Kamakã languages

Proto-Kamakã
Proto-Kamakã
Reconstruction of	Kamakã languages
Reconstructed; ancestors	Proto-Macro-Jê Proto-Trans–São Francisco ;

The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are:

Varieties

Below is a full list of Kamakã languages and dialects listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.^[1]

Kamakán / Ezeshio - once spoken on the Ilhéus River, De Contas River and Pardo River, Bahia state.
Mangaló / Mongoyo / Monshoko - extinct language once spoken on the lower Pardo River near the frontier of Bahia and Minas Gerais states.
Kutasho / Cotoxo / Catathoy - once spoken between the Pardo River and De Contas River.
Menien / Manyã - once spoken at the sources of the Jequitinhonha River.
Dendi - once spoken in the Serra Geral de Condeúba, frontier area between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. (Unattested)
Catolé - once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Pardo River and Verde River. (Unattested)
Imboré / Amboré - once spoken at the sources of the Gongogi River, Bahia state. (Unattested)
Piripiri - once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Verde River and Gorutuba River. (Unattested)
Payaya - once spoken on the Camamu River, Bahia state. (Unattested)

Masacará - extinct language once spoken south of the city of Juazeiro and in the old mission of Saco dos Morcegos, state of Bahia.

Camacán (Kamakán) varieties listed by Mason (1950):^[2]

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages by Martins (2007):^[3]

Masakará is the most divergent language.

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Ramirez, et al. (2015):^[4]

Masakará
Kamakã proper
- Menien
- Kamakã (including Kotoxó, Mongoyó, Monxokó, Katatoi, etc.)

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Nikulin (2020):^[5]

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.^[1]

gloss	Kamakan	Mangaló	Menien	Kutasho	Masacará
head	heró	hero	inro	heró	axaró
eye	an-kedó	kedó	im-gutó	kithó	gätxt
tooth	txó	dió	yo	dió	thüó
foot	wadé	uadä		hoata	huaxtö
water	d san	sa	sa	sin	tsyin
fire	yakó	diaxka	yarú	tiakíl	guxá
star	pʔiong	péo	pinia	pião	pinatsö
maize	hikamhi	kesho	kshó	kethió	käxü
jaguar	yakoe-dere	yaké-deré	kukiamú	tiuké-hiá	yakveo
black	kohada	koaxéda	kuatá	tá	koeixtá

Proto-Kamakã reconstructions by Martins (2007):^[3]

^ ^a ^b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
^ Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
^ ^a ^b Martins, Andérbio Márcio Silva. 2007. Revisão da Família Lingüística Kamakã Proposta por Chestmir Loukotka. MA thesis, University of Brasília.
^ Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.