; Boudjelas, S.; De Poorter, M. (2000). "Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus (auropunctatus))" (PDF). 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. New Zealand: The Invasive Species Specialist Group, SSC IUCN, Hollands Printing Ltd. hlm. 10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-02.

[8] Louppe, V.; Lalis, A.; Abdelkrim, J.; Baron, J.; Bed’Hom, B.; Becker, A. A. M. J.; Catzeflis, F.; Lorvelec, O.; Zieger, U.; Veron, G. (2021). "Dispersal history of a globally introduced carnivore, the small Indian mongoose Urva auropunctata, with an emphasis on the Caribbean region". Biological Invasions. 23: 2573–2590. doi:10.1007/s10530-021-02523-6.

[Geoffroy18172-9] Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1817). "De l'Ichneumon. Ichneumon pharaon". Dalam Jomard, E. F. Description de l'Égypte, ou, Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'éxpédition de l'armée française. Tome II. Paris: Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Egypte. hlm. 137–144.

[10] Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii": e.T41611A45206787.

[11] Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Ario, A. (2016). "Herpestes javanicus": e.T70203940A45207619.

[12] Bennett, E. T. (1835). "Remarks on some Mammalia from Travancore, including a New Species of Herpestes". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. III: 66–67.

[13] Muddapa, D.; Choudhury, A.; Punjabi, G. A. (2016). "Herpestes vitticollis": e.T41619A45208503.

[14] Jennings, A.; Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus": e.T70204120A70204139.

[15] Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2015). "Herpestes urva": e.T41618A86159618.

[Gray18372-16] Gray, J. E. (1837). "Description of some or little known Mammalia, principally in the British Museum Collection". The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology. I (November): 577–587.

[17] Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes smithii": e.T41617A45208195.

[18] Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Herpestes brachyurus": e.T41610A45206655.

[19] Waterhouse, G.R. (1838). "On two new species of Mammalia, from the Society's collection, belonging to the genera Gerbillus and Herpestes". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. VI: 55–56.

[20] Mudappa, D.; Jathanna, D. (2015). "Herpestes fuscus": e.T41612A45207051.

[21] Gray, J.E. (1846). "New species of Mammalia". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 18 (118): 211–212.

[22] Mathai, J.; Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Ross, J.; Holden, J.; Gemita, E.; Hon, J. (2015). "Herpestes semitorquatus": e.T41616A45208027.

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Urva

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Urva

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Daftar spesies^[1]