Assyrian Americans (Syriac: ܣܘܼܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܐܲܡܪ̈ܝܼܟܵܝܹܐ) refers to individuals of ethnicAssyrian ancestry born in or residing within the United States. Assyrians are an indigenousMiddle Eastern ethnic group native to Mesopotamia in West Asia who descend from their ancient counterparts, directly originating from the ancient indigenous Mesopotamians of Akkad and Sumer who first developed the independent civilisation in northern Mesopotamia that would become Assyria in 2600 BC. Modern Assyrians often culturally self-identify as Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans for religious and tribal identification. The first significant wave of Assyrian immigration to the United States was due to the Sayfo genocide in the Assyrian homeland in 1914–1924.
Assyrians have been present in the United States since the late 19th century. The first recorded Assyrian in America was Zia Attala.[7] He reportedly immigrated to Philadelphia in 1889 and found work in the hotel industry.[8] Most early Assyrian immigrants, however, were young men sent by Western missionaries for religious training.[9]
Second wave of immigration
Following the turn of the century, Assyrian immigration to America mostly came to a halt due to the Immigration Act of 1924, which effectively cut off any legal immigration to the United States for Assyrians and other non-Western European groups. The second large wave of immigration occurred in the 1960s and 70s, mainly from northern Iraq due to conflicts and persecution by the Ba’athist government of Iraq. Others arrived from Iran following the Iranian Revolution. Many Assyrians arrived during this period and took advantage of the ongoing White flight in Detroit.
As a result of the situation, Assyrians gained a monopoly over grocery stores and other small businesses, and in many cases used their finances and newfound wealth to benefit the Assyrian community there and take in Assyrian refugees from Iraq. More Assyrians arrived throughout the 80s and 90s for similar reasons, with newer residents moving out of Detroit into suburbs such as Royal Oak and Sterling Heights due to the crack epidemic in Detroit, while others began to move to San Diego, establishing a new Assyrian community there.
In 2005, the first Assyrian school in the United States, the Assyrian American Christian School, opened in Tarzana, Los Angeles.
Before the 1970s, Assyrians came to the United States in search of greater economic opportunities. After the 1970s, many Assyrians fled for political freedom, especially after the rise of Saddam Hussein and after the Gulf War. Some were drawn by the economic opportunities they had seen successfully affect their family members who had already immigrated.
Less stringent immigration laws during the 1960s and 1970s facilitated increasing numbers, with the 1970s seeing the highest number of Assyrians coming to the United States. In 1962, the number of Assyrian owned grocery stores was 120, but grew to 278 in 1972. The main cause of this were the 1967 Detroit riots, after which Jewish grocery store owners left the area and left the opportunity open for Assyrians to take over. Often these Jews sold their old stores to Assyrians.[10]
Mostly all new Chaldean Catholic Assyrian immigrants and low-income senior citizens tend to reside in Detroit, in the 7 Mile Road between Woodward Avenue and John R Street. This area was officially named Chaldean Town in 1999.[12] There are eight Chaldean Catholic Churches in Metro Detroit, located in West Bloomfield, Troy (where there are two), Oak Park, Southfield, Warren, Sterling Heights and Detroit.
In California
After World War II, several Assyrian men who had been educated in Iraq by American Jesuits traveled to the United States. They were to teach Arabic to U.S. officers at the Army Language School who were going to be stationed in the Middle East. The men started the San Diego-area Chaldean Catholic community. Yasmeen S. Hanoosh, author of The Politics of Minority Chaldeans Between Iraq and America, wrote that the Chaldean Catholic Church in San Diego "continued to grow in relative isolation from the family-chain-migration based communities in and around Michigan."[13]
In Illinois
Geographic distribution
This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2012)
According to the 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates there are 110,807 Assyrian people in the United States.[3][4]
The 2000 U.S. Census counted 82,355 Assyrians (including those who identify as Chaldean or Syriac) in the country, of whom most lived in Illinois. These 3 groups were listed as one category in the United States Census[14]
The federal government of the United States took the word Syrian to mean Arabs from the Syrian Arab Republic and not as one of the terms to identify the ethnically distinct Assyrians, although the terms Syrian and Syriac are strongly accepted by mainstream majority academic opinion to be etymologically, historically, geographically and ethnically derivative of the earlier term Assyrian,[19][20] and historically meant Assyrian (see Etymology of Syria) and not Arab or Aramean. In addition, the Syrian Arab Republic is home to many ethnicities, including Arabs, Assyrians, Armenians, Kurds, and Turkmens, and is thus not an exclusively Arab nation.
The Syriac Orthodox Church was previously known as the Syrian Orthodox Church until a Holy Synod in 2000 voted to change it to Syriac, thus distinguishing from the Arabs. Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim wrote a letter to the Syriacs in 2000 urging them to register in the census as Syriac with a C, and not Syrian with an N to distinguish the group. He also urged them not to register as the country of origin.[21] The Church was previously known as the Assyrian Orthodox Church in America and Israel-Palestine, which can be seen in the name of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Paramus, New Jersey.[22]
Chaldean refers to ethnic Assyrians who are (traditionally) Eastern Catholic, having split from the Assyrian Church in Upper Mesopotamia between the 17th and 19th centuries (see Schism of 1552). Chaldean is thus a religious term, not an ethnic term. The majority of Chaldean Catholics come from Iraq’s Nineveh Plains region, which is located in Upper Mesopotamia (northern Iraq). The Chaldeans of antiquity lived in southeast Mesopotamia from the 9th century BC and disappeared from history in the 6th century BC.
On the US census, there is a section for the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriacs, which is listed separately from Syrian, Syrian being a subcategory for Arab.[23]
^"Anna Eshoo: Biography". Congresswoman Anna Eshoo – California's 18th Congressional District. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020. Rep. Eshoo was born in New Britain, Connecticut, of Assyrian and Armenian heritage. She is the proud mother of two children, Karen and Paul.
^"Raad:Journal". sanclementejournal.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
^Collins, Margaret K. (18 January 2006). "Man on the Move". The Record. Archived from the original on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2015. His Assyrian grandfather was a tailor in Paterson and his boyhood pals on Wayne's Surrey Drive remember him more as an avid lacrosse player than a student of politics. But Rumana picked up the public-service bug from his godfather, Robert Roe, who was mayor of Wayne before serving as a 23-year Democratic congressman. It was interning for Roe in Washington, D.C., during the Iran-contra hearings in the summer of 1987 that turned Rumana into a visible and outspoken lover of all things government.
Hanoosh, Yasmeen H. The Politics of Minority Chaldeans Between Iraq and America. ProQuest, 2008. ISBN0549984755, 9780549984757.
Henrich, Natalie and Joseph Henrich. Why Humans Cooperate : A Cultural and Evolutionary Explanation: A Cultural and Evolutionary Explanation. Oxford University Press, 30 May 2007. ISBN0198041179, 9780198041177.
Sengstock, Mary C., and Sanaa Taha Al Harahsheh. "Chaldean Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 441–452. online
Sengstock, Mary C. Chaldean-Americans: Changing Conceptions of Ethnic Identity (Center for Migration Studies, 1999).
Sengstock, Mary C. Chaldeans in Michigan (Michigan State University Press, 2005).
Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the Middle East with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
Within the Indo-Greek Kingdom there were over 30 kings, often in competition on different territories. Many of them are only known through their coins. Many of the dates, territories, and relationships between Indo-Greek kings are tentative and essentially based on numismatic analysis (find places, overstrikes, monograms, metallurgy, styles), a few Classical writings, and Indian writings and epigraphic evidence. The following list of kings, dates and territories after the reign of Demetrius is d…
Semyon TimoshénkoСемён Тимоше́нко Menteri Pertahanan Uni SovietMasa jabatan7 Mei 1940 – 19 Juli 1941PremierVyacheslav MolotovJoseph Stalin PendahuluKliment VoroshilovPenggantiJoseph Stalin Informasi pribadiLahirSemyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko(1895-02-18)18 Februari 1895Furmanivka, Kegubernuran Bessarabia, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal31 Maret 1970(1970-03-31) (umur 75)MoskowKebangsaan Uni SovietPartai politikPartai KomunisPenghargaan sipilPahlawan Uni SovietKar…
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …
Irawan Soejono adalah seorang mahasiswa Indonesia yang diakui oleh Belanda sebagai pahlawan negara tersebut karena perjuangannya melawan Nazi Jerman selama masa pendudukan Nazi Jerman di Belanda (1940-1945). Sebelum Perang Dunia II, Irawan Soejono adalah anggota Perhimpunan Indonesia di Belanda. Ayahnya adalah Raden Adipati Ario Soejono, orang Hindia Belanda (sekarang Indonesia) pertama yang menjabat sebagai menteri dalam Kabinet Belanda (3 September 1940 - 24 Juni 1945) pimpinan Perdana Menteri…
Josef Zemp Presiden Konfederasi Swiss Ke-47Masa jabatan1 Januari 1895 – 31 Desember 1895 PendahuluEmil FreyPenggantiAdrien LachenalPresiden Konfederasi Swiss Ke-54Masa jabatan1 Januari 1902 – 31 Desember 1902 PendahuluErnst BrennerPenggantiAdolf DeucherAnggota Dewan Federal SwissMasa jabatan17 Desember 1891 – 17 Juni 1908 PendahuluEmil WeltiPenggantiJosef Anton Schobinger Informasi pribadiLahir(1834-09-02)2 September 1834Meninggal8 Desember 1908(1908-12-08) (umur…
Portret Bezaleel lukisan James Tissot. Bezaleel bin Uri bin Hur (Ibrani: בְּצַלְאֵל, juga ditulis sebagai Betzalel atau Bəṣalʼēl; Inggris: Bezalelcode: en is deprecated ) adalah seorang laki-laki Israel yang ditunjuk oleh Allah untuk bekerja sebagai arsitek utama pembangunan Kemah Suci dan peralatannya,[1] sebagaimana dicatat dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen, terutama dalam Kitab Keluaran. Tuhan juga telah menetapkan pembantu utamanya, yaitu Ahol…
Cari artikel bahasa Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba) Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka Halaman bahasa acak Bahasa Sunda Kuningan ᮘᮞ ᮝᮨᮝᮨᮀᮊᮧᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮔᮤᮍᮔ᮪Basa Wewengkon Kuningan Dialek Timur Laut Tabel perbandingan leksikon bahasa Sunda Kuningan dengan bahasa Sunda Priangan. Pengucapanbasa sʊnda kuniŋanDituturkan diIndonesiaWilayah Kab. Kuningan Kab. Majalengka[1] Sukahaji Sindangwangi Rajagaluh Sindang Le…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Abdulaziz Kamilov Menteri Urusan Luar Negeri UzbekistanPetahanaMulai menjabat 11 Februari 2012PresidenIslam KarimovShavkat Mirziyoyev PendahuluElyor GaniyevPenggantiPetahanaMasa jabatan25 Februari 1994 – 14 Maret 2003[1]PresidenIsl…
Penampilan Vidya Balan pada Kahaani membuatnya meraih beberapa penghargaan dan nominasi Kahaani (bahasa Indonesia: Cerita) adalah sebuah film cerita seru misteri India 2012 yang disutradarai dan diproduksi oleh Sujoy Ghosh.[1][2] Film tersebut dibintangi oleh Vidya Balan sebagai pemeran protagonis, dan menampilkan Parambrata Chatterjee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, dan Saswata Chatterjee dalam peran pendukung.[2][3][4] Film tersebut disunting oleh Namrata Rao, dan…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2016. Bandar Udara Svalbard, LongyearSvalbard lufthavn, LongyearIATA: LYRICAO: ENSBInformasiJenisPublikPemilik/PengelolaAvinorMelayaniSvalbard, NorwayLokasiLongyearbyenKetinggian dpl29 mdplSitus webavinor.no/.../svalbardLandasan pacu Arah Panjang Permuk…
Ketua Dewan Federasi Majelis Federal Federasi RusiaПредседатель Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской ФедерацииPredsedatel' Soveta Federatsii Federal'nogo sobraniya Rossiyskoy FederatsiiPetahanaValentina Matviyenkosejak 21 September 2011Ditunjuk olehDewan FederasiMasa jabatanTidak ada batasan masa jabatanDibentuk13 Januari 1994; 30 tahun lalu (1994-01-13)Pejabat pertamaVladimir ShumeykoSitus webFederation Cou…
Bagian dari seri tentang Pandangan Kristen Kristus Kristologi Nama dan Gelar Riwayat Hidup Injil Keselarasan Injil Petilasan Beribunda Perawan Kelahiran Pembaptisan Karya Pelayanan Khotbah di Bukit Mukjizat Perumpamaan Penistaan Penyaliban Penguburan Kebangkitan Kenaikan Ketaatan Bersemayam di Surga Perantaraan Kedatangan Ke-2 Relikui Isa (Pandangan Islam) Almasih Injil Maryam Hawariyun Wafat Almahdi Hari Kiamat Pusara Latar Belakang Latar Belakang Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Tutur Yesus Ras Yesus Si…
Peningkatan konsentrasi CO2 di Mauna Loa pada tahun 1958–2020 Kurva Keeling adalah diagram yang menunjukkan perubahan karbon dioksida (CO2) secara musiman dan tahunan pada atmosfer Bumi, berdasarkan penelitian lanjutan yang dilakukan di Observatorium Mauna Loa di Hawaii. Grafik ini ditemukan oleh ilmuwan iklim asal Amerika, Charles David Keeling. Latar Belakang Charles David Keeling adalah orang pertama dari Scripps Institution of Oceanography di UC San Diego yang memulai penelitian tingkat ko…
Iton Valenzuela poyde tinmudlok ha: Valenzuela (genus), uska genus han Insecta. Valenzuela, Córdoba, usa ka bungto ha Provincia de Córdoba, Andalucía, Espanya. Valenzuela de Calatrava, usa ka bungto ha Provincia de Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Espanya. Valenzuela, Pilipinas, usa nga syudad nga lakip han Metro Manila ha Pilipinas. Ini nga pakli hin pansayod naglilista han mga artikulo o barasahon nga may pagkaparehas hin titulo. Kon an usa nga internal nga sumpay an nagdara ha imo nganhi, …
Academy Awards ke-48TanggalSenin, 29 Maret 1976TempatDorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los AngelesPembawa acaraWalter Matthau, Robert Shaw, George Segal, Goldie Hawn, Gene KellyProduserHoward W. KochPengarah acaraMarty PasettaSorotanFilm TerbaikOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's NestPenghargaan terbanyakOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (5)Nominasi terbanyakOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (9)Liputan televisiJaringanABCDurasi3 jam, 12 menit ← ke-47 Academy Awards ke-49 → Academy Awards ke-48…
Charles BurrellGravure de Charles Merrik Burrell, publiée en 1835 dans Histoire, antiquités et topographie du comté de Sussex par Thomas Walker HorsfieldFonctionsMembre du 18e Parlement du Royaume-Uni18e Parlement du Royaume-Uni (d)New Shoreham (en)28 avril 1859 - 4 janvier 1862Membre du 17e Parlement du Royaume-Uni17e Parlement du Royaume-Uni (d)New Shoreham (en)27 mars 1857 - 23 avril 1859Membre du 16e Parlement du Royaume-Uni16e Parlement du Royaume-Uni (d)New Shoreham (en)7 juillet 1852 -…
Football clubBotev Plovdiv IIFull namePFC Botev Plovdiv IINickname(s)Канарчетата (The Canaries)Жълто-черните (The Yellow-Blacks)Founded1 June 2021; 2 years ago (2021-06-01)GroundSport Complex Nikola Shterev - StarikaCapacity3,500ShareholdersPFK Botev Association (100%)Head coachIliyan GarovLeagueSoutheast Third League2022–23Second League, 18th (relegated)WebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Third colours Botev Plovdiv II (Bulgarian: Ботев …
العلاقات البوتسوانية التشيلية بوتسوانا تشيلي بوتسوانا تشيلي تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات البوتسوانية التشيلية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين بوتسوانا وتشيلي.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقا…
Technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy CardiotocographyA cardiotocograph recording fetal heart rate and uterine contractionsICD-9-CM75.32MeSHD015148CPT59050[edit on Wikidata] Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technique used to monitor the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions during pregnancy and labour. The machine used to perform the monitoring is called a cardiotocograph. Fetal heart sounds were described as early as 350 years ago and a…
2008 political book by Rick ShenkmanJust How Stupid Are We? AuthorRick ShenkmanCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreNon-fiction, politicsPublisherBasic BooksPublication dateJune 2008ISBN978-0465014934 Just How Stupid Are We? Facing the Truth About the American Voter is a political book by author Rick Shenkman published by Basic Books in June 2008.[1] (ISBN 978-0465014934) The book argues that although the American government has gained global political power since the late 19th c…